Behavioral dysregulation at work: A moderated mediation analysis of sleep impairment, work-related stress, and substance use

Francesco Marcatto; Donatella Ferrante; Mateusz Paliga; Edanur Kanbur; Nicola Magnavita; Francesco Marcatto; Donatella Ferrante; Mateusz Paliga; Edanur Kanbur; Nicola Magnavita

doi:10.3934/publichealth.2025018

AIMS Public Health

2025, Volume 12, Issue 2: 290-309. doi: 10.3934/publichealth.2025018

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Research article Special Issues

Behavioral dysregulation at work: A moderated mediation analysis of sleep impairment, work-related stress, and substance use

1.
Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
2.
Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
3.
Department of Psychology, Ibn Haldun University, Istanbul, Türkiye
4.
Post-graduate School of Occupational Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy

Received: 08 October 2024 Revised: 10 December 2024 Accepted: 15 January 2025 Published: 12 March 2025

Background
Sleep impairment and work-related stress are common issues that influence employee well-being and organizational outcomes. Impaired sleep depletes cognitive and emotional resources, increasing stress and the likelihood of counterproductive work behaviors directed toward the organization (CWB-O). This cross-sectional study, guided by the conservation of resources (COR) theory, explores the relationships between impaired sleep, work-related stress, and CWB-O, considering substance use as a dysfunctional coping strategy.
Methods
A sample of 302 Italian employees completed an online survey. Sleep impairment was assessed using the Insomnia Severity Index, work-related stress was assessed with the Perceived Stress Scale, CWB-O was assessed with the Counterproductive Work Behavior Checklist, and substance use as a coping strategy was assessed using the Brief COPE. A moderated mediation model was tested to examine the indirect effects of sleep impairment on CWB-O via work-related stress, with substance use moderating both the sleep–stress and stress–CWB-O relationships.
Results
The results supported the hypothesis that the relationship between sleep impairment and CWB-O is mediated by work-related stress. Sleep difficulties significantly increased work-related stress, which in turn led to higher levels of CWB-O. Substance use did not moderate the relationship between sleep and work-related stress. It did, however, significantly moderate the relationship between work-related stress and CWB-O, with higher levels of substance use amplifying the impact of stress on behavioral dysregulation.
Conclusion
This study contributes to our understanding of how impaired sleep, work-related stress, and substance use interact to influence deviant behaviors at work. The findings align with COR theory, highlighting the role of resource depletion and dysfunctional coping in workplace behavior, and suggest that organizational interventions should also consider programs aimed at improving sleep quality and addressing substance use to reduce the likelihood of deviant behaviors at work.
- work-related stress,
- sleep impairment,
- counterproductive work behaviors,
- substance use,
- moderated mediation analysis
Citation: Francesco Marcatto, Donatella Ferrante, Mateusz Paliga, Edanur Kanbur, Nicola Magnavita. Behavioral dysregulation at work: A moderated mediation analysis of sleep impairment, work-related stress, and substance use[J]. AIMS Public Health, 2025, 12(2): 290-309. doi: 10.3934/publichealth.2025018

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Abstract

Background

Sleep impairment and work-related stress are common issues that influence employee well-being and organizational outcomes. Impaired sleep depletes cognitive and emotional resources, increasing stress and the likelihood of counterproductive work behaviors directed toward the organization (CWB-O). This cross-sectional study, guided by the conservation of resources (COR) theory, explores the relationships between impaired sleep, work-related stress, and CWB-O, considering substance use as a dysfunctional coping strategy.

Methods

A sample of 302 Italian employees completed an online survey. Sleep impairment was assessed using the Insomnia Severity Index, work-related stress was assessed with the Perceived Stress Scale, CWB-O was assessed with the Counterproductive Work Behavior Checklist, and substance use as a coping strategy was assessed using the Brief COPE. A moderated mediation model was tested to examine the indirect effects of sleep impairment on CWB-O via work-related stress, with substance use moderating both the sleep–stress and stress–CWB-O relationships.

Results

The results supported the hypothesis that the relationship between sleep impairment and CWB-O is mediated by work-related stress. Sleep difficulties significantly increased work-related stress, which in turn led to higher levels of CWB-O. Substance use did not moderate the relationship between sleep and work-related stress. It did, however, significantly moderate the relationship between work-related stress and CWB-O, with higher levels of substance use amplifying the impact of stress on behavioral dysregulation.

Conclusion

This study contributes to our understanding of how impaired sleep, work-related stress, and substance use interact to influence deviant behaviors at work. The findings align with COR theory, highlighting the role of resource depletion and dysfunctional coping in workplace behavior, and suggest that organizational interventions should also consider programs aimed at improving sleep quality and addressing substance use to reduce the likelihood of deviant behaviors at work.

Acknowledgments

This study is not funded by any agency and is being conducted by the authors independently.

Authors' contribution

Study conception and design: FM and DF; data collection: FM; analysis and interpretation of results: FM, DF, MP, and NM; draft manuscript preparation: FM and EK; critical review and editing: DF, MP, and NM. All authors reviewed the results and approved the final version of the manuscript.

Conflict of interest

Nicola Magnavita is an editorial board member for AIMS Public Health, and he is also a guest editor of AIMS Public Health Special Issue. He was not involved in the editorial review or the decision to publish this article. The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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