Phospholipid—the dynamic structure between living and non-living world; a much obligatory supramolecule for present and future

Manikandan Alagumuthu; Divakar Dahiya; Poonam Singh Nigam; Manikandan Alagumuthu; Divakar Dahiya; Poonam Singh Nigam

doi:10.3934/molsci.2019.1.1

AIMS Molecular Science

2019, Volume 6, Issue 1: 1-19. doi: 10.3934/molsci.2019.1.1

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Review

Phospholipid—the dynamic structure between living and non-living world; a much obligatory supramolecule for present and future

1.
School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore–632014, Tamil Nadu, India
2.
Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, UK

Received: 09 October 2018 Accepted: 16 January 2019 Published: 24 January 2019

Phospholipids (PLs) are amphiphilic molecules that are in charge of controlling what goes in or out of the cell, keeping up the structure and numerous associated functions. These primary molecules are not only the integral part but also a vastly diverse group of molecules present in microorganisms, plants, and animals. PLs provide rigidity, signal transduction, energy to cells. PLs such as lecithins are molecules of future food, medicine and cosmetic industry. PLs are used in fat and oil refining and these are also used as carriers in drug and drug delivery system. Of course, challenges are there in the assay of phospholipids because of their availability of hydrophobic and hydrophilic components in the same environment. This review is mainly focused to unveil the function, characteristics, features and applications of PLs in various fields.
- phospholipids,
- plant-phospholipids,
- animal-phospholipids,
- microbial-phospholipids,
- lecithin,
- phosphoinositide
Citation: Manikandan Alagumuthu, Divakar Dahiya, Poonam Singh Nigam. Phospholipid—the dynamic structure between living and non-living world; a much obligatory supramolecule for present and future[J]. AIMS Molecular Science, 2019, 6(1): 1-19. doi: 10.3934/molsci.2019.1.1

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Abstract

Phospholipids (PLs) are amphiphilic molecules that are in charge of controlling what goes in or out of the cell, keeping up the structure and numerous associated functions. These primary molecules are not only the integral part but also a vastly diverse group of molecules present in microorganisms, plants, and animals. PLs provide rigidity, signal transduction, energy to cells. PLs such as lecithins are molecules of future food, medicine and cosmetic industry. PLs are used in fat and oil refining and these are also used as carriers in drug and drug delivery system. Of course, challenges are there in the assay of phospholipids because of their availability of hydrophobic and hydrophilic components in the same environment. This review is mainly focused to unveil the function, characteristics, features and applications of PLs in various fields.

Abbreviation PL: Phospholipids; FA: Fatty acids; ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate; APG: Acyl Phosphatidylglycerol; DPG: Diphosphatidylglycerol; MGDG: Monogalactosyl diacylglycerol; DGDG: Digalactosyl diacylglycerol; PLC: Phospholipase C; PLD: Phospholipase D; PLP: Phospholipase P; DHA: Docosahexaenoic acid;
Acknowledgments

Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT, Vellore, India and Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, UK are acknowledged.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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