Research article

Maturity effect on the antioxidant activity of leaves and fruits of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton.) Hassk.

  • Received: 16 March 2022 Revised: 18 April 2022 Accepted: 25 April 2022 Published: 07 May 2022
  • Rhodomyrtus tomentosa has been used as a traditional medicine for a long time in Southeast Asia countries and also in Indonesia. It is believed that the phytochemical content of its fruit at different levels of ripeness may affect its antioxidant activity. Therefore, this study aims to determine the antioxidant activity, phenols and flavonoids contents, and their distribution in the leaves and fruits of R. tomentosa at different levels of maturity. The antioxidant activity was determined using DPPH and FRAP analysis. Furthermore, the total flavonoid and phenolic contents were analyzed using the colorimetric and Folin–Ciocalteu methods. The distribution of secondary metabolites in the leaves or fruits tissues was determined using histochemical analysis. Antioxidant capacity was analyzed using DPPH and FRAP, and a comparable result was obtained. The highest antioxidant activity was observed in the green fruit with the value of 1419.75 ± 3.48 and 1367.59 ± 9.12 μmol TE/g DW for DPPH and FRAP, respectively. The highest TFC value observed in the young leaves and green fruits of the ethanol extract was 96.375 ± 3.96 and 95.731 ± 5.42 mg QE/g DW, respectively. The highest TPC was found in the red fruits 50.772 ± 7.46 mgAGE/g DW. The histochemical analysis provided a clear distribution of flavonoid and phenolic within the leaves and fruits. It was found that both compounds accumulated in the epidermis, mesophyll, vascular bundles, secretory cavity, and parenchyma midrib of the leaves, and also in the exocarp and mesocarp endocarp, secretory cavity, vascular bundles, seed, trichomes of the fruits. This study showed that young leaves and green fruits have a higher potency of being a natural source of antioxidants and flavonoid compounds

    Citation: Evi Mintowati Kuntorini, Laurentius Hartanto Nugroho, Maryani, Tri Rini Nuringtyas. Maturity effect on the antioxidant activity of leaves and fruits of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton.) Hassk.[J]. AIMS Agriculture and Food, 2022, 7(2): 282-296. doi: 10.3934/agrfood.2022018

    Related Papers:

  • Rhodomyrtus tomentosa has been used as a traditional medicine for a long time in Southeast Asia countries and also in Indonesia. It is believed that the phytochemical content of its fruit at different levels of ripeness may affect its antioxidant activity. Therefore, this study aims to determine the antioxidant activity, phenols and flavonoids contents, and their distribution in the leaves and fruits of R. tomentosa at different levels of maturity. The antioxidant activity was determined using DPPH and FRAP analysis. Furthermore, the total flavonoid and phenolic contents were analyzed using the colorimetric and Folin–Ciocalteu methods. The distribution of secondary metabolites in the leaves or fruits tissues was determined using histochemical analysis. Antioxidant capacity was analyzed using DPPH and FRAP, and a comparable result was obtained. The highest antioxidant activity was observed in the green fruit with the value of 1419.75 ± 3.48 and 1367.59 ± 9.12 μmol TE/g DW for DPPH and FRAP, respectively. The highest TFC value observed in the young leaves and green fruits of the ethanol extract was 96.375 ± 3.96 and 95.731 ± 5.42 mg QE/g DW, respectively. The highest TPC was found in the red fruits 50.772 ± 7.46 mgAGE/g DW. The histochemical analysis provided a clear distribution of flavonoid and phenolic within the leaves and fruits. It was found that both compounds accumulated in the epidermis, mesophyll, vascular bundles, secretory cavity, and parenchyma midrib of the leaves, and also in the exocarp and mesocarp endocarp, secretory cavity, vascular bundles, seed, trichomes of the fruits. This study showed that young leaves and green fruits have a higher potency of being a natural source of antioxidants and flavonoid compounds



    加载中


    [1] Zhao ZF, Wu L, Xie J, et al. (2019) Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton.): A review of phytochemistry, pharmacology and industrial applications research progress. Food Chem 309: 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125715 doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125715
    [2] Maskam MF, Mohamad J, Abdulla MA, et al. (2014) Antioxidant activity of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (kemunting) fruits and its effect on lipid profile in induced–cholesterol New Zealand white rabbits. Sains Malays 43: 1673–1684.
    [3] Zhao GH, Zhang RF, Liu L, et al. (2017) Different thermal drying methods affect the phenolic profiles, their bioaccessibility and antioxidant activity in Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Ait.) Hassk berries. LWT–Food Sci Technol 79: 260–266. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2017.01.039 doi: 10.1016/j.lwt.2017.01.039
    [4] Nurcholis W, Putri DNS, Husnawati HASI, et al. (2021) Total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts from accessions of Amomum compactum fruits. Ann Agric Sci 66: 58–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aoas.2021.04.001 doi: 10.1016/j.aoas.2021.04.001
    [5] Agustina N, Purwestri YA, Nugroho LH (2016) Antioxidant activity and histochemical analysis of Acalypha indica L. and Acalypha wilkesiana Muell. Arg. vegetative and generative organs. Int J Pharm Phytochem Res 8: 1657–1662.
    [6] Vio–Michaelis S, Feucht W, Gómez M, et al. (2020) Histochemical analysis of anthocyanins, carotenoids, and flavan–3–ols/proanthocyanidins in Prunus domestica L. fruits during ripening. J Agr Food Chem 68: 2880–2890. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01954 doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01954
    [7] Hamid AH, Mutazah SSR, Yusoff MM (2017) Rhodomyrtus tomentosa: a phytochemical and pharmacological review. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 10: 10–16. https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i1.12773 doi: 10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i1.12773
    [8] Wu PP, Ma GZ, Li NH, et al. (2015) Investigation of in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities of flavonoids rich extract from the berries of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Ait.) Hassk. Food Chem 173: 194–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.10.023 doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.10.023
    [9] Dhale DA (2011) Histochemical investigation of some medical plants. Adv Res Pharm Biol 1: 147–154.
    [10] Dai GH, Nicole M, Andary C, et al. (1996) Flavonoids accumulate in cell walls, middle lamellae and callose–rich papillae during an incompatible interaction between Xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum and cotton. Physiol Mol Plant Pathol 49: 285–306. https://doi.org/10.1006/pmpp.1996.0055 doi: 10.1006/pmpp.1996.0055
    [11] Kusuma IW, Ainiyati N, Suwinarti W (2016) Search for biological activities from an invasive shrub species rosemyrtle (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa). Nusant Biosci 8: 55–59. https://doi.org/10.13057/nusbiosci/n080110 doi: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n080110
    [12] Purwakusumah ED, Royani L, Rafi M (2016) Evaluasi aktivitas antioksidan dan perubahan metabolit sekunder mayor temulawak (Curcuma xanthorriza) pada umur rimpang yang berbeda. Jurnal Jamu Indonesia 1: 10–17. https://doi.org/10.29244/jjidn.v1i1.30590 doi: 10.29244/jjidn.v1i1.30590
    [13] Huang WY, Cai YZ, Corke H, et al. (2010) Survey of antioxidant capacity and nutritional quality of selected edible and medicinal fruit plants in Hong Kong. J Food Compos Anal 23: 510–517. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2009.12.006 doi: 10.1016/j.jfca.2009.12.006
    [14] Lai TNH, André C, Rogez H, et al. (2015) Nutritional composition and antioxidant properties of the sim fruit (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa). Food Chem 168: 410–416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.07.081 doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.07.081
    [15] Lai TNH, Herent MF, Quetin–Leclercq J, et al. (2013) Piceatannol, a potent bioactive stilbene, as major phenolic component in Rhodomyrtus tomentosa. Food Chem 138: 1421–1430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.10.125 doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.10.125
    [16] Celli GB, Pereira–Netto AD, Beta T (2011) Comparative analysis of total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and flavonoids profile of fruits from two varieties of brazilian cherry (Eugenia uniflora L.) throughout the fruit developmental stages. Food Res Int 44: 2442–2451. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2010.12.036 doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2010.12.036
    [17] Wu X, Beecher GR, Holden JM, et al. (2004) Lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidant capacities of common foods in the united states. J Agr Food Chem 52: 4026–4037. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf049696w doi: 10.1021/jf049696w
    [18] Lavanya G, Voravuthikunchai SP, Towatana NH (2012) Acetone extract from Rhodomyrtus tomentosa: A potent natural antioxidant. Evid–Based Compl Alt 2012: 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/535479 doi: 10.1155/2012/535479
    [19] Ferreira PRB, Mendes CSO, Reis SB, et al. (2012) Morphoanatomy, histochemistry and phytochemistry of Psidium guineense Sw. (Myrtaceae) leaves. J Pharm Res 4: 942–944.
    [20] Khan MA, Rahman MM, Sardar MN, et al. (2016) Comparative investigation of the free radical scavenging potential and anticancer property of Diospyros blancoi (Ebenaceae). Asian Pac J Trop Bio 6: 410–417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apjtb.2016.03.004 doi: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2016.03.004
    [21] Neves LC, Silva PMC, Roberto SR, et al. (2022) Physiological maturity and wound–based orchard practices influence the antioxidant content and metabolic activity of two species of açai fruit at harvest and during storage. Food Chem 382: 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132279 doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132279
    [22] Fawole, Olaniyi A, Opara UL (2013) Changes in physical properties, chemical and elemental composition and antioxidant capacity of pomegranate (Cv. Ruby) fruit at five maturity stages. Sci Hortic–Amsterdam 150: 37–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2012.10.026 doi: 10.1016/j.scienta.2012.10.026
  • Reader Comments
  • © 2022 the Author(s), licensee AIMS Press. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)
通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
  • 1. 

    沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

  1. 本站搜索
  2. 百度学术搜索
  3. 万方数据库搜索
  4. CNKI搜索

Metrics

Article views(1848) PDF downloads(213) Cited by(1)

Article outline

Figures and Tables

Figures(7)  /  Tables(1)

/

DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
Return
Return

Catalog