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AIMS Microbiology

2025, Volume 11, Issue 2: 436-461. doi: 10.3934/microbiol.2025020
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Review

Acquired antibiotic resistance of Pseudomonas spp., Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter spp. in the Western Balkans and Hungary with a One Health outlook

  • 1.
    Agribiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Applied Biotechnology, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
  • 2.
    Doctoral School of Biology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
  • Received: 31 January 2025 Revised: 16 May 2025 Accepted: 22 May 2025 Published: 16 June 2025

  • An increasing rate of antibiotic resistance (AR) has been observed in the Gram-negative bacteria A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa, and E. coli in the human, environmental, and food animal domains worldwide, thus posing a serious global health challenge. Acquired AR genes of these species were overviewed from selected Western Balkans countries together with those from the European Union member states Croatia and Hungary. The AR determinants published from Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Serbia, and Croatia included diverse acquired β-lactamase genes, with several of them possessing carbapenemase activity, such as blaVIM, blaNDM, blaKPC, blaOXA-23, blaOXA-66, and blaOXA-72. Furthermore, acquired aminoglycoside, chloramphenicol, fosfomycin, tetracycline, sulfonamide, quinolone, and/or colistin resistance determinants were detected in the three domains of the One Health approach. The in vitro AR profile of representative isolates have also been overviewed. Multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates of the ST235 high-risk clone were mainly reported within clinical settings. The distribution of the E. coli ST131 and A. baumannii ST2 high-risk clones in both clinical and environmental settings highlight their adaptability and effective dissemination. Systematic infection control practices are advised to combat the spread of antibiotic resistance, and further research from a One Health perspective is encouraged into its emergence and dissemination.

    Citation: Chioma Lilian Ozoaduche, Katalin Posta, Balázs Libisch, Ferenc Olasz. Acquired antibiotic resistance of Pseudomonas spp., Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter spp. in the Western Balkans and Hungary with a One Health outlook[J]. AIMS Microbiology, 2025, 11(2): 436-461. doi: 10.3934/microbiol.2025020

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  • An increasing rate of antibiotic resistance (AR) has been observed in the Gram-negative bacteria A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa, and E. coli in the human, environmental, and food animal domains worldwide, thus posing a serious global health challenge. Acquired AR genes of these species were overviewed from selected Western Balkans countries together with those from the European Union member states Croatia and Hungary. The AR determinants published from Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Serbia, and Croatia included diverse acquired β-lactamase genes, with several of them possessing carbapenemase activity, such as blaVIM, blaNDM, blaKPC, blaOXA-23, blaOXA-66, and blaOXA-72. Furthermore, acquired aminoglycoside, chloramphenicol, fosfomycin, tetracycline, sulfonamide, quinolone, and/or colistin resistance determinants were detected in the three domains of the One Health approach. The in vitro AR profile of representative isolates have also been overviewed. Multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates of the ST235 high-risk clone were mainly reported within clinical settings. The distribution of the E. coli ST131 and A. baumannii ST2 high-risk clones in both clinical and environmental settings highlight their adaptability and effective dissemination. Systematic infection control practices are advised to combat the spread of antibiotic resistance, and further research from a One Health perspective is encouraged into its emergence and dissemination.




    Acknowledgments


    The preparation of this review article was supported by the Hungarian National Research, Development and Innovation Office, and by the Stipendium Hungaricum-Tempus Public Foundation scholarship programme. The first author (C.L.O) is grateful for the financial support provided during this PhD project, which facilitated the completion of this work. C.L.O is also a public-health advocate and founder of Healthy Environment and Lifestyles Initiative (Delta State, Nigeria).

    Conflict of interest


    The authors declare no competing interests.

    Author contributions


    Conceptualization, C.L.O., and B.L.; Methodology, C.L.O., and B.L.; Supervision, B.L, K. P. and F.O.; Formal analysis and investigation, C.L.O., B.L. and F.O.; Writing-original draft preparation, C.L.O., and B.L.; Writing, review and editing, C.L.O., K.P., B.L. and F.O.; Funding acquisition, K.P. and F.O. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

    Funding


    This research was funded by the Hungarian National Research, Development and Innovation Office OTKA, grant number NKFI K 132687 (F.O.); the Hungarian National Research, Development and Innovation Office project “Antibiotic and zinc oxide-free feeding during the piglet rearing phase” with the grant number GINOP_PLUSZ-2.1.1-21-2022-00221 (F. O.); and by the Hungarian National Laboratory Project, grant number RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00007 (K.P.). C.L.O. was supported by the Tempus Public Foundation/Stipendium Hungaricum, identity number 2023_675297 of the Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Doctoral School of Biological Sciences, Gödöllő, Hungary.

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