Real-world constraints like time and sample size limitations often restrict access to complete data. Consequently, it is beneficial to study estimation problems based on information from existing data. In these circumstances, employing a suitable sampling strategy to obtain more effective estimators is crucial. In this study, we addressed the estimation of the stress-strength reliability parameter $ \zeta $ based on lower record ranked set sampling. The stress and strength variables adhere to the exponentiated Pareto distribution with a common second shape parameter. The maximum likelihood and Bayesian estimation methods are suggested for estimating $ \zeta. $ The Bayesian estimator is provided in the case of gamma and uniform priors using different loss functions. Two distinct parametric bootstrap techniques are established, and Bayesian credible intervals are generated with the help of the Markov chain Monte Carlo method. A comprehensive Monte Carlo simulation study was developed to evaluate the precision of different estimators. A simulation study highlighted that the Bayesian estimates, which are calculated under different loss functions, perform more effectively than a comparable maximum likelihood estimates. It was discovered that the percentile bootstrap method produced better estimates than the normal-bootstrap method, with shorter average lengths and higher coverage probability. Two datasets from physical scientific applications further support the effectiveness and usefulness of the methodology.
Citation: Amal S. Hassan, Mohamed A. Abd Elgawad, Majdah Mohammed Badr, Rokaya Elmorsy Mohamed. A lower ranked set sampling framework for enhanced stress-strength reliability assessment with exponentiated Pareto-distributed data[J]. AIMS Mathematics, 2026, 11(5): 13384-13411. doi: 10.3934/math.2026552
Real-world constraints like time and sample size limitations often restrict access to complete data. Consequently, it is beneficial to study estimation problems based on information from existing data. In these circumstances, employing a suitable sampling strategy to obtain more effective estimators is crucial. In this study, we addressed the estimation of the stress-strength reliability parameter $ \zeta $ based on lower record ranked set sampling. The stress and strength variables adhere to the exponentiated Pareto distribution with a common second shape parameter. The maximum likelihood and Bayesian estimation methods are suggested for estimating $ \zeta. $ The Bayesian estimator is provided in the case of gamma and uniform priors using different loss functions. Two distinct parametric bootstrap techniques are established, and Bayesian credible intervals are generated with the help of the Markov chain Monte Carlo method. A comprehensive Monte Carlo simulation study was developed to evaluate the precision of different estimators. A simulation study highlighted that the Bayesian estimates, which are calculated under different loss functions, perform more effectively than a comparable maximum likelihood estimates. It was discovered that the percentile bootstrap method produced better estimates than the normal-bootstrap method, with shorter average lengths and higher coverage probability. Two datasets from physical scientific applications further support the effectiveness and usefulness of the methodology.
| [1] |
K. Chandler, The distribution and frequency of record values, J. Roy. Statist. Soc. B, 14 (1952), 220–228. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2517-6161.1952.tb00115.x doi: 10.1111/j.2517-6161.1952.tb00115.x
|
| [2] |
F. Foster, A. Stuart, Distribution-free tests in time-series based on the breaking of records, J. Roy. Statist. Soc. B, 16 (1954), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2517-6161.1954.tb00143.x doi: 10.1111/j.2517-6161.1954.tb00143.x
|
| [3] |
G. A. McIntyre, A method for unbiased selective sampling using ranked set, Am. Stat., 59 (2005), 230–232. https://doi.org/10.1198/000313005X54180 doi: 10.1198/000313005X54180
|
| [4] |
K. Takahasi, K. Wakimoto, On unbiased estimates of the population mean based on the sample stratified by means of ordering, Ann. I. Stat. Math., 20 (1968), 1–31. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02911622 doi: 10.1007/BF02911622
|
| [5] |
M. Chen, W. Chen, C. Deng, Some new results on parameter estimation of the exponential-Poisson distribution in ranked set sampling, Appl. Math. Ser. B, 40 (2025), 413–428. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11766-025-4927-4 doi: 10.1007/s11766-025-4927-4
|
| [6] |
M. Chen, W. Chen, R. Yang, Double moving extremes ranked set sampling design, Acta Math. Appl. Sin.-E., 40 (2024), 75–90. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10255-024-1104-9 doi: 10.1007/s10255-024-1104-9
|
| [7] |
R. Yang, W. Chen, M. Chen, Y. Zhou, Maximum likelihood estimation of the parameters of the inverse Gaussian distribution using maximum ranked set sampling with unequal samples, Math. Popul. Stud., 30 (2023), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/08898480.2021.1996822 doi: 10.1080/08898480.2021.1996822
|
| [8] |
M. Salehi, J. Ahmadi, Record ranked set sampling scheme, Metron, 72 (2014), 351–365. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40300-014-0038-z doi: 10.1007/s40300-014-0038-z
|
| [9] | C. Arnold, N. Balakrishnan, H. N. Nagaraja, Records, New York: Wiley, 1998. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118150412 |
| [10] |
M. Salehi, J. Ahmadi, S. Dey, Comparison of two sampling schemes for generating record breaking data from the proportional hazard rate models, Commun. Stat.-Theory M., 45 (2016), 3721–3733. https://doi.org/10.1080/03610926.2014.909938 doi: 10.1080/03610926.2014.909938
|
| [11] |
M. Eskandarzadeh, S. Tahmasebi, M. Afshari, Information measures for record ranked set samples, Cienc. Nat., 38 (2016), 554–563. https://doi.org/10.5902/2179460X19527 doi: 10.5902/2179460X19527
|
| [12] |
J. Paul, P. Y. Thomas, Concomitant record ranked set sampling, Commun. Statist. Theory Methods, 46 (2017), 9518–9540. https://doi.org/10.1080/03610926.2016.1213286 doi: 10.1080/03610926.2016.1213286
|
| [13] |
A. Safarian, M. Arashi, R. A. Belaghi, Improved estimators for stress–strength reliability using record ranked set sampling scheme, Commun. Stat.-Simul. C., 48 (2019), 2708–2726. https://doi.org/10.1080/03610918.2018.1468451 doi: 10.1080/03610918.2018.1468451
|
| [14] |
A. Sadeghpour, M. Salehi, A. Nezakati, Estimation of the stress–strength reliability using lower record ranked set sampling scheme under the generalized exponential distribution, J. Stat. Comput. Sim., 90 (2020), 51–74. https://doi.org/10.1080/00949655.2019.1672694 doi: 10.1080/00949655.2019.1672694
|
| [15] |
Y. Dong, W. Gui, Reliability estimation in stress–strength for generalized Rayleigh distribution using a lower record ranked set sampling scheme, Mathematics, 12 (2024), 1650. https://doi.org/10.3390/math12111650 doi: 10.3390/math12111650
|
| [16] |
Z. W. Birnbaum, On a use of Mann–Whitney statistics, P. Third Berkeley Symp. Math. Stat. Probab., 1 (1956), 13–17. https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520313880-005 doi: 10.1525/9780520313880-005
|
| [17] | S. Kotz, Y. Lumelskii, M. Pensky, The stress–strength model and its generalizations: Theory and applications, Singapore: World Scientific, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1142/9789812564511 |
| [18] |
D. Kundu, R. D. Gupta, Estimation of P(X < Y) for generalized exponential distribution, Metrika, 61 (2005), 291–308. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001840400345 doi: 10.1007/s001840400345
|
| [19] |
M. Z. Raqab, T. Madi, D. Kundu, Estimation of P(Y < X) for the three-parameter generalized exponential distribution, Commun. Stat.-Theory M., 37 (2008), 2854–2865. https://doi.org/10.1080/03610920802162664 doi: 10.1080/03610920802162664
|
| [20] |
C. Kim, Y. Chung, Bayesian estimation of P(Y < X) from Burr type X model containing spurious observations, Stat. Pap., 47 (2006), 643–656. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00362-006-0310-2 doi: 10.1007/s00362-006-0310-2
|
| [21] |
A. S. Hassan, A. M. A. Elghaffar, E-Bayesian and hierarchical Bayesian stress–strength reliability modeling under partially accelerated life testing, J. Stat. Theory Pract., 20 (2026), 21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42519-025-00532-5 doi: 10.1007/s42519-025-00532-5
|
| [22] |
E. A. Ahmed, L. A. Al-Essa, Inference of stress–strength reliability based on adaptive progressive type-Ⅱ censoring from Chen distribution with application to carbon fiber data, AIMS Math., 9 (2024), 20482–20515. https://doi.org/10.3934/math.2024996 doi: 10.3934/math.2024996
|
| [23] |
A. K. Mahto, K. Abhishek, Y. M. Tripathi, O. S. Balogun, Y. A. Tashkandy, M. E. Bakr, On multicomponent stress–strength reliability for progressively censored logistic exponential model, Alex. Eng. J., 127 (2025), 830–847. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2025.06.004 doi: 10.1016/j.aej.2025.06.004
|
| [24] |
H. A. Newer, Multicomponent stress–strength reliability analysis using the inverted exponentiated Rayleigh distribution under block adaptive type-Ⅱ progressive hybrid censoring and k-records, Sci. Rep., 15 (2025), 43820. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-30570-9 doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-30570-9
|
| [25] |
S. G. Nassr, O. Abo-Kasem, R. H. Khashab, E. Alshawarbeh, S. S. Alshqaq, N. M. Elharoun, Reliability analysis of inverted exponentiated Rayleigh parameters via progressive hybrid censoring data with applications in medical data, PLoS One, 20 (2025), e0336169. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0336169 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0336169
|
| [26] |
D. Abdo, A. A. El-Saeed, A. Abdelmegaly, Evaluating fit of some survival analysis models with application and simulation, Egypt. Stat. J., 68 (2024), 86–103. https://doi.org/10.21608/esju.2024.314785.1040 doi: 10.21608/esju.2024.314785.1040
|
| [27] |
A. S. Hassan, A. M. A. Elghaffar, Inference on stress–strength reliability model under step-stress partially accelerated life testing based on the Lomax distribution, Qual. Quant., 2026. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-026-02648-7 doi: 10.1007/s11135-026-02648-7
|
| [28] |
T. Erbayram, Y. Akdoğan, C. Chesneau, Stress–strength reliability for the Poisson–Lindley distribution based on the ranked set sample method, B. Iran. Math. Soc., 51 (2025), 52. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41980-025-00980-6 doi: 10.1007/s41980-025-00980-6
|
| [29] |
A. Baklizi, Estimation of P(X < Y) using record values in the one and two parameter exponential distributions, Commun. Stat.-Theor. M., 37 (2008), 692–698. https://doi.org/10.1080/03610920701501921 doi: 10.1080/03610920701501921
|
| [30] |
M. Basirat, S. Baratpour, J. Ahmadi, On estimation of stress–strength parameter using record values from proportional hazard rate models, Commun. Stat.-Theor. M., 45 (2016), 5787–5801. https://doi.org/10.1080/03610926.2014.948727 doi: 10.1080/03610926.2014.948727
|
| [31] |
F. Condino, F. Domma, G. Latorre, Likelihood and Bayesian estimation of P(Y < X) using lower record values from a proportional reversed hazard family, Stat. Pap., 59 (2018), 467–485. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00362-016-0772-9 doi: 10.1007/s00362-016-0772-9
|
| [32] |
R. M. Juvairiyya, P. Anilkumar, Estimation of stress–strength reliability for the Pareto distribution based on upper record values, Statistica, 78 (2018), 397–409. https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.1973-2201/8242 doi: 10.6092/issn.1973-2201/8242
|
| [33] |
A. Chaturvedi, A. Malhotra, On estimation of stress–strength reliability using lower record values from proportional reversed hazard family, Am. J. Math. Manag. Sci., 39 (2020), 234–251. https://doi.org/10.1080/01966324.2020.1722299 doi: 10.1080/01966324.2020.1722299
|
| [34] |
A. Pak, M. Z. Raqab, M. R. Mahmoudi, S. S. Band, A. Mosavi, Estimation of stress–strength reliability R = P(X > Y) based on Weibull record data in the presence of inter-record times, Alex. Eng. J., 61 (2022), 2130–2144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2021.07.025 doi: 10.1016/j.aej.2021.07.025
|
| [35] |
Y. Yu, L. Wang, S. Dey, J. Liu, Estimation of stress–strength reliability from unit-Burr Ⅲ distribution under records data, Math. Biosci. Eng., 20 (2023), 12360–12379. https://doi.org/10.3934/mbe.2023550 doi: 10.3934/mbe.2023550
|
| [36] |
B. Elkalzah, M. O. Mohamed, K. Elsharkawy, E. S. Osman, A. Aldukeel, G. A. Marei, Classical and Bayesian estimation of stress–strength reliability under the discrete alpha-power Weibull distribution with incomplete and record data: Application to high-voltage capacitors, AIMS Math., 11 (2026), 6374–6399. https://doi.org/10.3934/math.2026263 doi: 10.3934/math.2026263
|
| [37] |
A. S. Hassan, T. Alballa, E. Alshawarbeh, D. Basalamah, S. G. Nassr, R. E. Mohamed, Reliability analysis in stress–strength model under record values with practical verification, Sci. Rep., 2026. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-39638-6 doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-39638-6
|
| [38] |
J. Pickands, Statistical inference using extreme order statistics, Ann. Stat., 3 (1975), 119–131. https://doi.org/10.1214/aos/1176343003 doi: 10.1214/aos/1176343003
|
| [39] |
J. Chen, C. Cheng, Reliability of stress–strength model for exponentiated Pareto distributions, J. Stat. Comput. Sim., 87 (2017), 791–805. https://doi.org/10.1080/00949655.2016.1226309 doi: 10.1080/00949655.2016.1226309
|
| [40] |
R. Gupta, R. D. Gupta, P. L. Gupta, Modeling failure time data by Lehmann alternatives, Commun. Stat.-Theor. M., 27 (1998), 887–904. https://doi.org/10.1080/03610929808832134 doi: 10.1080/03610929808832134
|
| [41] |
K. Aarssen, L. de Haan, On the maximal life span of humans, Math. Popul. Stud., 4 (1994), 259–281. https://doi.org/10.1080/08898489409525379 doi: 10.1080/08898489409525379
|
| [42] |
G. R. Daragahi-Noubary, On tail estimation: an improved method, Math. Geol., 21 (1989), 829–842. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00894450 doi: 10.1007/BF00894450
|
| [43] |
D. Zelterman, A statistical distribution with an unbounded hazard function and its application to a theory from demography, Biometrics, 48 (1992), 807–818. https://doi.org/10.2307/2532346 doi: 10.2307/2532346
|
| [44] |
N. Mole, C. W. Anderson, S. Nadarajah, C. Wright, A generalised Pareto distribution model for high concentrations in short-range atmospheric dispersion, Environmetrics, 6 (1995), 595–606. https://doi.org/10.1002/env.3170060606 doi: 10.1002/env.3170060606
|
| [45] |
A. S. Hassan, Y. S. Morgan, Bayesian and frequentist analysis of stress–strength reliability modeling involving outliers with application to insurance data, J. Inf. Data Manag., 2026. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42488-025-00158-z doi: 10.1007/s42488-025-00158-z
|
| [46] |
S. Saini, Advancements in reliability estimation for the exponentiated Pareto distribution: A comparison of classical and Bayesian methods with lower record values, Computation Stat., 40 (2025), 353–382. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00180-024-01497-y doi: 10.1007/s00180-024-01497-y
|
| [47] |
F. G. Akgül, Classical and Bayesian estimation of multicomponent stress–strength reliability for exponentiated Pareto distribution, Soft Comput., 25 (2021), 9185–9197. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00500-021-05902-2 doi: 10.1007/s00500-021-05902-2
|
| [48] |
E. M. Almetwally, A. S. Hassan, Enhanced estimators for the multi-stress strength reliability using an advanced progressive hybrid censoring scheme, AIMS Math., 11 (2026), 7740–7765. https://doi.org/10.3934/math.2026318 doi: 10.3934/math.2026318
|
| [49] |
M. J. Nooghabi, On estimation in the exponentiated Pareto distribution in the presence of outliers, Appl. Math. Inform. Sci., 11 (2017), 1129–1137. https://doi.org/10.18576/amis/110420 doi: 10.18576/amis/110420
|
| [50] |
M. A. E. Mahmoud, N. M. Yhiea, S. M. El-Said, Estimation of parameters for the exponentiated Pareto distribution based on progressively type-Ⅱ right censored data, J. Egypt. Math. Soc., 24 (2016), 431–436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joems.2015.09.002 doi: 10.1016/j.joems.2015.09.002
|
| [51] |
H. J. Khamnei, I. M. Kavaliauskiene, M. Fathi, A. Valackiene, S. Ghorbani, Parameter estimation of the exponentiated Pareto distribution using ranked set sampling and simple random sampling, Axioms, 11 (2022), 293. https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms11060293 doi: 10.3390/axioms11060293
|
| [52] |
R. J. Tibshirani, B. Efron, An introduction to the bootstrap, Monogr. Stat. Appl. Probab., 57 (1993), 1–436. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-4541-9_1 doi: 10.1007/978-1-4899-4541-9_1
|
| [53] |
S. Dey, T. Dey, D. J. Luckett, Statistical inference for the generalized inverted exponential distribution based on upper record values, Math. Comput. Simulat., 120 (2016), 64–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matcom.2015.06.012 doi: 10.1016/j.matcom.2015.06.012
|
| [54] |
S. Singh, Y. M. Tripathi, Estimating the parameters of an inverse Weibull distribution under progressive type-Ⅰ interval censoring, Stat. Pap., 59 (2018), 21–56. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00362-016-0750-2 doi: 10.1007/s00362-016-0750-2
|
| [55] |
W. Nelson, Graphical analysis of accelerated life test data with the inverse power law model, IEEE T. Reliab., 21 (1972), 2–11. https://doi.org/10.1109/TR.1972.5216164 doi: 10.1109/TR.1972.5216164
|
| [56] | J. F. Lawless, Statistical models and methods for lifetime data, 2 Eds., Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118033005 |