Loading [MathJax]/jax/output/SVG/jax.js
Research article Topical Sections

A possible direct recycling of dredged sediments from the Usumacinta River (Mexico) into fired bricks

  • Received: 06 July 2023 Revised: 20 August 2023 Accepted: 21 August 2023 Published: 20 September 2023
  • Reuse of dredged sediments is an effective approach to waste management. This study focuses on the reuse of Usumacinta River dredged sediments in fired bricks. Physico-chemical characteristics of sediments were investigated for their reuse. The grain size of sediments shows that Usumacinta sediments have a sandy texture with low organic matter. The presence of contaminants in these sediments is negligible. Suitability for bricks was observed with a clay workability chart, Winkler, and Augustinik diagram. Bricks were molded into cubic and prismatic brick specimens of size 20 × 20 × 20 mm3 and 15 × 15 × 60 mm3 for compressive and tensile strength. The molding moisture content of sediments was defined with the Sembenelli diagram. Bricks were dried at 60 ℃ and fired at a temperature of 700 to 1100 ℃. Linear shrinkage and density of Usumacinta sediments bricks increase with increasing temperature. Clayey sediments (T2 and J4) show higher shrinkage on drying. Testing of bricks shows their compressive strength varies between 0.10 to 19.38 MPa and the indirect tensile strength varies from 0.17 to 12.82 MPa. T2 sediment bricks have the lowest strength due higher percentage of sand. The compressive strength of bricks from T5 and J4 is comparatively higher and satisfies the strength requirements of bricks at a moderate temperature of 850 ℃.

    Citation: Mazhar Hussain, Daniel Levacher, Nathalie Leblanc, Hafida Zmamou, Irini Djeran-Maigre, Andry Razakamanantsoa, Ali Hussan. A possible direct recycling of dredged sediments from the Usumacinta River (Mexico) into fired bricks[J]. Clean Technologies and Recycling, 2023, 3(3): 172-192. doi: 10.3934/ctr.2023012

    Related Papers:

    [1] Qiaoping Li, Sanyang Liu . Predefined-time vector-polynomial-based synchronization among a group of chaotic systems and its application in secure information transmission. AIMS Mathematics, 2021, 6(10): 11005-11028. doi: 10.3934/math.2021639
    [2] Minghung Lin, Yiyou Hou, Maryam A. Al-Towailb, Hassan Saberi-Nik . The global attractive sets and synchronization of a fractional-order complex dynamical system. AIMS Mathematics, 2023, 8(2): 3523-3541. doi: 10.3934/math.2023179
    [3] Sukono, Siti Hadiaty Yuningsih, Endang Rusyaman, Sundarapandian Vaidyanathan, Aceng Sambas . Investigation of chaos behavior and integral sliding mode control on financial risk model. AIMS Mathematics, 2022, 7(10): 18377-18392. doi: 10.3934/math.20221012
    [4] Abdulaziz Khalid Alsharidi, Saima Rashid, S. K. Elagan . Short-memory discrete fractional difference equation wind turbine model and its inferential control of a chaotic permanent magnet synchronous transformer in time-scale analysis. AIMS Mathematics, 2023, 8(8): 19097-19120. doi: 10.3934/math.2023975
    [5] Omar Kahouli, Imane Zouak, Ma'mon Abu Hammad, Adel Ouannas . Chaos, control and synchronization in discrete time computer virus system with fractional orders. AIMS Mathematics, 2025, 10(6): 13594-13621. doi: 10.3934/math.2025612
    [6] Pratap Anbalagan, Evren Hincal, Raja Ramachandran, Dumitru Baleanu, Jinde Cao, Michal Niezabitowski . A Razumikhin approach to stability and synchronization criteria for fractional order time delayed gene regulatory networks. AIMS Mathematics, 2021, 6(5): 4526-4555. doi: 10.3934/math.2021268
    [7] Pratap Anbalagan, Evren Hincal, Raja Ramachandran, Dumitru Baleanu, Jinde Cao, Chuangxia Huang, Michal Niezabitowski . Delay-coupled fractional order complex Cohen-Grossberg neural networks under parameter uncertainty: Synchronization stability criteria. AIMS Mathematics, 2021, 6(3): 2844-2873. doi: 10.3934/math.2021172
    [8] Xinna Mao, Hongwei Feng, Maryam A. Al-Towailb, Hassan Saberi-Nik . Dynamical analysis and boundedness for a generalized chaotic Lorenz model. AIMS Mathematics, 2023, 8(8): 19719-19742. doi: 10.3934/math.20231005
    [9] Canhong Long, Zuozhi Liu, Can Ma . Synchronization dynamics in fractional-order FitzHugh–Nagumo neural networks with time-delayed coupling. AIMS Mathematics, 2025, 10(4): 8673-8687. doi: 10.3934/math.2025397
    [10] Honglei Yin, Bo Meng, Zhen Wang . Disturbance observer-based adaptive sliding mode synchronization control for uncertain chaotic systems. AIMS Mathematics, 2023, 8(10): 23655-23673. doi: 10.3934/math.20231203
  • Reuse of dredged sediments is an effective approach to waste management. This study focuses on the reuse of Usumacinta River dredged sediments in fired bricks. Physico-chemical characteristics of sediments were investigated for their reuse. The grain size of sediments shows that Usumacinta sediments have a sandy texture with low organic matter. The presence of contaminants in these sediments is negligible. Suitability for bricks was observed with a clay workability chart, Winkler, and Augustinik diagram. Bricks were molded into cubic and prismatic brick specimens of size 20 × 20 × 20 mm3 and 15 × 15 × 60 mm3 for compressive and tensile strength. The molding moisture content of sediments was defined with the Sembenelli diagram. Bricks were dried at 60 ℃ and fired at a temperature of 700 to 1100 ℃. Linear shrinkage and density of Usumacinta sediments bricks increase with increasing temperature. Clayey sediments (T2 and J4) show higher shrinkage on drying. Testing of bricks shows their compressive strength varies between 0.10 to 19.38 MPa and the indirect tensile strength varies from 0.17 to 12.82 MPa. T2 sediment bricks have the lowest strength due higher percentage of sand. The compressive strength of bricks from T5 and J4 is comparatively higher and satisfies the strength requirements of bricks at a moderate temperature of 850 ℃.



    Since pioneering works of Pecora and Carroll's [1], chaos synchronization and control have turned a hot topic and received much attention in various research areas. A number of literatures shows that chaos synchronization can be widely used in physics, medicine, biology, quantum neuron and engineering science, particularly in secure communication and telecommunications [1,2,3]. In order to realize synchronization, experts have proposed lots of methods, including complete synchronization and Q-S synchronization [4,5], adaptive synchronization [6], lag synchronization[7,8], phase synchronization [9], observer-based synchronization [10], impulsive synchronization [11], generalized synchronization [12,13], lag projective synchronization [14,15], cascade synchronization et al [16,17,18,19,20]. Among them, the cascade synchronization method is a very effective algorithm, which is characterized by reproduction of signals in the original chaotic system to monitor the synchronized motions.

    It is know that, because of the complexity of fractional differential equations, synchronization of fractional-order chaotic systems is more difficult but interesting than that of integer-order systems. Experts find that the key space can be enlarged by the regulating parameters in fractional-order chaotic systems, which enables the fractional-order chaotic system to be more suitable for the use of the encryption and control processing. Therefore, synchronization of fractional-order chaotic systems has gained increasing interests in recent decades [21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31]. It is noticed that most synchronization methods mentioned in [4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20] work for integer-order chaotic systems. Here, we shall extend to cascade synchronization for integer-order chaotic systems to a kind of general form, namely function cascade synchronization (FCS), which means that one chaotic system may be synchronized with another by sending a signal from one to the other wherein a scaling function is involved. The FCS is effective both for the fractional order and integer order chaotic systems. It constitutes a general method, which can be considered as a continuation and extension of earlier works of [13,16,19]. The nice feature of our method is that we introduce a scaling function for achieving synchronization of fractional-order chaotic systems, which can be chosen as a constant, trigonometric function, power function, logarithmic and exponential function, hyperbolic function and even combinations of them. Hence, our method is more general than some existing methods, such as the complete synchronization approach and anti-phase synchronization approach et al.

    To sum up, in this paper, we would like to use the FCS approach proposed to study the synchronization of fractional-order chaotic systems. We begin our theoretical work with the Caputo fractional derivative. Then, we give the FCS of the fractional-order chaotic systems in theory. Subsequently, we take the fractional-order unified chaotic system as a concrete example to test the effectiveness of our method. Finally, we make a short conclusion.

    As for the fractional derivative, there exists a lot of mathematical definitions [32,33]. Here, we shall only adopt the Caputo fractional calculus, which allows the traditional initial and boundary condition assumptions. The Caputo fractional calculus is described by

    dqf(t)dtq=1Γ(qn)t0f(n)(ξ)(tξ)qn+1dξ,n1<q<n. (2.1)

    Here, we give the function cascade synchronization method to fractional-order chaotic systems. Take a fractional-order dynamical system:

    dqxdtq=f(x)=Lx+N(x) (2.2)

    as a drive system. In the above x=(x1,x2,x3)T is the state vector, f:R3R3 is a continuous function, Lx and N(x) represent the linear and nonlinear part of f(x), respectively.

    Firstly, on copying any two equations of (2.2), such as the first two, one will obtain a sub-response system:

    dqydtq=L1y+N1(y,x3)+˜U (2.3)

    with y=(X1,Z)T. In the above, x3 is a signal provided by (2.2), while ˜U=(u1,u2)T is a controller to be devised.

    For the purpose of realizing the synchronization, we now define the error vector function via

    ˜e=y˜Q(˜x)˜x (2.4)

    where ˜e=(e1,e2)T, ˜x=(x1,x2)T and ˜Q(˜x)=diag(Q1(x1),Q2(x2)).

    Definition 1. For the drive system (2.2) and response system (2.3), one can say that the synchronization is achieved with a scaling function matrix ˜Q(˜x) if there exists a suitable controller ˜U such that

    limt||˜e||=limt||y˜Q(˜x)˜x||=0. (2.5)

    Remark 1. We would like to point out that one can have various different choices on the scaling function ˜Q(˜x), such as constant, power function, trigonometric function, hyperbola function, logarithmic and exponential function, as well as limited quantities of combinations and composite of the above functions. Particularly, when ˜Q(˜x)=I and I (I being a unit matrix), the problem is reducible to the complete synchronization and anti-phase synchronization of fractional-order chaotic systems, respectively. When ˜Q(˜x)=αI, it becomes to the project synchronization. And when ˜Q(˜x) = diag(α1,α2), it turns to the modified projective synchronization. Hence, our method is more general than the existing methods in [4,13].

    It is noticed from (2.5) that the system (2.3) will synchronize with (2.2) if and only if the error dynamical system (2.5) is stable at zero. For this purpose, an appropriate controller ˜U such that (2.5) is asymptotical convergent to zero is designed, which is described in the following theorem.

    Theorem 1. For a scaling function matrix ˜Q(˜x), the FCS will happen between (2.2) and (2.3) if the conditions:

    (i) the controller ˜U is devised by

    ˜U=˜K˜eN1(y,x3)+˜Q(˜x)N1(˜x)+˜P(˜x)˜x (2.6)

    (ii) the matrix ˜K is a 2×2 matrix such that

    L1+˜K=˜C, (2.7)

    are satisfied simultaneously. In the above, ˜P(˜x)=diag(˙Q1(x1)dqx1dtq,˙Q2(x2)dqx2dtq), ˜K is a 2×2 function matrix to be designed. While ˜C=(˜Cij) is a 2×2 function matrix wherein

    ˜Cii>0and˜Cij=˜Cji,ij. (2.8)

    Remark 2. It needs to point out that the construction of the suitable controller ˜U plays an important role in realizing the synchronization between (2.2) and (2.3). Theorem 2 provides an effective way to design the controller. It is seen from the theorem that the controller ˜U is closely related to the matrix ˜C. Once the condition (2.8) is satisfied, one will has many choices on the controller ˜U.

    Remark 3. Based on the fact that the fractional orders themselves are varying parameters and can be applied as secret keys when the synchronization algorithm is adopted in secure communications, it is believed that our method will be more suitable for some engineering applications, such as chaos-based encryption and secure communication.

    Proof: Let's turn back to the error function given in (2.4). Differentiating this equation with respect to t and on use of the first two equations of (2.2) and (2.3), one will obtain the following dynamical system

    dq˜edtq=dqydtq˜Q(˜x)dqxdtq˜P(˜x)˜x=L1y+N1(y,x3)+˜U˜Q(˜x)[L1˜x+N1(˜x)]˜P(˜x)˜x=L1˜e+N1(y,x3)˜Q(˜x)N1(˜x)˜P(˜x)˜x+˜K˜eN1(y,x3)+˜Q(˜x)N1(˜x)+˜P(˜x)˜x=(L1+˜K)˜e. (2.9)

    Assuming that λ is an arbitrary eigenvalue of matrix L1+˜K and its eigenvector is recorded as η, i.e.

    (L1+˜K)η=λη,η0. (2.10)

    On multiplying (2.10) by ηH on the left, we obtain that

    ηH(L1+˜K)η=ληHη (2.11)

    where H denotes conjugate transpose. Since ˉλ is also an eigenvalue of L1+˜K, we have that

    ηH(L1+˜K)H=ˉληH. (2.12)

    On multiplying (2.12) by η on the right, we derive that

    ηH(L1+˜K)Hη=ˉληHη (2.13)

    From (2.11) and (2.13), one can easily get that

    λ+ˉλ=ηH[(L1+˜K)H+(L1+˜K)]η/ηHη=ηH(˜C+˜CH)η/ηHη=ηHΛη/ηHη (2.14)

    with Λ=˜C+˜CH. Since ˜C satisfy the condition (2.8), one can know that Λ denotes a real positive diagonal matrix. Thus we have ηHΛη>0. Accordingly, we can get

    λ+ˉλ=2Re(λ)=ηHΛη/ηHη<0, (2.15)

    which shows

    |argλ|>π2>qπ2. (2.16)

    According to the stability theorem in Ref. [34], the error dynamical system (2.9) is asymptotically stable, i.e.

    limt||˜e||=limt||y˜Q(˜x)˜x||=0, (2.17)

    which implies that synchronization can be achieved between (2.2) and (2.3). The proof is completed.

    Next, on copying the last two equations of (2.2), one will get another sub-response system:

    dqzdtq=L2z+N2(z,X1)+ˉU (2.18)

    where X1 is a synchronized variable in (2.3), z=(X2,X3)T and ˉU=(u3,u4)T is the controller being designed.

    Here, we make analysis analogous to the above. Now we define the error ˉe via

    ˜e=zˉQ(ˉx)ˉx (2.19)

    where ˉe=(e3,e4)T, ˉx=(x2,x3)T and ˉQ(ˉx)=diag(Q3(x2),Q4(x3)). If devising the the controller ˉU as

    ˉU=ˉKˉeN2(z,X1)+ˉQ(ˉx)N2(ˉx)+ˉP(ˉx)ˉx (2.20)

    and L2+ˉK satisfying

    L2+ˉK=ˉC (2.21)

    where ˉP(ˉx)=diag(˙Q3(x2)dqx2dtq,˙Q4(x3)dqx3dtq), ˉC=(ˉCij) denotes a 2×2 function matrix satisfying

    ˉCii>0andˉCij=ˉCji,ij, (2.22)

    then the error dynamical system (2.19) satisfies

    limt||ˉe||=limt||zˉQ(ˉx)ˉx||=0. (2.23)

    Therefore, one achieve the synchronization between the system (2.2) and (2.18). Accordingly, from (2.5) and (2.23), one can obtain that

    {limt||X1Q1(x1)x1||=0,limt||X2Q3(x2)x2||=0,limt||X3Q4(x3)x3||=0. (2.24)

    which indicates the FCS is achieved for the fractional order chaotic systems.

    In the sequel, we shall extend the applications of FCS approach to the fractional-order unified chaotic system to test the effectiveness.

    The fractional-order unified chaotic system is described by:

    {dqx1dtq=(25a+10)(x2x1),dqx2dtq=(2835a)x1x1x3+(29a1)x2,dqx3dtq=x1x2a+83x3, (3.1)

    where xi,(i=1,2,3) are the state parameters and a[0,1] is the control parameter. It is know that when 0a<0.8, the system (3.1) corresponds to the fractional-order Lorenz system [35]; when a=0.8, it is the Lü system [36]; while when 0.8<a<1, it turns to the Chen system [37].

    According to the FCS method in section 2, we take (3.1) as the drive system. On copying the first two equation, we get a sub-response system of (3.1):

    {dqX1dtq=(25a+10)(ZX1)+u1,dqZdtq=(2835a)X1Zx3+(29a1)Z+u2, (3.2)

    where ˜U=(u1,u2)T is a controller to be determined. In the following, we need to devise the desired controller ˜U such that (3.1) can be synchronized with (3.2). For this purpose, we set the error function ˜e=(e1,e2) via :

    ˜e=(e1,e2)=(X1x1(x21+α1),Zx2tanhx2). (3.3)

    On devising the controller ˜U as (2.6), one can get that the error dynamical system is

    dq˜edtq=(L1+˜K)˜e, (3.4)

    where

    L1=(1025a1025a2835a29a1),N1(y,x3)=(0X1x3). (3.5)

    If choosing, for example, the matrix ˜K as

    ˜K=(λ1+25a+10x1+x1x225ax1x1x2+35a38λ229a+1), (3.6)

    where λ1>0 and λ2>0, then one can obtain that

    ˜C=(λ1x1+x1x2+10x1x1x210λ2). (3.7)

    Therefore the dynamical system (3.4) becomes

    dq˜edtq=(λ1x1+x1x2x1x1x2λ2)˜e. (3.8)

    According to Theorem 2, the synchronization is realized in the system (3.1) and (3.2).

    Subsequently, on copying the last two equations of (3.1), we get another sub-response system:

    {qX2tq=(2835a)X1X1X3+(29a1)X2+u3,qX3tq=X1X2a+83X3+u4, (3.9)

    where ˉU=(u3, u4)T is the controller needed. When choosing the error function ˉe=(e3,e4) as:

    ˉe=(e3,e4)=(X2α2x2,X3x3(α3+ex3)), (3.10)

    and the controller ˉU as (2.20), where

    L2=(29a100a+83),N2(z,X1)=(X1X3X1X2), (3.11)

    and the matrix ˉK is chosen by

    ˉK=(λ329a+11+x2x3+ex31x2x3ex3λ4a+83), (3.12)

    where λ3>0 and λ4>0. Calculations show that the error dynamical system (2.19) becomes

    dqˉedtq=(λ31+x2x3+ex31x2x3ex3λ4)ˉe. (3.13)

    which, according to the stability theorem, indicates that ˉe will approach to zero with time evolutions. Therefore, the FCS is realized for the fractional-order unified chaotic system.

    In the above, we have revealed that the FCS is achieved for the fractional-order unified chaotic system in theory. In the sequel, we shall show that the FCS is also effective in the numerical algorithm.

    For illustration, we set the fractional order q=0.98 and the parameters λi(i=1,,4) as (λ1,λ2,λ3,λ4)=(2,3,0.5,0.3). It is noticed that when the value of a[0,1] is given, the system (3.1) will be reduced to a concrete system. For example, when a=0.2, it corresponds to the fractional-order Lorenz system. The chaotic attractors are depicted in Figure 1. Time responses of states variables and synchronization errors of the Lorenz system are showed in Figures 2 and 3, respectively. When a=0.8, it is the fractional-order Lü system. The chaotic attractors, time responses of state variables and synchronization errors are exhibited in Figures 46, respectively. When a=0.95, it turns to the fractional-order Chen system. Numerical simulation results are depicted in Figures 79. From the chaotic attractors pictures marked by Figures 1, 4 and 5, one can easily see that the trajectories of the response system (colored red) display certain consistency to that of the drive system (colored black) because of the special scaling functions chosen. Meanwhile, one can also see the synchronization is realized from Figures 3, 6 and 9. Therefore, we conclude that the FCS is a very effective algorithm for achieving the synchronization of the fractional-order unified chaotic system.

    Figure 1.  FCS of the fractional-order Lorenz system. Here we choose (α1,α2,α3)=(0.2,2,1.5), initial values (x1,x2,x3)=(1,0.5,0.2) and (X1,X2,X3)=(0.2,0.3,0.1).
    Figure 2.  Time responses of state variables xi and Xi(i=1,2,3) for the fractional-order Lorenz system.
    Figure 3.  Synchronization errors of the Lorenz system.
    Figure 4.  FCS of the fractional-order Lü system with a=0.8. Here we choose (α1,α2,α3)=(0.5,2.5), initial values (x1,x2,x3)=(0.5,0.5,0.2) and (X1,X2,X3)=(0.15,0.1,0.1).
    Figure 5.  Time responses of state variables xi and Xi(i=1,2,3) for the Lü system.
    Figure 6.  Synchronization errors of the Lü system.
    Figure 7.  FCS of the fractional-order Chen system with a=0.95. Here we choose (α1,α2,α3)=(0.5,1.5,3), initial values (x1,x2,x3)=(1.5,0.02,0.01) and (X1,X2,X3)=(2,0.01,0.05).
    Figure 8.  Time evolutions of state variables xi and Xi(i=1,2,3) for the Chen system.
    Figure 9.  Synchronization errors of the Chen system.

    Chaos synchronization, because of the potential applications in telecommunications, control theory, secure communication et al, has attracted great attentions from various research fields. In the present work, via the stability theorem, we successfully extend the cascade synchronization of integer-order chaotic systems to a kind of general function cascade synchronization algorithm for fractional-order chaotic systems. Meanwhile, we apply the method to the fractional-order unified chaotic system for an illustrative test. Corresponding numerical simulations fully reveal that our method is not only accuracy, but also effective.

    It is worthy of pointing out that the scaling function introduced makes the method more general than the complete synchronization, anti-phase synchronization, modified projective synchronization et al. Therefore, in this sense, our method is applicable and representative. However, the present work just study the fractional-order chaotic system without time-delay. It is known that in many cases the time delay is inevitably in the real engineering applications. Lag synchronization seems to be more practical and reasonable. Hence, it will be of importance and interest to study whether the FCS method can be used to realize the synchronization of fractional-order chaotic systems with time-delay. We shall considered it in our future work.

    The authors would like to express their sincere thanks to the referees for their kind comments and valuable suggestions. This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant No.11775116 and No.11301269.

    We declare that we have no conflict of interests.



    [1] Torres P, Manjate RS, Fernandes HR, et al. (2009) Incorporation of river silt in ceramic tiles and bricks. Ind Ceram 29: 5–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2008.05.045 doi: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2008.05.045
    [2] Safhi AE (2020) Valorization of dredged sediments in self-compacting concrete, optimization of the formulation and study of durability (In French)[PhD's thesis]. University of Sherbrooke, Canada and University of Lille, France. Available from: https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03161520.
    [3] Samara M (2007) Recovery of polluted river sediments in fired bricks after making them inert (In French)[PhD's thesis]. Ecole Centrale de Lille, France. Available from: https://theses.hal.science/tel-00713676.
    [4] Hamer K, Karius V (2002) Brick production with dredged harbour sediments. An industrial-scale experiment. Waste Manage 22: 521–530. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0956-053X(01)00048-4 doi: 10.1016/S0956-053X(01)00048-4
    [5] Romero M, Andrés A, Alonso R, et al. (2009) Phase evolution and microstructural characterization of sintered ceramic bodies from contaminated marine sediments. J Eur Ceram Soc 29: 15–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2008.04.038 doi: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2008.04.038
    [6] MEDD, Management of sediments extracted from rivers and canals. Water department and pollution and risk prevention department. Ministry of ecology and sustainable development, France, 2020. Available from: https://www.ecologie.gouv.fr/.
    [7] UNICEM, The French aggregate industry in 2019. UNICEM, 2021. Available from: https://www.unicem.fr/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/unpg-chiffres-2019-web.pdf.
    [8] Sheehan C, Harrington J, Murphy JD (2009) Dredging and dredged material beneficial reuse in Ireland. Terra et Aqua 115: 3–14.
    [9] Brakni S, Abriak NE, Hequette A (2009) Formulation of artificial aggregates from dredged harbour sediments for coastline stabilization. Environ Technol 30: 849–854. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330902990154 doi: 10.1080/09593330902990154
    [10] Mesrar L, Benamar A, Duchemin B, et al. (2021) Engineering properties of dredged sediments as a raw resource for fired bricks. Bull Eng Geol Environ 80: 2643–2658. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-020-02068-3 doi: 10.1007/s10064-020-02068-3
    [11] Bhatnagar JM, Goel RK, Gupta RG (1994) Brick-making characteristics of river sediments of the Southwest Bengal region of India. Constr Build Mater 8: 177–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0950-0618(09)90032-0 doi: 10.1016/S0950-0618(09)90032-0
    [12] Kazmi MS, Munir MJ, Patnaikuni I, et al. (2017) Thermal performance enhancement of eco-friendly bricks incorporating agro-wastes. Energy Build 158: 1117–1129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.10.056 doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.10.056
    [13] Fgaier FE (2013) Design, production and qualification of terracotta and raw earth bricks (In French)[PhD's thesis]. Ecole Centrale de Lille, France. Available from: https://hal.science/tel-01242549/.
    [14] Kornmann M (2009) Terracotta materials: Basic materials and manufacturing (In French). Techniques de l'Ingénieur CB1: C905v2.1–C905v2.20.
    [15] Bodian S, Faye M, Sene NA, et al. (2018) Thermo-mechanical behavior of unfired bricks and fired bricks made from a mixture of clay soil and laterite. J Build Eng 18: 172–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2018.03.014 doi: 10.1016/j.jobe.2018.03.014
    [16] Ducman V, Bizjak KF, Likar B, et al. (2022) Evaluation of sediments from the river Drava and their potential for further use in the building sector. Materials 15: 4303. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15124303 doi: 10.3390/ma15124303
    [17] Bruno AW, Gallipoli D, Perlot C, et al. (2019) Optimization of bricks production by earth hypercompaction prior to firing. J Clean Prod 214: 475–482. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.12.302 doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.12.302
    [18] Haurine F (2015) Characterization of recent clay deposition on French territory with a view to their valorization as fired bricks in construction material industry (In French)[PhD's thesis]. ENMP, France. Available from: https://hal.science/tel-01423865/.
    [19] Hussain M, Levacher D, Leblanc N, et al. (2020) Sediment-based fired brick strength optimization. A discussion on different approaches. XVIème Journées Nationales Génie Côtier—Génie Civil, Le Havre, France, 649–658. https://doi.org/10.5150/jngcgc.2020.072
    [20] Val-uses, From traditional uses to integrated use of sediments in Usumacinta river basin. Hypotheses, 2021. Available from: https://usumacinta.hypotheses.org/date/2021/03.
    [21] Djeran-Maigre I, Razakamanantsoa A, Levacher D, et al. (2023) A relevant characterization of Usumacinta river sediments for a reuse in earthen construction and agriculture. J S Am Earth Sci 125: 104317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2023.104317 doi: 10.1016/j.jsames.2023.104317
    [22] AFNOR NF X31-107, Soil quality—Determination of the particle size distribution of soil particles—pipette method (In French). AFNOR, 2003. Available from: https://www.boutique.afnor.org/fr-fr/norme/nf-x31107/qualite-du-sol-determination-de-la-distribution-granulometrique-des-particu/fa124875/21997.
    [23] AFNOR NF ISO 10694, Soil quality—Dosage of organic carbon and total carbon after dry combustion (elementary analysis) (In French). AFNOR, 1995. Available from: https://www.boutique.afnor.org/fr-fr/norme/nf-iso-10694/qualite-du-sol-dosage-du-carbone-organique-et-du-carbone-total-apres-combus/fa036274/356.
    [24] AFNOR XP P 94-047, Identification and testing—Determination of the weight percentage of organic matter in a material (In French). AFNOR, 1998. Available from: https://www.boutique.afnor.org/fr-fr/norme/xp-p94047/sols-reconnaissance-et-essais-determination-de-la-teneur-ponderale-en-matie/fa018765/16163.
    [25] AFNOR NF EN ISO 17892-12, Identification and testing—laboratory tests on soils—part 12: Determination of liquidity and plasticity limits (In French). AFNOR, 2018. Available from: https://www.boutique.afnor.org/fr-fr/norme/nf-en-iso-1789212/reconnaissance-et-essais-geotechniques-essais-de-laboratoire-sur-les-sols-p/fa187930/84021.
    [26] AFNOR NF P 94-068, Soil identification and testing—measurement of methylene blue adsorption capacity of a soil or rocky material—determination of the methylene blue value of a soil or rocky material by testing task (In French). AFMOR, 1998. Available from: https://www.boutique.afnor.org/fr-fr/norme/nf-p94068/sols-reconnaissance-et-essais-mesure-de-la-capacite-dadsorption-de-bleu-de-/fa043689/394.
    [27] AFNOR NF ISO 10390, Soil quality—Determination of pH (In French). AFNOR, 2005. Available from: https://www.boutique.afnor.org/fr-fr/norme/nf-iso-10390/qualite-du-sol-determination-du-ph/fa117123/25226.
    [28] AFNOR NF P 94-093, Determination of the compaction references of a material (In French). AFNOR, 1999. Available from: https://www.boutique.afnor.org/fr-fr/norme/nf-p94093/sols-reconnaissance-et-essais-determination-des-references-de-compactage-du/fa049409/16553.
    [29] Yamaguchi K (2019) Consideration of the sustainable utilization of the sediments in Usumacinta River[Master's thesis]. Kyoto University, Japan.
    [30] Karaman S, Ersahin S, Guna H (2006) Firing temperature and firing time influence on mechanical and physical properties of clay bricks. J Sci Ind Res 65: 153–159.
    [31] Johari I, Said S, Hisham B, et al. (2010) Effect of the change of firing temperature on microstructure and physical properties of clay bricks from Beruas (Malaysia). Sci Sinter 42: 245–254. https://doi.org/10.2298/SOS1002245J doi: 10.2298/SOS1002245J
    [32] Trindade MJ, Dias MI, Coroado J, et al. (2009) Mineralogical transformations of calcareous rich clays with firing: A comparative study between calcite and dolomite rich clays from Algarve, Portugal. Appl Clay Sci 42: 345–355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2008.02.008 doi: 10.1016/j.clay.2008.02.008
    [33] ASTM C1557-03, Standard test methods for tensile strength and young's modulus of fibers. American society for testing and analysis. ASTM International, 2004. Available from: https://webstore.ansi.org/standards/astm/astmc155703.
    [34] Dai Z, Zhou H, Zhang W, et al. (2019) The improvement in properties and environmental safety of fired clay bricks containing hazardous waste electroplating sludge: The role of Na2SiO3. J Clean Prod 228: 1455–1463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.04.274 doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.04.274
    [35] Koroneos C, Dompros A (2007) Environmental assessment of brick production in Greece. Build Environ 42: 2114–2123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2006.03.006 doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2006.03.006
    [36] Manoharan C, Sutharsan P, Dhanapandian S, et al. (2011) Analysis of temperature effect on ceramic brick production from alluvial deposits, Tamilnadu, India. Appl Clay Sci 54: 20–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2011.07.002 doi: 10.1016/j.clay.2011.07.002
    [37] Winkler HGF (1954) Significance of the grain size distribution and the mineral content of clays for the production of coarse ceramic products (In French). Ber DKG 31: 337–343.
    [38] Fonseca BS, Galhano CD, Seixas D (2015) Technical feasibility of reusing coal combustion by-products from a thermoelectric power plant in the manufacture of fired clay bricks. Appl Clay Sci 104: 189–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2014.11.030 doi: 10.1016/j.clay.2014.11.030
    [39] Taha Y (2017) Valorization of the mining waste in the manufacturing of fired bricks: Technical and environmental assessments (In French)[PhD's thesis]. University of Quebec in Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Canada. Available from: https://depositum.uqat.ca/id/eprint/697/.
    [40] Vasić MV, Goel G, Vasić M, et al. (2021) Recycling of waste coal dust for the energy-efficient fabrication of bricks: A laboratory to industrial-scale study. Environ Technol Innov 21: 101350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2020.101350 doi: 10.1016/j.eti.2020.101350
    [41] Elert K, Cultrone G, Navarro CR, et al. (2003) Durability of bricks used in the conservation of historic buildings—influence of composition and microstructure. J Cult Herit 4: 91–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1296-2074(03)00020-7 doi: 10.1016/S1296-2074(03)00020-7
    [42] Kreimeyer R (1986) Some notes on the firing colour of clay bricks. Appl Clay Sci 2: 175–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-1317(87)90007-X doi: 10.1016/0169-1317(87)90007-X
    [43] Cultrone G, Sidraba I, Sebastian E (2005) Mineralogical and physical characterization of the bricks used in the construction of the Triangul Bastion, Riga (Latvia). Appl Clay Sci 28: 297–308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2004.02.005 doi: 10.1016/j.clay.2004.02.005
    [44] ASTM C62-17, Standard Specification for Building Brick (solid masonry units made from clay or shale). ASTM International, 2017. Available from: https://www.astm.org/workitem-wk83286.
    [45] Dalle MA, Le TTH, Meftah F, et al., Experimental study of the mechanical behavior of fired bricks (In French). National Masonry Day, 2020. Available from: http://www.ctmnc.fr/images/gallerie/Etude_experimentale_comportement_mecanique_brique_terre_cuite_CTMNC_INSA_Rennes_JNM_2021.pdf.
    [46] Tsega E, Mosisa A, Fufa F (2017) Effects of firing time and temperature on physical properties of fired clay bricks. Am J Civ Eng 5: 21–26. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajce.20170501.14 doi: 10.11648/j.ajce.20170501.14
    [47] Djeran-Maigre I, Morsel A, Hussain M, et al. (2022) Behaviour of masonry lateral loaded walls made with sediment-based bricks from the Usumacinta river (Mexico). Clean Eng Technol 11: 100587. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clet.2022.100587 doi: 10.1016/j.clet.2022.100587
    [48] Fódi A (2011) Effects influencing the compressive strength of a solid, fired clay brick. Civil Eng 55: 117–128. https://doi.org/10.3311/pp.ci.2011-2.04 doi: 10.3311/pp.ci.2011-2.04
    [49] Quero VGJ, Paz JG, Guzmán MO (2021) Alternatives for improving the compressive strength of clay-based bricks. J Phys Conf Ser 1723: 012027. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1723/1/012027 doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1723/1/012027
  • This article has been cited by:

    1. Shengliang Zhang, A meshless multi-symplectic local radial basis function collocation scheme for the “good” Boussinesq equation, 2022, 431, 00963003, 127297, 10.1016/j.amc.2022.127297
    2. Minghung Lin, Yiyou Hou, Maryam A. Al-Towailb, Hassan Saberi-Nik, The global attractive sets and synchronization of a fractional-order complex dynamical system, 2023, 8, 2473-6988, 3523, 10.3934/math.2023179
    3. Yanyun Xie, Wenliang Cai, Jing Wang, Jesus M. Munoz-Pacheco, Stability and Synchronization of a Fractional‐Order Unified System with Complex Variables, 2024, 2024, 1026-0226, 10.1155/2024/2728661
    4. Shaohui Yan, Hanbing Zhang, Defeng Jiang, Jiawei Jiang, Yu Cui, Yuyan Zhang, Finite-time synchronization of fractional-order chaotic system based on hidden attractors, 2023, 98, 0031-8949, 105226, 10.1088/1402-4896/acf308
    5. Haifeng Huang, Investigation of a high-performance control algorithm for a unified chaotic system synchronization control based on parameter adaptive method, 2024, 18724981, 1, 10.3233/IDT-240178
  • Reader Comments
  • © 2023 the Author(s), licensee AIMS Press. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)
通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
  • 1. 

    沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

  1. 本站搜索
  2. 百度学术搜索
  3. 万方数据库搜索
  4. CNKI搜索

Metrics

Article views(2013) PDF downloads(145) Cited by(1)

Figures and Tables

Figures(7)  /  Tables(11)

/

DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
Return
Return

Catalog