Microbiome profiling and Actinomycetes isolation from tropical marine sponges

Trinset Weeraphan; Chollabuppha Chou; Naphatson Chanthathamrongsiri; Thanchanok Sirirak; Sumaitt Putchakarn; Supakarn Chamni; Wongsakorn Phongsopitanun; Trinset Weeraphan; Chollabuppha Chou; Naphatson Chanthathamrongsiri; Thanchanok Sirirak; Sumaitt Putchakarn; Supakarn Chamni; Wongsakorn Phongsopitanun

doi:10.3934/microbiol.2025010

AIMS Microbiology

2025, Volume 11, Issue 1: 182-205. doi: 10.3934/microbiol.2025010

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Research article Special Issues

Microbiome profiling and Actinomycetes isolation from tropical marine sponges

1.
Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University, Pathum Wan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
2.
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi, 20131, Thailand
3.
The Research Unit in Synthetic Compounds and Synthetic Analogues from Natural Product for Drug Discovery (RSND), Burapha University, Chonburi, 20131, Thailand
4.
Institute of Marine Science, Burapha University, 20131, Thailand
5.
Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
6.
Center of Excellence in Natural Products and Nanoparticles, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand

Received: 22 November 2024 Revised: 19 February 2025 Accepted: 26 February 2025 Published: 03 March 2025

Marine sponges are well-known for their production of bioactive compounds, many of which are synthesized by their associated symbiotic microorganisms. Among these, Actinomycetes are of particular interest due to their ability to produce secondary metabolites with antimicrobial and antitumor activities. We aimed to investigate the bacterial microbiome of tropical marine sponges, with an emphasis on the diversity and distribution of Actinomycetes, employing both culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches. Five sponge samples (PF01–PF05) were collected from Sichang Island, Chonburi Province, Thailand. The bacterial communities were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and bioinformatics tools, revealing a significant microbial diversity dominated by Cyanobacteria, Actinomycetota, and Chloroflexi. Notably, PF01 (Penares nux) exhibited the highest microbial diversity, while PF05 (Cacospongia sp.) had the lowest. Actinomycetes, particularly the genus Micromonospora, were successfully isolated from all samples, with PF03 (Ircinia mutans) yielding the highest number of strains. Culture-independent analysis identified a greater proportion of unculturable Actinomycetes compared to those isolated through traditional methods, underscoring the limitations of culture-dependent techniques. This study enhances our understanding of sponge-associated microbial diversity and highlights the potential for isolating Actinomycetes from these sponges for novel drug discovery and other bioprospective applications.
- marine sponge,
- microbiome,
- Actinomycetes,
- culture-independent techniques,
- culture-dependent techniques,
- bioactive compounds,
- 16S rRNA sequencing, bacterial diversity
Citation: Trinset Weeraphan, Chollabuppha Chou, Naphatson Chanthathamrongsiri, Thanchanok Sirirak, Sumaitt Putchakarn, Supakarn Chamni, Wongsakorn Phongsopitanun. Microbiome profiling and Actinomycetes isolation from tropical marine sponges[J]. AIMS Microbiology, 2025, 11(1): 182-205. doi: 10.3934/microbiol.2025010

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Abstract

Marine sponges are well-known for their production of bioactive compounds, many of which are synthesized by their associated symbiotic microorganisms. Among these, Actinomycetes are of particular interest due to their ability to produce secondary metabolites with antimicrobial and antitumor activities. We aimed to investigate the bacterial microbiome of tropical marine sponges, with an emphasis on the diversity and distribution of Actinomycetes, employing both culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches. Five sponge samples (PF01–PF05) were collected from Sichang Island, Chonburi Province, Thailand. The bacterial communities were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and bioinformatics tools, revealing a significant microbial diversity dominated by Cyanobacteria, Actinomycetota, and Chloroflexi. Notably, PF01 (Penares nux) exhibited the highest microbial diversity, while PF05 (Cacospongia sp.) had the lowest. Actinomycetes, particularly the genus Micromonospora, were successfully isolated from all samples, with PF03 (Ircinia mutans) yielding the highest number of strains. Culture-independent analysis identified a greater proportion of unculturable Actinomycetes compared to those isolated through traditional methods, underscoring the limitations of culture-dependent techniques. This study enhances our understanding of sponge-associated microbial diversity and highlights the potential for isolating Actinomycetes from these sponges for novel drug discovery and other bioprospective applications.

Acknowledgments

This research is supported by Ratchadapisek Somphot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship (T.W.), Chulalongkorn University. This study was partially funded by the Thai Research Fund, Thailand (RSA 6280009) to S.C., which supported the marine sample collection at Sichang Island in the Gulf of Thailand. The authors also express their gratitude to the Center of Excellence for Natural Products and Nanoparticles (NP2), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University for the support in research and collaboration (CE68_009_3300_004).

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Author contributions

W.P. developed the research idea and designed the experimental approach. T.W. and C.C. performed the experiments and collected the data. T.W. analyzed the data, interpreted the results, and prepared the manuscript. S.C. provided funding and essential tools for the research, while N.P., T.S., and S.P. offered valuable guidance throughout the study.

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