The integration of technology into higher education has become increasingly important, yet many lecturers lack the necessary skills to effectively incorporate technology into their teaching practices. This study aimed to develop, implement, and evaluate an in-service training program to enhance university lecturers' awareness and skills in technology integration within the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework. A mixed-methods approach was employed, involving four university lecturers from the Faculty of Education at Amasya University. The study included a needs assessment, pre- and post-tests, and semi-structured interviews. A tailored in-service training program was developed based on the TPACK models and participants' needs. Quantitative results showed an improvement in participants' knowledge of technology integration, with mean scores increasing from 13.75 to 17.25. Qualitative data revealed an enhanced understanding of technology integration, increased confidence in using various technological platforms, and a positive reception of the TPACK model. Participants appreciated the hands-on, collaborative nature of the training program. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of a well-designed, participant-informed in-service training program for enhancing lecturers' technology integration skills within the TPACK framework. The findings highlight the importance of addressing lecturers' specific needs and providing practical, hands-on experiences in technology integration training. Higher education institutions should consider implementing similar training programs to support faculty in developing essential technology integration skills, ultimately contributing to the preparation of future teachers who can leverage technology effectively in their classrooms.
Citation: Erkan Çer. Enhancing lecturer awareness of technology integration within the TPACK framework: A mixed methods study[J]. STEM Education, 2025, 5(3): 356-382. doi: 10.3934/steme.2025018
[1] | Ming Wei, Congxin Yang, Bo Sun, Binbin Jing . A multi-objective optimization model for green demand responsive airport shuttle scheduling with a stop location problem. Electronic Research Archive, 2023, 31(10): 6363-6383. doi: 10.3934/era.2023322 |
[2] | Gang Cheng, Changliang He . Analysis of bus travel characteristics and predictions of elderly passenger flow based on smart card data. Electronic Research Archive, 2022, 30(12): 4256-4276. doi: 10.3934/era.2022217 |
[3] | Ming Wei, Shaopeng Zhang, Bo Sun . Comprehensive operating efficiency measurement of 28 Chinese airports using a two-stage DEA-Tobit method. Electronic Research Archive, 2023, 31(3): 1543-1555. doi: 10.3934/era.2023078 |
[4] | Xiaojie Huang, Gaoke Liao . Identifying driving factors of urban digital financial network—based on machine learning methods. Electronic Research Archive, 2022, 30(12): 4716-4739. doi: 10.3934/era.2022239 |
[5] | Jiaqi Chang, Xuhan Xu . Network structure of urban digital financial technology and its impact on the risk of commercial banks. Electronic Research Archive, 2022, 30(12): 4740-4762. doi: 10.3934/era.2022240 |
[6] | Jian Wan, Peiyun Yang, Wenbo Zhang, Yaxing Cheng, Runlin Cai, Zhiyuan Liu . A taxi detour trajectory detection model based on iBAT and DTW algorithm. Electronic Research Archive, 2022, 30(12): 4507-4529. doi: 10.3934/era.2022229 |
[7] | Gang Cheng, Yijie He . Enhancing passenger comfort and operator efficiency through multi-objective bus timetable optimization. Electronic Research Archive, 2024, 32(1): 565-583. doi: 10.3934/era.2024028 |
[8] | Zhenghui Li, Jinhui Zhu, Jiajia He . The effects of digital financial inclusion on innovation and entrepreneurship: A network perspective. Electronic Research Archive, 2022, 30(12): 4697-4715. doi: 10.3934/era.2022238 |
[9] | Jie Ren, Shiru Qu, Lili Wang, Yu Wang, Tingting Lu, Lijing Ma . Research on en route capacity evaluation model based on aircraft trajectory data. Electronic Research Archive, 2023, 31(3): 1673-1690. doi: 10.3934/era.2023087 |
[10] | Yaxi Xu, Yi Liu, Ke Shi, Xin Wang, Yi Li, Jizong Chen . An airport apron ground service surveillance algorithm based on improved YOLO network. Electronic Research Archive, 2024, 32(5): 3569-3587. doi: 10.3934/era.2024164 |
The integration of technology into higher education has become increasingly important, yet many lecturers lack the necessary skills to effectively incorporate technology into their teaching practices. This study aimed to develop, implement, and evaluate an in-service training program to enhance university lecturers' awareness and skills in technology integration within the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework. A mixed-methods approach was employed, involving four university lecturers from the Faculty of Education at Amasya University. The study included a needs assessment, pre- and post-tests, and semi-structured interviews. A tailored in-service training program was developed based on the TPACK models and participants' needs. Quantitative results showed an improvement in participants' knowledge of technology integration, with mean scores increasing from 13.75 to 17.25. Qualitative data revealed an enhanced understanding of technology integration, increased confidence in using various technological platforms, and a positive reception of the TPACK model. Participants appreciated the hands-on, collaborative nature of the training program. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of a well-designed, participant-informed in-service training program for enhancing lecturers' technology integration skills within the TPACK framework. The findings highlight the importance of addressing lecturers' specific needs and providing practical, hands-on experiences in technology integration training. Higher education institutions should consider implementing similar training programs to support faculty in developing essential technology integration skills, ultimately contributing to the preparation of future teachers who can leverage technology effectively in their classrooms.
[1] |
Zawacki-Richter, O., Marín, V.I., Bond, M. and Gouverneur, F., Systematic review of research on artificial intelligence applications in higher education – where are the educators? International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 2019, 16(1): 39. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-019-0171-0 doi: 10.1186/s41239-019-0171-0
![]() |
[2] |
Demeshkant, N., Trusz, S. and Potyrała, K., Interrelationship between levels of digital competences and Technological, Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK): A preliminary study with Polish academic teachers. Technology, Pedagogy and Education, 2022, 31(5): 579–595. https://doi.org/10.1080/1475939X.2022.2092547 doi: 10.1080/1475939X.2022.2092547
![]() |
[3] |
Bond, M., Buntins, K., Bedenlier, S., Zawacki-Richter, O. and Kerres, M., Mapping research in student engagement and educational technology in higher education: a systematic evidence map. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 2020, 17(1): 1‒30. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-019-0176-8 doi: 10.1186/s41239-019-0176-8
![]() |
[4] |
Wang, L.H., Chen, B., Hwang, G.J., Guan, J.Q. and Wang, Y.Q., Effects of digital game-based STEM education on students' learning achievement: A meta-analysis. International Journal of STEM Education, 2022, 9(1): 26. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-022-00344-0 doi: 10.1186/s40594-022-00344-0
![]() |
[5] |
Deng, X. and Yu, Z., A meta-analysis and systematic review of the effect of chatbot technology use in sustainable education. Sustainability, 2023, 15(4): 2940. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15042940 doi: 10.3390/su15042940
![]() |
[6] |
Van Laar, E., Van Deursen, A.J., Van Dijk, J.A. and De Haan, J., The relation between 21st-century skills and digital skills: A systematic literature review. Computers in Human Behavior, 2017, 72: 577–588. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.03.010 doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2017.03.010
![]() |
[7] |
Mishra, P. and Koehler, M.J., Technological pedagogical content knowledge: A framework for teacher knowledge. Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education, 2006,108(6): 1017–1054. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9620.2006.00684.x doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9620.2006.00684.x
![]() |
[8] |
Mishra, P., Warr, M. and Islam, R., TPACK in the age of ChatGPT and generative AI. Journal of Digital Learning in Teacher Education, 2023, 39(4): 235–251. https://doi.org/10.1080/21532974.2023.2247480 doi: 10.1080/21532974.2023.2247480
![]() |
[9] |
Petko, D., Mishra, P. and Koehler, M.J., TPACK in context: An updated model. Computers and Education Open, 2025, 100244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeo.2025.100244 doi: 10.1016/j.caeo.2025.100244
![]() |
[10] |
Hsu, L. and Chen, Y., Teachers' knowledge and competence in the digital age: Descriptive research within the TPACK framework. International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 2018, 8(6): 455–458. https://doi.org/10.18178/ijiet.2018.8.6.1081 doi: 10.18178/ijiet.2018.8.6.1081
![]() |
[11] |
Akram, H., Abdelrady, A.H., Al-Adwan, A.S., Ramzan, M., Teachers' perceptions of technology integration in teaching-learning practices: A systematic review. Frontiers in Psychology, 2022, 13: 920317. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.920317 doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.920317
![]() |
[12] |
Tondeur, J., Aesaert, K., Pynoo, B., Van Braak, J., Fraeyman, N. and Erstad, O., Teacher educators as gatekeepers: Preparing the next generation of teachers for technology integration in education. British Journal of Educational Technology, 2019, 50(3): 1189–1209. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12748 doi: 10.1111/bjet.12748
![]() |
[13] |
Rasheed, R.A., Kamsin, A. and Abdullah, N.A., Challenges in the online component of blended learning: A systematic review. Computers & Education, 2020,144: 103701. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2019.103701 doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2019.103701
![]() |
[14] |
Ashrafzadeh, A. and Sayadian, S., University instructors' concerns and perceptions of technology integration. Computers in Human Behavior, 2015, 49: 62–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.01.071 doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2015.01.071
![]() |
[15] |
Mishra, P., Considering contextual knowledge: The TPACK diagram gets an upgrade. Journal of Digital Learning in Teacher Education, 2019, 35(2): 76–78. https://doi.org/10.1080/21532974.2019.1588611 doi: 10.1080/21532974.2019.1588611
![]() |
[16] |
Ning, Y., Zhou, Y., Wijaya, T.T. and Chen, J., Teacher education interventions on Teacher TPACK: A meta-analysis study. Sustainability 2022, 14(18): 11791. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141811791 doi: 10.3390/su141811791
![]() |
[17] |
Marlina, R., Hamdani, Oktavianty, E., Silitonga, H.T.M. and Afandi, A., Research trends in technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) reflective practitioners in higher education. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2023, 2751(1): 060004. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0143064 doi: 10.1063/5.0143064
![]() |
[18] |
Agyei, D.D. and Voogt, J., ICT use in the teaching of mathematics: Implications for professional development of pre-service teachers in Ghana. Education and Information Technologies, 2011, 16(4): 423–439. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-010-9141-9 doi: 10.1007/s10639-010-9141-9
![]() |
[19] |
Tondeur, J., Van Braak, J., Ertmer, P.A. and Ottenbreit-Leftwich, A., Understanding the relationship between teachers' pedagogical beliefs and technology use in education: A systematic review of qualitative evidence. Educational Technology Research and Development, 2017, 65: 555–575. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-016-9481-2 doi: 10.1007/s11423-016-9481-2
![]() |
[20] |
Hieu, H.L., Thanh, H.P.T. and Luong, D.H., A dataset of Vietnamese university lecturers teaching skills: A TPACK model. Data in Brief, 2024, 55: 110551. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2024.110551 doi: 10.1016/j.dib.2024.110551
![]() |
[21] | Zenda, R., Muzira, D.R. and Mujuru, M., Exploring the impact of TPACK on education 5.0 during the times of COVID-19: A case of Zimbabwean universities. International Journal of Education and Development Using Information and Communication Technology, 2024, 20: 21–39. |
[22] |
Gisbert Cervera, M. and Lázaro Cantabrana, J.L., Professional development in teacher digital competence and improving school quality from the teachers' perspective: A case study. Journal of New Approaches in Educational Research, 2015, 4(2): 115–122. https://doi.org/10.7821/naer.2015.7.123 doi: 10.7821/naer.2015.7.123
![]() |
[23] | Creswell, J.W. and Creswell, J.D., Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (6th ed.), SAGE Publications, 2022. |
[24] | Creswell, J.W. and Plano, C.V.L., Designing and conducting mixed methods research (3rd ed.), SAGE Publications, 2018. |
[25] |
Koh, J.H.L., TPACK design scaffolds for supporting teacher pedagogical change. Educational Technology Research and Development, 2019, 67(3): 577–595. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-018-9627-5 doi: 10.1007/s11423-018-9627-5
![]() |
[26] | Howitt, D. and Cramer, D., Research methods in psychology (6th ed.), Pearson, 2020. |
[27] |
Sheffield, R., Dobozy, E., Gibson, D., Mullaney, J. and Campbell, C., Teacher education students using TPACK in science: A case study. Educational Media International, 2015, 52(3): 227–238. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523987.2015.1075104 doi: 10.1080/09523987.2015.1075104
![]() |
[28] | Yin, R.K., Case study research and applications : Design and methods (6th ed.), SAGE Publications, 2018. |
[29] |
Sims, S. and Fletcher-Wood, H., Identifying the characteristics of effective teacher professional development: a critical review. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 2021, 32(1): 47–63. https://doi.org/10.1080/09243453.2020.1772841 doi: 10.1080/09243453.2020.1772841
![]() |
[30] | Desimone, L. and Garet, M.S., Best practices in teachers' professional development in the United States. Psychology, Society & Education, 2015, 7(3): 252–263. |
[31] |
Voogt, J., Fisser, P., Pareja Roblin, N., Tondeur, J. and Van Braak, J., Technological pedagogical content knowledge – a review of the literature. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 2013, 29(2): 109–121. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2729.2012.00487.x doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2729.2012.00487.x
![]() |
[32] |
Cheng, S.L. and Xie, K., The relations among teacher value beliefs, personal characteristics, and TPACK in intervention and non-intervention settings. Teaching and Teacher Education, 2018, 74: 98–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2018.04.014 doi: 10.1016/j.tate.2018.04.014
![]() |
[33] |
Mouza, C., Nandakumar, R., Yilmaz Ozden, S. and Karchmer-Klein, R., A longitudinal examination of preservice teachers' technological pedagogical content knowledge in the context of undergraduate teacher education. Action in Teacher Education, 2017, 39(2): 153–171. https://doi.org/10.1080/01626620.2016.1248301 doi: 10.1080/01626620.2016.1248301
![]() |
[34] | Foulger, T.S., Graziano, K.J., Schmidt-Crawford, D. and Slykhuis, D.A., Teacher educator technology competencies. Journal of Technology and Teacher Education, 2017, 25(4): 413–448. |
[35] |
Harris, J., Mishra, P. and Koehler, M., Teachers' technological pedagogical content knowledge and learning activity types: Curriculum-based technology integration reframed. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 2009, 41(4): 393–416. https://doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2009.10782536 doi: 10.1080/15391523.2009.10782536
![]() |
[36] |
Tseng, J.J., Chai, C.S., Tan, L. and Park, M., A critical review of research on technological pedagogical and content knowledge (TPACK) in language teaching. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 2022, 35(4): 948–971. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2020.1868531 doi: 10.1080/09588221.2020.1868531
![]() |
[37] |
Kimmons, R. and Hall, C., How useful are our models? Pre-service and practicing teacher evaluations of technology integration models. TechTrends, 2018, 6(1): 29–36. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-017-0227-8 doi: 10.1007/s11528-017-0227-8
![]() |
[38] |
Kopcha, T.J., Ottenbreit-Leftwich, A., Jung, J. and Baser, D., Examining the TPACK framework through the convergent and discriminant validity of two measures. Computers & Education 2014, 78: 87–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2014.05.003 doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2014.05.003
![]() |
[39] |
Tondeur, J., Aesaert, K., Pynoo, B., Van Braak, J., Fraeyman, N., and Erstad, O., Developing a validated instrument to measure preservice teachers' ICT competencies: Meeting the demands of the 21st century. British Journal of Educational Technology, 2017, 48(2): 462–472. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12380 doi: 10.1111/bjet.12380
![]() |
[40] |
Koh, J.H.L., Chai, C.S. and Lim, W.Y., Teacher professional development for TPACK-21CL: Effects on teacher ICT integration and student outcomes. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 2017, 55(2): 172–196. https://doi.org/10.1177/0735633116656848 doi: 10.1177/0735633116656848
![]() |
[41] |
Trust, T., Krutka, D.G. and Carpenter, J.P., "Together we are better": Professional learning networks for teachers. Computers & Education, 2016,102: 15–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2016.06.007 doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2016.06.007
![]() |
1. | Ming Wei, Shaopeng Zhang, Tao Liu, Bo Sun, The adjusted passenger transportation efficiency of nine airports in China with consideration of the impact of high-speed rail network development: A two-step DEA-OLS method, 2023, 109, 09696997, 102395, 10.1016/j.jairtraman.2023.102395 | |
2. | Zhen Wu, Po-Lin Lai, Fei Ma, Keun-Sik Park, Suthep Nimsai, Determining Spatial Relationships between Airports and Local Economy from Competitiveness Perspective: A Case Study of Airports in China, 2023, 10, 2226-4310, 138, 10.3390/aerospace10020138 | |
3. | Luigi dell’Olio, Andrés Rodríguez, Silvia Sipone, Modeling Airport Choice Using a Latent Class Logit Model, 2023, 10, 2226-4310, 703, 10.3390/aerospace10080703 | |
4. | Ming Wei, Yu Xiong, Bo Sun, Spatial effects of urban economic activities on airports’ passenger throughputs: A case study of thirteen cities and nine airports in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, China, 2025, 125, 09696997, 102765, 10.1016/j.jairtraman.2025.102765 | |
5. | Wolfgang Dupeyrat Luque, Chunyan Yu, Evolution of the Airport Industry and Regional Growth in the Pacific Alliance Member Countries, 2025, 127, 09696997, 102811, 10.1016/j.jairtraman.2025.102811 |