Dynamic modeling of internal and external metabolites with energetic and oxidative agents in hyaluronic acid production by <i>Streptococcus equi</i> subsp. <i>zooepidemicus</i>

Benjamín Angel-Galindo; Rosa Isela Corona-González; Carlos Pelayo-Ortiz; J. Paulo García-Sandoval; Benjamín Angel-Galindo; Rosa Isela Corona-González; Carlos Pelayo-Ortiz; J. Paulo García-Sandoval

doi:10.3934/mbe.2025108

Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering

2025, Volume 22, Issue 11: 2923-2943. doi: 10.3934/mbe.2025108

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Research article

Dynamic modeling of internal and external metabolites with energetic and oxidative agents in hyaluronic acid production by Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus

Departamento de Ingeniería Química, CUCEI-Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. M. García Barragán 1451, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44430, México

Received: 28 May 2025 Revised: 16 August 2025 Accepted: 22 August 2025 Published: 18 September 2025

This study presents an ordinary differential equation (ODE) based hybrid kinetic-metabolic model to predict the time evolution of biomass, glucose, hyaluronic acid (HA), and lactic acid during fermentation by Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus. The model incorporates simplified metabolic pathways and estimates the qualitative dynamics of internal, unmeasured metabolites involved in glycolysis, biomass synthesis, and HA production. Special emphasis is placed on the energetic molecules ATP/ADP, as well as the coenzymes NADH/NAD⁺, which are involved in redox reactions. These molecules have been shown to play regulatory roles in metabolism. The model predictions closely match the experimental data and provide insights into how varying glucose levels affect intracellular metabolic fluxes.
- hyaluronic acid,
- modeling,
- metabolic flux analysis,
- Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus,
- ATP/ADP and NAD⁺/NADH ratios
Citation: Benjamín Angel-Galindo, Rosa Isela Corona-González, Carlos Pelayo-Ortiz, J. Paulo García-Sandoval. Dynamic modeling of internal and external metabolites with energetic and oxidative agents in hyaluronic acid production by Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus[J]. Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering, 2025, 22(11): 2923-2943. doi: 10.3934/mbe.2025108

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Abstract

This study presents an ordinary differential equation (ODE) based hybrid kinetic-metabolic model to predict the time evolution of biomass, glucose, hyaluronic acid (HA), and lactic acid during fermentation by Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus. The model incorporates simplified metabolic pathways and estimates the qualitative dynamics of internal, unmeasured metabolites involved in glycolysis, biomass synthesis, and HA production. Special emphasis is placed on the energetic molecules ATP/ADP, as well as the coenzymes NADH/NAD⁺, which are involved in redox reactions. These molecules have been shown to play regulatory roles in metabolism. The model predictions closely match the experimental data and provide insights into how varying glucose levels affect intracellular metabolic fluxes.

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