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Research article Special Issues

Analysis and modeling of fractional electro-osmotic ramped flow of chemically reactive and heat absorptive/generative Walters'B fluid with ramped heat and mass transfer rates

  • Received: 19 January 2021 Accepted: 08 March 2021 Published: 30 March 2021
  • MSC : 26A33, 35R11, 76D05

  • In this contemporary era, fractional derivatives are widely used for the development of mathematical models to precisely describe the dynamics of real-world physical processes. In the field of fluid mechanics, analysis of thermal performance and flow behavior of non-Newtonian fluids is a topic of interest for a variety of researchers due to their significant applications in several industries, engineering operations, devices, and thermal equipment. The primary focus of this article is to investigate the effectiveness of jointly imposed time-controlled (ramped) boundary conditions in the electro-osmotic flow of a chemically reactive and radiative Walters' B fluid along with concentration and energy distributions. In Particular, the concept of using piece-wise time-dependent mass, motion, and energy conditions simultaneously for any non-Newtonian fluid is extensively explored in this work. The flow is developed due to the motion of the bounding vertical wall, which is suspended in a porous material subject to heat injection/absorption and uniform magnetic influences. Atangana-Baleanu derivative of order ψ is incorporated to establish the fractional form of ordinary modeled equations. Laplace transform method is adapted in light of some unit-less quantities to procure the exact solutions of the under observation model. Several graphical delineations are produced to comprehensively analyze the key characteristics of many physical and thermal parameters. To highlight the significance of operating surface conditions, solutions are compared for time-dependent and constant boundary conditions in every graph. Furthermore, the role of the fractional parameter, time-dependent conditions, and different other involved parameters in heat transfer, mass transfer, and flow rates is characterized by determining the expressions for Nusselt and Sherwood number and coefficient of skin friction. The numerical outcomes are organized in several tables to deeply scrutinize the noteworthy variations in the behavior of the aforementioned physical quantities. The graphical study reveals that the parameter Es accounting for electro-osmotic effects decelerates the flow of fluid. At the atomic level, such electro-osmotic flows are useful in the separation processes of the liquids. The fractional parameter ψ attenuates thicknesses of boundary layers for the evolution of time t but, it exhibits an opposite role for smaller values of t. It is also noted that the direct correspondence between velocity and time at the boundary for time duration t<1 plays a supportive part to effectively control the flow. The exercise tolerance level of cardiac patients is anticipated by following a ramped velocity based protocol. The fractional models are more effective than ordinary models for restricting the boundary shear stress. The occurrence of a chemical reaction leads to improving the mass transfer rate. Additionally, augmentation in heat transfer rate due to the ramped heating technique indicates the significance of this technique in cooling processes. The findings of this work are helpful for clear and comprehensive understanding of electro-osmotic flow of Walters' B fluid in a fractional framework together with chemically reacted mass transfer and thermally radiative heat transfer phenomena subject to wall ramping technique.

    Citation: Asifa, Poom Kumam, Talha Anwar, Zahir Shah, Wiboonsak Watthayu. Analysis and modeling of fractional electro-osmotic ramped flow of chemically reactive and heat absorptive/generative Walters'B fluid with ramped heat and mass transfer rates[J]. AIMS Mathematics, 2021, 6(6): 5942-5976. doi: 10.3934/math.2021352

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  • In this contemporary era, fractional derivatives are widely used for the development of mathematical models to precisely describe the dynamics of real-world physical processes. In the field of fluid mechanics, analysis of thermal performance and flow behavior of non-Newtonian fluids is a topic of interest for a variety of researchers due to their significant applications in several industries, engineering operations, devices, and thermal equipment. The primary focus of this article is to investigate the effectiveness of jointly imposed time-controlled (ramped) boundary conditions in the electro-osmotic flow of a chemically reactive and radiative Walters' B fluid along with concentration and energy distributions. In Particular, the concept of using piece-wise time-dependent mass, motion, and energy conditions simultaneously for any non-Newtonian fluid is extensively explored in this work. The flow is developed due to the motion of the bounding vertical wall, which is suspended in a porous material subject to heat injection/absorption and uniform magnetic influences. Atangana-Baleanu derivative of order ψ is incorporated to establish the fractional form of ordinary modeled equations. Laplace transform method is adapted in light of some unit-less quantities to procure the exact solutions of the under observation model. Several graphical delineations are produced to comprehensively analyze the key characteristics of many physical and thermal parameters. To highlight the significance of operating surface conditions, solutions are compared for time-dependent and constant boundary conditions in every graph. Furthermore, the role of the fractional parameter, time-dependent conditions, and different other involved parameters in heat transfer, mass transfer, and flow rates is characterized by determining the expressions for Nusselt and Sherwood number and coefficient of skin friction. The numerical outcomes are organized in several tables to deeply scrutinize the noteworthy variations in the behavior of the aforementioned physical quantities. The graphical study reveals that the parameter Es accounting for electro-osmotic effects decelerates the flow of fluid. At the atomic level, such electro-osmotic flows are useful in the separation processes of the liquids. The fractional parameter ψ attenuates thicknesses of boundary layers for the evolution of time t but, it exhibits an opposite role for smaller values of t. It is also noted that the direct correspondence between velocity and time at the boundary for time duration t<1 plays a supportive part to effectively control the flow. The exercise tolerance level of cardiac patients is anticipated by following a ramped velocity based protocol. The fractional models are more effective than ordinary models for restricting the boundary shear stress. The occurrence of a chemical reaction leads to improving the mass transfer rate. Additionally, augmentation in heat transfer rate due to the ramped heating technique indicates the significance of this technique in cooling processes. The findings of this work are helpful for clear and comprehensive understanding of electro-osmotic flow of Walters' B fluid in a fractional framework together with chemically reacted mass transfer and thermally radiative heat transfer phenomena subject to wall ramping technique.



    As usual, let D be the unit disk in the complex plane C, D be the boundary of D, H(D) be the class of functions analytic in D and H be the set of bounded analytic functions in D. Let 0<p<. The Hardy space Hp (see [5]) is the sets of fH(D) with

    fpHp=sup0<r<112π2π0|f(reiθ)|pdθ<.

    Suppose that K:[0,)[0,) is a right-continuous and nondecreasing function with K(0)=0. The Dirichlet Type spaces DK, consists of those functions fH(D), such that

    f2DK=|f(0)|2+D|f(z)|2K(1|z|2)dA(z)<.

    The space DK has been extensively studied. Note that K(t)=t, it is Hardy spaces H2. When K(t)=tα, 0α<1, it give the classical weighted Dirichlet spaces Dα. For more information on DK, we refer to [3,7,8,9,10,14,15,16,19,23].

    Let ϕ be a holomorphic self-map of D. The composition operator Cϕ on H(D) is defined by

    Cϕ(f)=fϕ,  fH(D).

    It is an interesting problem to studying the properties related to composition operator acting on analytic function spaces. For example: Shapiro [17] introduced Nevanlinna counting functions studied the compactness of composition operator acting on Hardy spaces. Zorboska [23] studied the boundedness and compactness of composition operator on weighted Dirichlet spaces Dα. El-Fallah, Kellay, Shabankhah and Youssfi [7] studied composition operator acting on Dirichlet type spaces Dpα by level set and capacity. For general weighted function ω, Kellay and Lefèvre [9] using Nevanlinna type counting functions studied the boundedness and compactness of composition spaces on weighted Hilbert spaces Hω. After Kellay and Lefèvre's work, Pau and Pérez investigate more properties of composition operators on weighted Dirichlet spaces Dα in [14]. For more information on composition operator, we refer to [4,18].

    We assume that H is a separable Hilbert space of analytic functions in the unit disc. Composition operator Cϕ is called power bounded on H if Cϕn is bounded on H for all nN.

    Since power bounded composition operators is closely related to mean ergodic and some special properties (such as: stable orbits) of ϕ, it has attracted the attention of many scholars. Wolf [20,21] studied power bounded composition operators acting on weighted type spaces Hυ. Bonet and Domański [1,2] proved that Cϕ is power bounded if and only if Cϕ is (uniformly) mean ergodic in real analytic manifold (or a connected domain of holomorphy in Cd). Keshavarzi and Khani-Robati [11] studied power bounded of composition operator acting on weighted Dirichlet spaces Dα. Keshavarzi [12] investigated the power bounded below of composition operator acting on weighted Dirichlet spaces Dα later. For more results related to power bounded composition operators acting on other function spaces, we refer to the paper cited and referin [1,2,11,12,20,21].

    We always assume that K(0)=0, otherwise, DK is the Dirichlet space D. The following conditions play a crucial role in the study of weighted function K during the last few years (see [22]):

    10φK(s)sds< (1.1)

    and

    1φK(s)s2ds<, (1.2)

    where

    φK(s)=sup0t1K(st)/K(t),0<s<.

    Note that the weighted function K satisfies (1.1) and (1.2), it included many special case, such as K(t)=tp, 0<p<1, K(t)=loget and so on. Some special skills are needed in dealing with certain problems. Motivated by [11,12], using several estimates on the weight function K, we studying power bounded composition operators acting on DK. In this paper, the symbol ab means that aba. We say that ab if there exists a constant C such that aCb, where a,b>0.

    We assume that H is a separable Hilbert space of analytic functions in the unit disc. Let RH(D) and {Rζ:ζD} be an independent collection of reproducing kernels for H. Here Rζ(z)=R(ˉζz). The reproducing kernels mean that f(ζ)=f,Rζ for any fH. Let RK,z be the reproducing kernels for DK. By [3], we see that if K satisfy (1.1) and (1.2), we have RK,zDK1K(1|z|2). Before we go into further, we need the following lemma.

    Lemma 1. Let K satisfies (1.1) and (1.2). Then

    1+n=1tnK(1n+1)1(1t)K(1t)

    for all 0t<1.

    Proof. Without loss of generality, we can assume 4/5<t<1. Since K is nondecreasing, we have

    n=1tnK(1n+1)1(ln1t)K(ln1t)lntγeγK(ln1t)K(1γln1t)dγ1(1t)K(1t)ln2γeγK(ln1t)K(1γln1t)dγ1(1t)K(1t)ln2γeγdγ1(1t)K(1t).

    Conversely, make change of variables y=1x, an easy computation gives

    n=1tnK(1n+1)n=11n1n+1t1xx2K(x)dx10t1xx2K(x)dx1tyK(1y)dy.

    Let y=γlnt. We can deduce that

    n=1tnK(1n+1)1(ln1t)lntγeγK(1γln1t)dγ=1(ln1t)K(ln1t)lntγeγK(ln1t)K(1γln1t)dγ1(1t)K(1t)lntγeγφK(γ)dγ.

    By [6], under conditions (1.1) and (1.2), there exists an enough small c>0 only depending on K such that

    φK(s)sc, 0<s1

    and

    φK(s)s1c, s1.

    Therefore,

    n=1tnK(1n+1)1(1t)K(1t)lntγeγφK(γ)dγ1(1t)K(1t)(0eγγ2cdγ+0eγγ1+cdγ)1(1t)K(1t)(Γ(3c)+Γ(2+c)),

    where Γ(.) is the Gamma function. It follows that

    1+n=1tnK(1n+1)1(1t)K(1t).

    The proof is completed.

    Theorem 1. Let K satisfy (1.1) and (1.2). Suppose that ϕ is an analytic selt-map of unit disk which is not the identity or an elliptic automorphism. Then Cϕ is power bounded on DK if and only if ϕ has its Denjoy-Wolff point in D and for every 0<r<1, we have

    supnN,aDD(a,r)Nϕn,K(z)dA(z)(1|a|2)2K(1|a|2)<,(A)

    where

    D(a,r)={z:|az1¯az|<r},  0<r<1

    and

    Nϕn,K(z)=ϕn(zj)=wK(1|zj(w)|2).

    Proof. Suppose that wD is the Denjoy-Wolff point of ϕ and (A) holds. Then limnϕn(0)=w. Hence, there is some 0<r<1 such that {ϕn(0)}nNrD. Thus,

    |f(ϕn(0))|2RK,ϕn(0)2DKRK,r2DK,  fDK.

    From [24], we see that

    1|a|1|z||1¯az|,  zD(a,r).(B)

    Let {ai} be a r-lattice. By sub-mean properties of |f|, combine with (B), we deduce

    D|f(z)|2Nϕn,KdA(z)i=1D(ai,r)|f(z)|2Nϕn,K(z)dA(z)i=1D(ai,r)1(1|ai|)2D(ai,l)|f(w)|2dA(w)Nϕn,K(z)dA(z)i=1D(ai,l)|f(w)|2(D(ai,r)Nϕn,K(z)dA(z)(1|ai|)2K(1|ai|2))K(1|w|2)dA(w)i=1D(ai,l)|f(w)|2K(1|w|2)dA(w)<.

    Thus,

    fϕn2DK=|f(ϕn(0))|2+D|f(z)|2Nϕn,KdA(z)<.

    On the other hand. Suppose that Cϕ is power bounded on DK. Hence, for any fDK and any nN, we have |f(ϕn(0))|1. Hence, by [3], it is easily to see that RK,ϕn(0)DK1K(1|ϕn(0)|2)1. Note that

    lim|z|1RK,zDKlim|z|11K(1|z|)=.

    Therefore, we deduce that ϕn(0)rD, where 0<r<1 and nN. Also note that if w¯D is the Denjoy-Wolff point of ϕ, we have limnϕn(0)=w. Thus, wD. Let

    fa(z)=1|a|2¯aK(1|a|2)(1¯az).

    It is easily to verify that faDK and fa(z)=1|a|2K(1|a|2)(1¯az)2. Thus, combine with (B), we have

    D(a,r)Nϕn,K(z)dA(z)(1|a|2)2K(1|a|2)D(a,r)(1|a|2)2K(1|a|2)|1¯az|4Nϕn,K(z)dA(z)D(1|a|2)2K(1|a|2)|1¯az|4Nϕn,K(z)dA(z)faϕn2DK<.

    Thus, (A) hold. The proof is completed.

    Theorem 2. Let K satisfy (1.1) and (1.2). Suppose that ϕ is an analytic selt-map of unit disk which is not the identity or an elliptic automorphism with w as its Denjoy-wolff point. Then Cϕ is power bounded on DK if and only if

    (1). wD.

    (2). {ϕn} is a bounded sequence in DK.

    (3). If nN and |a|1+|ϕn(0)|2, then Nϕn,K(a)K(1|a|2)1.

    Proof. Suppose that Cϕ is power bounded on DK. By Theorem 1, we see that wD. Note that zDK and ϕn=Cϕnz, we have (2) hold. Now, we are going to show (3) hold. Let |a|1+|ϕn(0)|2 and Δ(a)={z:|za|<12(1|a|)}. Thus,

    |ϕn(0)|<|z|,  zΔ(a).

    If K satisfy (1.1) and (1.2). By [9], Nϕn,K has sub-mean properties. Thus,

    Nϕn,K(a)K(1|a|2)Δ(a)Nϕn,K(z)dA(z)(1|a|2)2K(1|a|2)Δ(a)(1|a|2)2K(1|a|2)|1¯az|4Nϕn,K(z)dA(z)D(1|a|2)2K(1|a|2)|1¯az|4Nϕn,K(z)dA(z)fϕn2DK<.

    Conversely. Suppose that (1)–(3) holds. Let fDK. Note that zDK, z=1 and 1+|ϕn(0)|2<1. By Lemma 1, we see that

    RK,1+|ϕn(0)|22DK1(11+|ϕn(0)|2)K(11+|ϕn(0)|2)<.

    Thus,

    D|f(z)|2Nϕn,K(z)dA(z)=|z|1+|ϕn(0)|2|f(z)|2Nϕn,K(z)dA(z)+|z|<1+|ϕn(0)|2|f(z)|2Nϕn,K(z)dA(z)|z|1+|ϕn(0)|2|f(z)|2K(1|z|2)dA(z)+RK,1+|ϕn(0)|22DK|z|<1+|ϕn(0)|2Nϕn,K(z)dA(z)f2DK+RK,1+|ϕn(0)|22DKϕn2DK<.

    The proof is completed.

    Theorem 3. Let K satisfy (1.1) and (1.2). Suppose that ϕ is an analytic selt-map of D with Denjoy-Wolff point w and Cϕ is power bounded on DK. Then fΓc,K(ϕ) if and only if for any ϵ>0,

    limnΩϵ(f)Nϕn,K(z)dA(z)(1|z|2)2K(1|z|2)=0,(C)

    where Γc,K(ϕ)={fDK: Cϕnf is convergent} and Ωϵ(f)={z:(1|z|2)2K(1|z|2)|f(z)|2ϵ}.

    Proof. Let fDK and (C) hold. For any δ>0, we choose 0<ϵ<δ and ϵ is small enough such that

    Ωϵ(f)c|f(z)|2K(1|z|2)dA(z)<δ.

    By our assumption, we also know that for this ϵ, there is some NN such that for each nN, we have

    Ωϵ(f)Nϕn,K(z)(1|z|2)2K(1|z|2)dA(z)<δ.

    Since

    |f(z)|fDK(1|z|2)K(1|z|2), fDK.

    We obtain

    Ωϵ(f)|f(z)|2Nϕn,K(z)dA(z)f2DKΩϵ(f)Nϕn,K(z)(1|z|2)2K(1|z|2)dA(z)<δf2DK

    and

    Ωϵ(f)c|f(z)|2Nϕn,K(z)dA(z)=Ωϵ(f)crD|f(z)|2Nϕn,K(z)dA(z)+Ωϵ(f)crD|f(z)|2Nϕn,K(z)dA(z)ϵΩϵ(f)crDNϕn,K(z)(1|z|2)2K(1|z|2)dA(z)+Ωϵ(f)crD|f(z)|2K(1|z|2)dA(z)ϵΩϵ(f)crDNϕn,K(z)(1r2)2K(1r2)dA(z)+Ωϵ(f)c|f(z)|2K(1|z|2)dA(z)<δϕn2DK(1r2)2K(1r2)+δ.

    Thus,

    D|f(z)|2Nϕn,K(z)dA(z)=Ωϵ(f)|f(z)|2Nϕn,K(z)dA(z)+Ωϵ(f)c|f(z)|2Nϕn,K(z)dA(z)(f2DK+ϕn2DK(1r2)2K(1r2)+1)δ.

    Conversely. Suppose that fDK and w is the Denjoy-Wolff point of ϕ. Thus, fϕnf(w) uniform convergent and fΓc,K(ϕ) if and only if

    limnD|f(z)|2Nϕn,K(z)dA(z)=0.

    Suppose there exist ϵ>0 such that (C) dose not hold. There is a sequence {nk}N and some η>0 such that for any kN, we have

    Ωϵ(f)Nϕn,K(z)dA(z)(1|z|2)2K(1|z|2)>η.

    Hence,

    D|f(z)|2Nϕn,K(z)dA(z)Ωϵ(f)|f(z)|2Nϕn,K(z)dA(z)ϵΩϵ(f)Nϕn,K(z)(1|z|2)2K(1|z|2)dA(z)>ηϵ.

    That is a contradiction. The proof is completed.

    The composition operator Cϕ is called power bounded below if there exists some C>0 such that CϕnfHCfH, for all fH and nN.

    In this section, we are going to show the equivalent characterizations of composition operator Cϕ power bounded below on DK. Before we get into prove, let us recall some notions.

    (1) We say that {Gn}, a sequence of Borel subsets of D satisfies the reverse Carleson condition on DK if there exists some positive constant δ such that for each fDK,

    δGn|f(z)|2K(1|z|2)dA(z)D|f(z)|2K(1|z|2)dA(z).

    (2) We say that {μn}, a sequence of Carleson measure on D satisfies the reverse Carleson condition, if there exists some positive constant δ and 0<r<1 such that

    μn(D(a,r))>δ|D(a,r)|

    for each aD and nN.

    Theorem 4. Let K satisfy (1.1) and (1.2). Suppose that ϕ is an analytic selt-map of D and Cϕ is power bounded on DK. Then the following are equivalent.

    (1). Cϕ is power bounded below.

    (2). There exists some δ>0 such that Cϕnfaδ for all aD and nN.

    (3). There exists some δ>0 and ϵ>0 such that for all aD and nN,

    Gϵ(n)|fa(z)|2K(1|z|2)dA(z)>δ,

    where Gϵ(n)={zD:Nϕn,K(z)K(1|z|2)ϵ}.

    (4). There is some ϵ>0 such that the sequence of measures {χGϵ(n)dA} satisfies the reverse Carleson condition.

    (5). The sequence of measures {Nϕn,K(z)K(1|z|2)dA} satisfies the reverse Carleson condition.

    (6). There is some ϵ>0 such that the sequence of Borel sets {Gϵ(n)} satisfies the reverse Carleson condition.

    Proof. Suppose that w is the Denjoy-Wolff point of ϕ. By Theorem 2, wD. Without loss of generality, we use φwϕφw instead of ϕ.

    (1)(2). It is obvious.

    (3)(4). By [6], there exist a small c>0 such that K(t)tc is nondecreasing (0<t<1). Thus, the proof is similar to [18,page 5]. Let 0<r<1 and C>0 such that

    DrDK(1|z|2)dA(z)K(1r2)(1r2)cDrD(1|z|2)cdA(z)>1Cδ2.

    Making change of variable z=φa(w)=az1¯az, we obtain

    Cδ2rDK(1|z|2)dA(z))=D(a,r)(1|a|2)2|1¯aw|4K(1|φa(w)|2)dA(w)CD(a,r)(1|a|2)2K(1|a|2)|1¯aw|4K(1|w|2)dA(w)=CD(a,r)|fa(w)|2K(1|w|2)dA(w).

    Thus,

    D(a,r)Gϵ(n)|fa(z)|2K(1|z|2)dA(z)=Gϵ(n)|fa(z)|2K(1|z|2)dA(z)D(a,r)|fa(z)|2K(1|z|2)dA(z)δδ2=δ2.

    (2)(3). Let r=supnN1+|ϕn(0)|2. We claim that: there exists some ϵ>0 and some δ>0 such that for all aD and nN,

    rD|fa(z)|2Nϕn,K(z)dA(z)>δ

    or

    Gϵ(n)|fa(z)|2K(1|z|2)dA(z)>δ.

    Suppose that there are no ϵ,δ>0 such that the above inequalities hold. Thus, there exists sequences {ak}D and {nk}N such that

    rD|fak(z)|2Nϕnk,K(z)dA(z)<1k

    or

    Gϵ(n)|fak(z)|2K(1|z|2)dA(z)<1k.

    Hence,

    D|fa(z)|2Nϕnk,K(z)dA(z)=rD|fa(z)|2Nϕnk,K(z)dA(z)+G1k(nk)rD|fa(z)|2Nϕnk,K(z)dA(z)+D(G1k(nk)rD)|fa(z)|2Nϕnk,K(z)dA(z)1k+Lk+ηk0,

    as k. Where

    L=sup|a|1+|ϕn(0)|2,nNNϕn,K(a)K(1|a|2),  η=supaDfa2DK.

    This contradict (2), so our claim hold. Let ϵ,δ>0 be as in above. Since fa0, uniformly on the compact subsets of D, as |a|1, there exists some 0<s<1 such that for all |a|>s, we have

    rD|fa(z)|2Nϕnk,K(z)dA(z)fa|rD2Hϕn2DKδ.

    That is, for |a|>s, we deduce that

    Gϵ(n)|fa(z)|2K(1|z|2)dA(z)>δ.

    Similar to the proof of (3)(4), there must be α,β>0 such that

    |Gϵ(n)D(a,α)|>β|D(a,α)|, |a|>s,  nN.

    Therefore,

    Gϵ(n)D(a,α)K(1|z|2)dA(z)βD(a,α)K(1|z|2)dA(z), |a|>s,  nN.

    Now if {ak} is a α-lattice for D, we have

    k=1Gϵ(n)D(ak,α)K(1|z|2)dA(z)βk=1D(ak,α)K(1|z|2)dA(z), |a|>s,  nN.

    Therefore,

    Gϵ(n)K(1|z|2)dA(z)1  nN.

    For any |a|s, we obtain |fa(z)|(1s2)2K2(1s2). Hence,

    Gϵ(n)|fa(z)|2K(1|z|2)dA(z)(1s2)2K2(1s2)Gϵ(n)K(1|z|2)dA(z)1.

    Therefore, (3) hold.

    (5)(2). Let aD. Then

    D|fa(z)|2Nϕnk,K(z)dA(z)D(a,r)|fa(z)|2Nϕnk,K(z)dA(z)D(a,r)Nϕnk,K(z)K(1|z|2)dA(z)1.

    (4)(6). Note that Luecking using a long proof to show that G satisfies the reverse Carleson condition if and only if the measure χGdA(z) is a reverse Carleson measure. Simlar to the proof of [13], we omited here.

    (6)(1). Let fDK. Then

    Cϕnf2DK=|f(0)|2+D|f(z)|2Nϕn,K(z)dA(z)|f(0)|2+Gϵ(n)|fa(z)|2Nϕn,K(z)dA(z)|f(0)|2+ϵGϵ(n)|fa(z)|2K(1|z|2)dA(z)|f(0)|2+ϵδD|fa(z)|2K(1|z|2)dA(z)f2DK.

    Thus, it is easily to get our result. The proof is completed.

    In this paper, we give some equivalent characterizations of power bounded and power bounded below composition operator Cϕ on Dirichlet Type spaces, which generalize the main results in [11,12].

    The authors thank the referee for useful remarks and comments that led to the improvement of this paper. This work was supported by NNSF of China (No. 11801250, No.11871257), Overseas Scholarship Program for Elite Young and Middle-aged Teachers of Lingnan Normal University, Yanling Youqing Program of Lingnan Normal University, the Key Program of Lingnan Normal University (No. LZ1905), The Innovation and developing School Project of Guangdong Province (No. 2019KZDXM032) and Education Department of Shaanxi Provincial Government (No. 19JK0213).

    We declare that we have no conflict of interest.



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