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Let us consider the following second-order linear homogeneous differential equation
$ z2w′′(z)+zw′(z)+(z2−u2)w(z)=0 (u∈C). $
|
(1.1) |
The differential equation in (1.1) is famous Bessel's differential equation. Its solution is denoted by $ J_{u}(z) $ and known as Bessel function. The familiar representation of $ J_{u}(z) $ is given by (1.2) and is defined by particular solution of (1.1) as follows:
$ Ju(z)=∞∑n=0(−1)nn!Γ(u+n+1)(z2)2n+u (z∈C), $
|
(1.2) |
where $ \Gamma $ is the familiar Euler Gamma function. For a comprehensive study of Bessel function of first kind, see [9,30].
Let $ \mathcal{A} $ represents the class of all those functions which are analytic in the open unit disk
$ E={z:z∈C and |z|<1} $
|
and having the series expansion of the form
$ f(z)=z+∞∑n=2anzn (z∈E). $
|
(1.3) |
Let $ \mathcal{S} $ be the subclass of $ \mathcal{A} $ consisting the functions that is univalent in $ E $ and satisfy the normalized conditions
$ f(0)=0 and f′(0)=1. $
|
Let two functions $ f $ and $ g $ are analytic in $ E $, then $ f $ is subordinate to $ g $, (written as $ f\prec g), $ if there exists a Schwarz function $ h\left(z\right) $, which is analytic in $ E $ with
$ h(0)=0 and |h(z)|<1, $
|
such that
$ f(z)=g(h(z)). $
|
If $ g $ is univalent in $ E, $ then
$ f(z)≺g(z)⇔ f(0)=0=g(0) and f(E)⊂g(E). $
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For $ f\in \mathcal{A}, $ given by (1.3) and another function $ g, $ given by
$ g(z)=z+∞∑n=2bnzn, $
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then the Hadamard product (or convolution) of $ f(z) $ and $ g(z) $ is given by
$ (f∗g)(z)=z+∞∑n=2anbnzn=(g∗f)(z). $
|
In [34], Robertson introduced the class of starlike $ (\mathcal{S}^{\ast }) $ and class of convex $ (\mathcal{C}) $ functions and be defined as:
$ S∗=f∈A:ℜ(zf′(z)f(z))>0 and C= f∈A:ℜ(1+zf′′(z)f′(z))>0. $
|
It can easily seen that
$ f∈C ⟺ zf′∈S∗. $
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After that Srivastava and Owa investigated these subclasses in [43].
Let $ f\in \mathcal{A} $ and $ g\in \mathcal{S}^{\ast }, $ is said to be close to convex $ (\mathcal{K}) $ functions if and only if
$ ℜ(zf′(z)g(z))>0. $
|
Furthermore, Kanas and Wisniowska in [12] introduced subclasses of $ k $ -uniformly convex $ \left(k-\mathcal{UCV}\right) $ and $ \left(k-\mathcal{ST} \right) $ and be defined as:
$ k−UCV={f∈A: ℜ(1+zf′′(z)f′(z))>k|zf′′(z)f′(z)|, z∈E, k≥0} $
|
and
$ k−ST={f∈A: ℜ(zf′(z)f(z))>k|zf′(z)f(z)−1|, z∈E, k≥0}. $
|
Note that
$ f∈k−UCV ⟺ zf′∈k−ST. $
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For the further developments Kanas and Srivastava studied these subclasses $ \left(k-\mathcal{UCV}\right) $ and $ \left(k-\mathcal{ST}\right) $ of analytic functions in [11]. For particular value of $ k = 1 $, then $ k- \mathcal{UCV = } $ $ \mathcal{UCV} $ and $ k-\mathcal{ST = S}^{\ast } $
Kanas and Wisniowska [13,14] (see also [11] and [15]) defined these subclasses of analytic functions subject to the conic domain $ \Omega _{k}, $ where
$ Ωk=a+ib:a2>k2{(a−1)2+b2}, a>0, k≥0. $
|
For $ k = 0 $, the domain $ \Omega _{k} $ presents the right half plane, for $ 0 < k < 1 $, the domain $ \Omega _{k} $ presents hyperbola, for $ k = 1 $ its presents parabola and an ellipse for $ k > 1 $.
For this conic domain, the following functions play the role of extremal functions.
$ pk(z)={ϕ1(z)for k=0,ϕ2(z)for k=1,ϕ3(z)for 0<k<1,ϕ4(z)for k>1, $
|
(1.4) |
where
$ ϕ1(z))=1+z1−z, $
|
$ ϕ2(z)=1+2π2(log1+√z1−√z)2, $
|
$ ϕ3(z)=1+21−k2sinh2{(2πarccosk)arctanh√z}, $
|
$ ϕ4(z)=1+1k2−1sin(π2R(t)∫y(z)√t0dx√1−x2√1−t2x2)+1k2−1 $
|
and
$ y(z)=z−√t1−√tz {t∈(0,1)} $
|
is chosen such that
$ k=cosh(πR′(t)/(4R(t))). $
|
Here $ R(t) $ is Legender's complete elliptic integral of first kind (see [13,14]).
Since the $ q $-calculus is being vastly used in different areas of mathematics and physics it is of great interest of researchers. In the study of Geometric Function Theory, the versatile applications of $ q $-derivative operator make it remarkably significant. Initially, in the year 1990, Ismail et al. [5] gave the idea of $ q $-starlike functions. Nevertheless, a firm foothold of the usage of the $ q $-calculus in the context of Geometric Function Theory was effectively established, and the use of the generalized basic (or $ q $-) hypergeometric functions in Geometric Function Theory was made by Srivastava (see for detail [37]). For the study of various families of analytic and univalent function, the quantum (or $ q $-) calculus has been used as a important tools. Jackson [7,8] first defined the $ q $-derivative and integral operator as well as provided some of their applications. The $ q $-Ruscheweyh differential operator was defined by Kanas and Raducanu in [10]. Recently, by using the concept of convolution Srivastava [40] introduced $ q $-Noor integral operator and studied some of its applications. Many $ q $-differential and $ q $-integral operators can be written in term of convolution, for detail we refer [4,23,36,39,41] see also [16,18]. Moreover, Srivastava et al. (see, for example, [35,44,45]) published a set of articles in which they concentrated upon the classes of $ q $-starlike functions related with the Janowski functions from several different aspects. Additionally specking, a recently-published survey-cum-expository review article by Srivastava [38] is potentially useful for researchers and scholars working on these topics. In this survey-cum-expository review article [38], the mathematical explanation and applications of the fractional $ q $-calculus and the fractional $ q $-derivative operators in Geometric Function Theory was systematically investigated. For other recent investigations involving the $ q $-calculus, one may refer to [1,19,22,24,25,31,32,33] and [17]. We remark in passing that, in the above-cited recently-published survey-cum-expository review article [38], the so-called $ (p, q) $ -calculus was exposed to be a rather trivial and inconsequential variation of the classical $ q $-calculus, the additional parameter $ p $ being redundant or superfluous (see, for details, [38, p. 340]). In order to have a better understanding of the present article we provide some notation and concepts of quantum (or $ q $-) calculus used in this article.
Definition 1. ([10]). Let $ q\in (0, 1) $ and define the $ q $-number $ [\eta ]_{q} $ as:
$ [η]q=1−qη1−q, η∈C,=1+q+...+qn−1, η=n∈N,[0]=0, η=0. $
|
Definition 2. Let $ q\in \left(0, 1\right), $ $ n\in \mathbb{N} $ and define the $ q $-factorial $ [n]_{q}! $
$ [n]q!=[1]q[2]q...[n]q and [0]q!=1. $
|
Definition 3. The $ q $-generalized Pochhammer symbol $ [a]_{n, q} $ be defined as:
$ [a]n,q=n∏k=1(1−aqk−1), n∈N $
|
and
$ [a]∞,q=∞∏k=1(1−aqk−1). $
|
Definition 4. The $ q $-Gamma function $ \Gamma _{q}(n) $ is defined by
$ Γq(n)=[q,q]∞[qn,q]∞(1−q)n−1. $
|
The $ q $-Gamma function $ \Gamma _{q}(n) $ satisfies the following functional equation
$ Γq(n+1)=(1−qn1−q)Γq(n). $
|
Definition 5. ([7]). For $ f\in \mathcal{A} $, and the $ q $-derivative operator or $ q $ -difference operator be defined as:
$ Dqf(z)=f(z)−f(qz)(1−q)z (z∈E),Dqf(z)=1+∞∑n=2[n]qanzn−1 $
|
(1.5) |
and
$ Dqzn=[n]qzn−1. $
|
Definition 6. ([5]). An analytic function $ f\in $ $ \mathcal{S}_{q}^{\ast } $ if
$ f(0)=f′(0)=1, $
|
(1.6) |
and
$ |zDqf(z)f(z)−11−q|≤11−q, $
|
(1.7) |
we can rewrite the conditions (1.7) as follows, (see [46]).
$ zDqf(z)f(z)≺1+z1−qz. $
|
Here Serivastava et al. [39] (see also [42]) defined the following definition by making use of quantum (or $ q $-) calculus, principle of subordination and general conic domain $ \Omega _{k, q} $ as:
Definition 7. ([39]). Let $ k\geq 0 $ and $ q\in \left(0, 1\right) $. A function $ p(z) $ is said to be in the class $ k-\mathcal{P}_{q} $ if and only if
$ p(z)≺pk,q(z)=2pk(z)(1+q)+(1−q)pk(z) $
|
(1.8) |
and $ p_{k}(z) $ is given by (1.4).
Geometrically, the function $ p(z)\in k-\mathcal{P}_{q} $ takes all values from the domain $ \Omega _{k, q} $ which is defined as follows:
$ Ωk,q={w:ℜ((1+q)w2+(q−1)w)>k|(1+q)w2+(q−1)w−1|}. $
|
Remark 1. We see that
$ k−Pq⊆P(2k2k+1+q) $
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and
$ ℜ(p(z))>ℜ(pk,q(z))>2k2k+1+q. $
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For $ q\rightarrow 1- $, then we have
$ k−Pq=P(kk+1), $
|
where the class $ \mathcal{P}\left(\frac{k}{k+1}\right) $ introduced by Kanas and Wisniowska [13] and therefore,
$ ℜ(p(z))>ℜ(pk(z))>kk+1. $
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Also for $ k = 0 $ and $ q\rightarrow 1-, $ we have
$ k−Pq=P $
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and
$ ℜ(p(z))>0. $
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Remark 2. For $ q\rightarrow 1-, $ then $ \Omega _{k, q} = \Omega _{k}, $ where domain $ \Omega _{k} $ introduced by Kanas and Wisniowska in [13].
By Applying $ q $-derivative operator we introduce new subclasses of $ q $ -starlike functions, $ q $-convex functions, $ q $-close to convex functions and $ q $-quasi-convex functions as follows:
Definition 8. [42] For $ f\in \mathcal{A}, $ $ k\geq 0, $ then $ f\in k-\mathcal{ST}_{q} $ if and only if
$ zDqf(z)f(z)≺pk,q(z). $
|
(1.9) |
Definition 9. [42] For $ f\in \mathcal{A}, $ $ k\geq 0, $ then $ f\in k-\mathcal{UCV}_{q} $ if and only if
$ Dq(zDqf(z))Dqf(z)≺pk,q(z). $
|
It can easily seen that
$ f∈k−UCVq iff zDqf∈k−STq. $
|
(1.10) |
Definition 10. [42] For $ f\in \mathcal{A}, $ $ k\geq 0, $ then $ f\in k-\mathcal{UCC}_{q} $ if and only if
$ zDqf(z)g(z)≺pk,q(z), for some g(z)∈k−STq. $
|
Definition 11. [42] For $ f\in \mathcal{A}, $ $ k\geq 0, $ then $ f\in k-\mathcal{UQV}_{q} $ if and only if
$ Dq(zDqf(z))Dqg(z)≺pk,q(z), for some g(z)∈k−UCCq. $
|
Remark 3. For $ q\rightarrow 1-, $ then all theses newly defined subclasses reduces to the well-known subclasses of analytic functions introduced in [29].
The Jackson $ q $-Bessel functions and the Hahn-Exton $ q $-Bessel functions are, respectively, defined by
$ J1u(z,q)=[qu+1,q]∞[q,q]∞∞∑n=1(−1)nqn(n+u)[q,q]n[qu+1,q]n(z2)2n+u $
|
and
$ J2u(z,q)=[qu+1,q]∞[q,q]∞∞∑n=1(−1)nq12n(n+u)[q,q]n[qu+1,q]nz2n+u, $
|
where $ z\in \mathbb{C}, $ $ u > -1, $ $ q\in \left(0, 1\right). $ The functions $ J_{u}^{1}(z, q) $ and $ J_{u}^{2}(z, q) $ are the $ q $-extensions of the classical Bessel functions of the first kind. For more study about $ q $-extensions of Bessel functions (see [6,20,21]). Since neither $ J_{u}^{1}(z, q) $ nor $ J_{u}^{2}(z, q) $ belongs to $ \mathcal{A} $, first we perform normalizations of $ J_{u}^{1}(z, q) $ and $ J_{u}^{2}(z, q) $ as:
$ f1u(z,q)=2uCu(q)z1−n−uJ1u(z,q)=∞∑n=0(−1)nqn(n+u)4n[q,q]n[qu+1,q]nzn+1=z+∞∑n=2(−1)n−1q(n−1)(n−1+u)4n−1[q,q]n−1[qu+1,q]n−1zn. $
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Similarly
$ f2u(z,q)=Cu(q)z1−n−uJ2u(z,q)=∞∑n=0(−1)nq12n(n+u)[q,q]n[qu+1,q]nzn+1,=z+∞∑n=2(−1)n−1q12(n−1)(n−1+u)[q,q]n−1[qu+1,q]n−1zn, $
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where
$ Cu(q)=[q,q]∞[qu+1,q]∞, z∈C, u>−1, q∈(0,1). $
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Now clearly, the functions $ f_{u}^{1}(z, q) $ and $ f_{u}^{2}(z, q)\in $ $ \mathcal{A}. $
Now, by using the above idea of convolution and normalized Jackson and Hahn-Exton $ q $-Bessel functions, we introduce a new operators $ B_{u}^{q} $ and $ B_{u, 1}^{q} $ as follows:
$ Bquf(z)=f1u(z,q)∗f(z)=z+∞∑n=2φ1anzn $
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(1.11) |
and
$ Bqu,1f(z)=f2u(z,q)∗f(z)=z+∞∑n=2φ2anzn, $
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(1.12) |
where
$ φ1=(−1)n−1q(n−1)(n−1+u)4n−1[q,q]n−1[qu+1,q]n−1 $
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and
$ φ2=(−1)n−1q12(n−1)(n−1+u)[q,q]n−1[qu+1,q]n−1. $
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From the definition (1.11) and (1.12), it can easy to verify that
$ zDq(Bqu+1f(z))=([u]qqu+1)Bquf(z)−[u]qquBqu+1f(z) $
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(1.13) |
and
$ zDq(Bqu+1,1f(z))=([u]qqu+1)Bqu,1f(z)−[u]qquBqu+1,1f(z). $
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Finally Noor et al. introduced $ q $-Bernardi integral operator [28], which is defined by
$ Lqλ=Lqλf(z)=[λ+1]qzλz∫0tλ−1f(t)dqt, λ>−1. $
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Remark 4. For $ q\rightarrow 1- $, then $ L_{\lambda }^{q} = L $, introduced by Bernardi in [2].
Here we gave the generalization of two lemmas which was introduced in [3,27].
Lemma 1. Let $ h(z) $ be an analytic and convex univalent in $ E $ with
$ ℜ(vh(z)+α)>0 (v,α∈C) and h(0)=1. $
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If $ p(z) $ is analytic in $ E $ and $ p(0) = 1, $ then
$ p(z)+zDqp(z)vp(z)+α≺h(z), z∈E, $
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(2.1) |
then
$ p(z)≺h(z). $
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Proof. Suppose that $ h(z) $ is analytic and convex univalent in $ E $ and $ p(z) $ is analytic in $ E $. Letting $ q\rightarrow 1-, $ in (2.1), we have
$ p(z)+zp′(z)vp(z)+α≺h(z), z∈E, $
|
then by Lemma in [26], we have
$ p(z)≺h(z). $
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Lemma 2. Let an analytic functions $ p(z) $ and $ g(z) $ in open unit disk $ E $ with
$ ℜp(z)>0 and h(0)=g(0). $
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suppose that $ h(z) $ be convex functions in $ E $ and let $ U\geq 0, $ then
$ Uz2D2qg(z)+p(z)g(z)≺h(z) $
|
(2.2) |
then
$ g(z)≺h(z), z∈E. $
|
Proof. Suppose that $ h(z) $ is convex in the open unit disk $ E $. Let $ p(z) $ and $ g(z) $ is analytic in $ E $ with $ \Re p(z) > 0 $ and $ h(0) = g(0) $. Letting $ q\rightarrow 1-, $ in (2.2), we have
$ Uz2g′′(z)+p(z)g(z)≺h(z), z∈E, $
|
then by Lemma in [27], we have
$ g(z)≺h(z). $
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Theorem 1. Let $ h(z) $ be convex univalent in $ E $ with $ \Re(h(z)) > 0 $ and $ h(0) = 1 $. If a function $ f\in \mathcal{A} $ satisfies the condition
$ zDq(Bquf(z))Bquf(z)≺h(z), z∈E, $
|
then
$ zDq(Bqu+1f(z))Bqu+1f(z)≺h(z), z∈E. $
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Proof. Let
$ p(z)=zDq(Bqu+1f(z))Bqu+1f(z). $
|
(3.1) |
where $ p $ is an analytic function in $ E $ with $ p(0) = 1. $ By using (1.13) into (3.1), we have
$ p(z)=([u]qqu+1)zBquf(z)Bqu+1f(z)−[u]qqu. $
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Differentiating logarithmically with respect to $ z $, we have
$ p(z)+zDqp(z)p(z)+[u]qqu=zBquf(z)Bqu+1f(z). $
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By using Lemma $ 1, $ we get required result.
By taking $ q\rightarrow 1-, $ in Theorem 1, then we have the following result.
Corollary 1. Let $ h(z) $ be convex univalent in $ E $ with $ \Re(h(z) > 0 $ and $ h(0) = 1 $. If a function $ f\in \mathcal{A} $ satisfies the condition
$ z(Buf(z))′Buf(z)≺h(z), z∈E, $
|
then
$ z(Bu+1f(z))′Bu+1f(z)≺h(z), z∈E. $
|
Theorem 2. Let $ f\in \mathcal{A}. $ If $ B_{u}^{q}f(z)\in k-\mathcal{ST}_{q}, $ then $ B_{u+1}^{q}f(z)\in k-\mathcal{ST}_{q}. $
Proof. Let
$ p(z)=zDq(Bqu+1f(z))Bqu+1f(z). $
|
From (1.13), we have
$ ([u]qqu+1)zBquf(z)Bqu+1f(z)=p(z)+[u]qqu. $
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Differentiating logarithmically with respect to $ z $, we have
$ zDqBquf(z)Bquf(z)=p(z)+zDqp(z)p(z)+[u]qqu≺pk,q(z). $
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Since $ p_{k, q}\left(z\right) $ is convex univalent in $ E $ given by (1.8) and
$ ℜ(pk,q(z))>2k2k+1+q. $
|
The proof of the theorem 3.2 follows by Theorem 1 and condition (1.9).
For $ q\rightarrow 1-, $ in Theorem 2, then we have the following result.
Corollary 2. Let $ f\in \mathcal{A}. $ If $ B_{u}f(z)\in k-\mathcal{ST}, $ then $ B_{u+1}f(z)\in k-\mathcal{ST}. $
Theorem 3. Let $ f\in \mathcal{A}. $ If $ B_{u}^{q}f(z)\in k-\mathcal{UCV}_{q}, $ then $ B_{u+1}^{q}f(z)\in k-\mathcal{UCV}_{q}. $
Proof. By virtue of (1.10), and Theorem 2, we get
$ Bquf(z)∈k−UCVq⇔zDq(Bquf(z))∈k−STq⇔BquzDqf(z)∈k−STq⇒Bqu+1zDqf(z)∈k−STq⇔Bqu+1f(z)∈k−UCVq. $
|
Hence Theorem 3 is complete.
For $ q\rightarrow 1-, $ in Theorem 3, then we have the following result.
Corollary 3. Let $ f\in \mathcal{A}. $ If $ B_{u}f(z)\in k-\mathcal{UCV}, $ then $ B_{u+1}f(z)\in k-\mathcal{UCV}. $
Theorem 4. Let $ f\in \mathcal{A}. $ If $ B_{u}^{q}f(z)\in k-\mathcal{UCC}_{q}, $ then $ B_{u+1}^{q}f(z)\in k-\mathcal{UCC}_{q}. $
Proof. Since
$ Bquf(z)∈k−UCCq, $
|
then
$ zDqBquf(z)Bqug(z)≺pk,q(z), for some Bqug(z)∈k−STq. $
|
(3.2) |
Letting
$ h(z)=zDqBqu+1f(z)Bqu+1g(z) $
|
and
$ H(z)=zDqBqu+1g(z)Bqu+1g(z). $
|
We see that $ h(z), H(z)\in \mathcal{A} $, in $ E $ with $ h(0) = H(0) = 1. $ By using Theorem 2, we have
$ Bqu+1g(z)∈k−STq $
|
and
$ ℜ(H(z))>2k2k+1+q. $
|
Also note that
$ zDqBqu+1f(z)=h(z)(Bqu+1g(z)). $
|
(3.3) |
Differentiating both sides of (3.3), we obtain
$ zDq(zDqBqu+1f(z))Bqu+1g(z)=zDqBqu+1g(z)Bqu+1g(z)h(z)+zDqh(z)=H(z)h(z)+zDqh(z). $
|
(3.4) |
By using the identity (1.13), we get
$ zDqBquf(z)Bqug(z)=BquzDqf(z)Bqug(z)=zDq(Bqu+1zDqf(z))+[u]qqu(Bqu+1zDqf(z))zDq(Bqu+1g(z))+[u]qquBqu+1g(z)=zDq(Bqu+1zDqf(z))Bqu+1g(z)+[u]qqu(Bqu+1zDqf(z))Bqu+1g(z)zDq(Bqu+1g(z))Bqu+1g(z)+[u]qqu=h(z)+zDqh(z)H(z)+[u]qqu. $
|
(3.5) |
From (3.2), (3.4), and (3.5), we conclude that
$ h(z)+zDqh(z)H(z)+[u]qqu≺pk,q(z). $
|
On letting $ U = 0 $ and $ B(z) = \frac{1}{H(z)+\frac{\left[ u\right] _{q}}{q^{u}}}, $ we have
$ ℜ(B(z))=ℜ(H(z)+[u]qqu)|H(z)+[u]qqu|2>0. $
|
Apply Lemma 2, we have
$ h(z)≺pk,q(z), $
|
where $ p_{k, q}\left(z\right) $ given by (1.8). Hence Theorem 4 is complete.
We can prove Theorem 5 by using a similar argument of Theorem 4
Theorem 5. Let $ f\in \mathcal{A}. $ If $ B_{u}^{q}f(z)\in k-\mathcal{UQC}_{q}, $ then $ B_{u+1}^{q}f(z)\in k-\mathcal{UQC}_{q}. $
Now in Theorem 6, we study the closure properties of the $ q $-Bernardi integral operator $ L_{\lambda }^{q}. $
Theorem 6. Let $ f\in \mathcal{A} $ and $ \lambda > -\left(\frac{2k}{2k+1+q} \right). $ If $ B_{u}^{q}f(z)\in k-\mathcal{ST}_{q}, $ then $ L_{\lambda }^{q}\left(B_{u}^{q}f(z)\right) \in k-\mathcal{ST}_{q}. $
Proof. From the definition of $ L_{\lambda }^{q}f(z) $ and the linearity of the operator $ B_{u}^{q}, $ we have
$ zDq(BquLqλf(z))=(1+λ)Bquf(z)−λBquLqλf(z). $
|
(3.6) |
Substituting $ p(z) = \frac{zD_{q}\left(B_{u}^{q}L_{\lambda }^{q}f(z)\right) }{ B_{u}^{q}L_{\lambda }^{q}f(z)} $ in $ \left(3.6\right) $, we have
$ p(z)=(1+λ)Bquf(z)BquLqλf(z)−λ. $
|
(3.7) |
Differentiating (3.7) with respect to $ z $, we have
$ zDq(Bquf(z))Bquf(z)=zDq(BquLqλf(z))BquLqλf(z)+zDqp(z)p(z)+λ=p(z)+zDqp(z)p(z)+λ. $
|
By Lemma 1, $ p(z)\prec $ $ p_{k, q}\left(z\right) $, since $ \Re \left(p_{k, q}\left(z\right) +\lambda \right) > 0. $ This completes the proof of Theorem 6.
By a similar argument we can prove Theorem 7 as below.
Theorem 7. Let $ f\in \mathcal{A} $ and $ \lambda > -\left(\frac{2k}{2k+1+q} \right). $ If $ B_{u}^{q}f(z)\in k-\mathcal{U}\mathcal{CV}_{q}, $ then $ L_{\lambda }^{q}\left(B_{u}^{q}f(z)\right) \in k-\mathcal{U}\mathcal{CV} _{q}. $
Theorem 8. Let $ f\in \mathcal{A} $ and $ \lambda > -\left(\frac{2k}{2k+1+q} \right). $ If $ B_{u}^{q}f(z)\in k-\mathcal{UCC}_{q}, $ then $ L_{\lambda }^{q}\left(B_{u}^{q}f(z)\right) \in k-\mathcal{UCC}_{q}. $
Proof. By definition, there exists a function
$ Bqug(z)∈k−STq, $
|
so that
$ zDqBquf(z)Bqug(z)≺pk,q(z). $
|
(3.8) |
Now from (3.6), we have
$ zDq(Bquf(z))Bqug(z)=zDq(BquLqλ(zDqf(z)))+λ(BquLqλ(zDqf(z)))zDq(BquLqλg(z))+λBquLqλ(g(z))=zDq(BquLqλ(zDqf(z)))BquLqλ(g(z))+λ(BquLqλ(zDqf(z)))BquLqλ(g(z))zDq(BquLqλg(z))BquLqλ(g(z))+λ. $
|
(3.9) |
Since $ B_{u}^{q}g(z)\in k-\mathcal{ST}_{q}, $ by Theorem 6, we have $ L_{\lambda }^{q}\left(B_{u}^{q}g(z)\right) \in k-\mathcal{ST}_{q}. $ Taking
$ H(z)=zDq(BquLqλg(z))Bqu(Lqλg(z)). $
|
We see that $ H(z)\in \mathcal{A} $ in $ E $ with $ H(0) = 1, $ and
$ ℜ(H(z))>2k2k+1+q. $
|
Now for
$ h(z)=zDq(BquLqλf(z))Bqu(Lqλg(z)). $
|
Thus we obtain
$ zDq(BquLqλf(z))=h(z)Bqu(Lqλg(z)). $
|
(3.10) |
Differentiating both sides of (3.10), we obtain
$ zDq(BquDq(zLqλf(z)))Bqu(Lqλg(z))=zDq(Bqu(Lqλg(z)))Bqu(Lqλg(z))h(z)+zDqh(z)=H(z)h(z)+zDqh(z). $
|
(3.11) |
Therefore from (3.9) and (3.11), we obtain
$ zDq(Bquf(z))Bqug(z)=zDqh(z)+H(z)h(z)+λh(z)H(z)+λ. $
|
This in conjunction with (3.8) leads to
$ h(z)+zDqh(z)H(z)+λ≺pk,q(z). $
|
(3.12) |
On letting $ U = 0 $ and $ B(z) = \frac{1}{H(z)+\lambda }, $ we have
$ ℜ(B(z))=ℜ(H(z)+λ)|H(z)+λ|2>0. $
|
Apply Lemma 2, we have
$ h(z)≺pk,q(z). $
|
where $ p_{k, q}\left(z\right) $ given by (1.8). Hence Theorem 8 is complete.
We can prove Theorem 9 by using a similar argument of Theorem 8.
Theorem 9. Let $ f\in \mathcal{A} $ and $ \lambda > -\left(\frac{2k}{2k+1+q} \right). $ If $ B_{u}^{q}f(z)\in k-\mathcal{UQC}_{q}, $ then $ L_{\lambda }^{q}\left(B_{u}^{q}f(z)\right) \in k-\mathcal{UQC}_{q}. $
Our present investigation is motivated by the well-established potential for the usages of the basic (or $ q $-) calculus and the fractional basic (or $ q $ -) calculus in Geometric Function Theory as described in a recently-published survey-cum-expository review article by Srivastava [38]. We have studied new family of analytic functions involving the Jackson and Hahn-Exton $ q $-Bessel functions and investigate their inclusion relationships and certain integral preserving properties bounded by generalized conic domain $ \Omega _{k, q} $. Also we discussed some applications of our main results by using the $ q $-Bernardi integral operator. The convolution operator $ B_{u, 1}^{q} $, which are defined by (1.12) will indeed apply to any attempt to produce the rather straightforward results which we have presented in this paper.
Basic (or $ q $-) series and basic (or $ q $-) polynomials, especially the basic (or $ q $-) hypergeometric functions and basic (or $ q $-) hypergeometric polynomials, are applicable particularly in several diverse areas (see, for example, [38, p. 328]).
Moreover, in this recently-published survey-cum-expository review article by Srivastava [38], the so-called $ (p, q) $-calculus was exposed to be a rather trivial and inconsequential variation of the classical $ q $-calculus, the additional parameter $ p $ being redundant (see, for details, [38, p. 340]). This observation by Srivastava [38] will indeed apply also to any attempt to produce the rather straightforward $ (p, q) $-variations of the results which we have presented in this paper.
The third author is partially supported by Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia grant (GUP-2019-032).
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
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