Occurrence of plasmid mediated fluoroquinolone resistance genes amongst enteric bacteria isolated from human and animal sources in Delta State, Nigeria

EHWARIEME Daniel Ayobola; WHILIKI Onoriadjeren Oscar; EJUKONEMU Francis Ejovwokoghene; EHWARIEME Daniel Ayobola; WHILIKI Onoriadjeren Oscar; EJUKONEMU Francis Ejovwokoghene

doi:10.3934/microbiol.2021006

AIMS Microbiology

2021, Volume 7, Issue 1: 75-95. doi: 10.3934/microbiol.2021006

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Research article

Occurrence of plasmid mediated fluoroquinolone resistance genes amongst enteric bacteria isolated from human and animal sources in Delta State, Nigeria

1.
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
2.
Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Delta State Polytechnic, Otefe-Oghara, Nigeria

Received: 18 September 2020 Accepted: 07 January 2021 Published: 03 February 2021

Plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) is a public health challenge arising among other things, from indiscriminate use of the floroquinolones (FQr) prophylactically in animal husbandry. This study examines the occurrence of PMQR genes amongst enteric bacteria isolated from human and animal sources. A total of 720 (360 stool and 360 fish pond water/poultry litter) samples were examined for fluoroquinolone resistant (FQr) bacteria. Percentage FQr was generally higher among human isolates than isolates from animals. Proportion of PMQR amongst FQr isolates were (1.05 and 4.32) % for E. coli from human and animal sources. For Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Klebsiella spp. and Aeromonas spp., percentages PMQR were 0.00 & 6.93, 0.00 & 6.38, 4.26 & 5.26 and 0.00 &3.03 for human and animal sources respectively, for the isolates. The PMQR genes: qnrA, qnr B, qnr S and qep A were 11, 15, 7 and 1 amongst a total of 1018 FQr and 29 PMQR isolates respectively. The aac (6′)–Ib-cr gene was not detected in this study. Approximate Plasmid bands of PCR amplicon for qnr A, qnr B, qnr S and qep A respectively were established. The proportion of PMQR genes especially among isolates from animal sources is of public health concern due to the higher possibility of a horizontal FQ resistance transfer to humans.
- fluoroquinolones,
- enterobacteriaceae,
- animal husbandry
Citation: EHWARIEME Daniel Ayobola, WHILIKI Onoriadjeren Oscar, EJUKONEMU Francis Ejovwokoghene. Occurrence of plasmid mediated fluoroquinolone resistance genes amongst enteric bacteria isolated from human and animal sources in Delta State, Nigeria[J]. AIMS Microbiology, 2021, 7(1): 75-95. doi: 10.3934/microbiol.2021006

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Abstract

Plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) is a public health challenge arising among other things, from indiscriminate use of the floroquinolones (FQr) prophylactically in animal husbandry. This study examines the occurrence of PMQR genes amongst enteric bacteria isolated from human and animal sources. A total of 720 (360 stool and 360 fish pond water/poultry litter) samples were examined for fluoroquinolone resistant (FQr) bacteria. Percentage FQr was generally higher among human isolates than isolates from animals. Proportion of PMQR amongst FQr isolates were (1.05 and 4.32) % for E. coli from human and animal sources. For Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Klebsiella spp. and Aeromonas spp., percentages PMQR were 0.00 & 6.93, 0.00 & 6.38, 4.26 & 5.26 and 0.00 &3.03 for human and animal sources respectively, for the isolates. The PMQR genes: qnrA, qnr B, qnr S and qep A were 11, 15, 7 and 1 amongst a total of 1018 FQr and 29 PMQR isolates respectively. The aac (6′)–Ib-cr gene was not detected in this study. Approximate Plasmid bands of PCR amplicon for qnr A, qnr B, qnr S and qep A respectively were established. The proportion of PMQR genes especially among isolates from animal sources is of public health concern due to the higher possibility of a horizontal FQ resistance transfer to humans.

Acknowledgments

We are greatful to all staff of the biotechnology laboratory of the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan for their expertise We appreciate the reviewers of AIMS Microbiology whose comments greatly improved the manuscript significantly. The authors received no financial support for the research, authorship and/or publication of this article.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest. The authors certify that they have no link with any organization with any interest. All co-authors have seen and agreed with the contents of the manuscript and there is no financial interest to report.

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