Most relevant genetic factors in ovarian cancer development

Alicja Florczak; Aleksandra Królikowska; Mateusz Mazurek; Sławomir Woźniak; Zygmunt Domagała; Alicja Florczak; Aleksandra Królikowska; Mateusz Mazurek; Sławomir Woźniak; Zygmunt Domagała

doi:10.3934/molsci.2025001

AIMS Molecular Science

2025, Volume 12, Issue 1: 1-25. doi: 10.3934/molsci.2025001

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Review

Most relevant genetic factors in ovarian cancer development

1.
Clinical and Dissecting Anatomy Students' Scientific Club, Medical Faculty, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
2.
Division of Anatomy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland

Received: 08 July 2024 Revised: 01 November 2024 Accepted: 21 November 2024 Published: 02 January 2025

Ovarian cancer (OC) represents a significant challenge in the realm of gynecological cancers, characterized by poor survival rates and complex etiology. This review delves into the genetic, environmental, and hormonal factors underpinning OC development, shedding light on both well-established contributors and emerging influences. We reviewed scientific databases searching for OC genetic and epigenetic factors and included studies based on their relevancy. As a result of exploring ovarian carcinogenesis, this systematic review contains data collected from 102 works. The role of prominent genetic players, such as BRCA mutations and DNA repair mechanisms, underscores the intricate landscape of OC susceptibility. Furthermore, we explore Li-Fraumeni and Lynch syndrome, which result in a heightened predisposition to OC development. Hormonal factors such as estrogen, progesterone, and androgens are also discussed in detail. Environmental alterations, ranging from lifestyle influences to microbiome dysbiosis add layers of complexity to OC pathogenesis. Lifestyle factors such as obesity, alcohol consumption, and physical activity intersect with genetic and epigenetic pathways, shaping the risk landscape for OC. This review provides a nuanced understanding of the multifactorial nature of OC through a meticulous examination of current literature, emphasizing the need for holistic approaches to prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.
- Ovarian cancer,
- Genetic factors,
- Hormonal factors,
- Environmental factors,
- BRCA mutations,
- DNA repair mechanisms,
- Hormone therapy,
- Tumor suppressor genes,
- Gynecologic cancer
Citation: Alicja Florczak, Aleksandra Królikowska, Mateusz Mazurek, Sławomir Woźniak, Zygmunt Domagała. Most relevant genetic factors in ovarian cancer development[J]. AIMS Molecular Science, 2025, 12(1): 1-25. doi: 10.3934/molsci.2025001

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Abstract

Ovarian cancer (OC) represents a significant challenge in the realm of gynecological cancers, characterized by poor survival rates and complex etiology. This review delves into the genetic, environmental, and hormonal factors underpinning OC development, shedding light on both well-established contributors and emerging influences. We reviewed scientific databases searching for OC genetic and epigenetic factors and included studies based on their relevancy. As a result of exploring ovarian carcinogenesis, this systematic review contains data collected from 102 works. The role of prominent genetic players, such as BRCA mutations and DNA repair mechanisms, underscores the intricate landscape of OC susceptibility. Furthermore, we explore Li-Fraumeni and Lynch syndrome, which result in a heightened predisposition to OC development. Hormonal factors such as estrogen, progesterone, and androgens are also discussed in detail. Environmental alterations, ranging from lifestyle influences to microbiome dysbiosis add layers of complexity to OC pathogenesis. Lifestyle factors such as obesity, alcohol consumption, and physical activity intersect with genetic and epigenetic pathways, shaping the risk landscape for OC. This review provides a nuanced understanding of the multifactorial nature of OC through a meticulous examination of current literature, emphasizing the need for holistic approaches to prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.

Abbreviations

ovarian cancer

LFS

Li-Fraumeni syndrome

progesterone receptor

PCOS

polycystic ovary syndrome

COCPs

combined oral contraceptive pills

DSB

double-strand break repair

LPS

lipopolysaccharides

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Małgorzata Smazek Ryndak for the language correction and Piotr Baron for helping create the tables and figures.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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