This paper establishes a direct correspondence between the geometric covering theory of strict 2-groupoids and the algebraic lifting theory of crossed modules over groupoids. Working entirely within an object-preserving framework, we prove a chain of categorical equivalences linking strict 2-groupoid actions, covering strict 2-groupoids, liftings of crossed modules, and covering crossed modules. Additionally, we introduce a quotient theory for strict 2-groupoids via normal 2-group bundles. We demonstrate that this quotient construction preserves the covering property and naturally induces canonical lifting crossed modules, providing a unified perspective on these geometric and algebraic structures.
Citation: Sedat Temel. Covering theory for strict 2-groupoids via actions, quotients, and crossed modules over groupoids[J]. AIMS Mathematics, 2026, 11(8): 27370-27395. doi: 10.3934/math.20261095
This paper establishes a direct correspondence between the geometric covering theory of strict 2-groupoids and the algebraic lifting theory of crossed modules over groupoids. Working entirely within an object-preserving framework, we prove a chain of categorical equivalences linking strict 2-groupoid actions, covering strict 2-groupoids, liftings of crossed modules, and covering crossed modules. Additionally, we introduce a quotient theory for strict 2-groupoids via normal 2-group bundles. We demonstrate that this quotient construction preserves the covering property and naturally induces canonical lifting crossed modules, providing a unified perspective on these geometric and algebraic structures.
| [1] |
J. H. C. Whitehead, Note on a previous paper entitled on adding relations to homotopy groups, Ann. Math., 47 (1946), 806–810. https://doi.org/10.2307/1969237 doi: 10.2307/1969237
|
| [2] | J. H. C. Whitehead, Combinatorial homotopy. Ⅱ, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc., 55 (1949), 453–496. https://doi.org/10.1090/S0002-9904-1949-09213-3 |
| [3] | R. Brown, P. J. Higgins, R. Sivera, Nonabelian algebraic topology: filtered spaces, crossed complexes, cubical homotopy groupoids, European Mathematical Society, 2011. https://doi.org/10.4171/083 |
| [4] | R. Brown, P. J. Higgins, Crossed complexes and non-abelian extensions, In: K. H. Kamps, D. Pumplün, W. Tholen, Category theory, Lecture Notes in Mathematics, Springer, 962 (1981), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0066884 |
| [5] |
R. Brown, C. B. Spencer, $\mathcal{G}$-groupoids, crossed modules and the fundamental groupoid of a topological group, Proc. K. Ned. Akad. Wet., Ser. A, 79 (1976), 296–302. https://doi.org/10.1016/1385-7258(76)90068-8 doi: 10.1016/1385-7258(76)90068-8
|
| [6] | İ. İçen, The equivalence of 2-groupoids and crossed modules, Commun. Fac. Sci. Univ. Ankara Ser. A1 Math. Stat., 49 (2000), 39–48. |
| [7] |
R. Brown, I. İçen, Homotopies and automorphisms of crossed modules of groupoids, Appl. Categor. Struct., 11 (2003), 185–206. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023544303612 doi: 10.1023/A:1023544303612
|
| [8] |
J. C. Baez, A. D. Lauda, Higher dimensional algebra V: 2-groups, Theory Appl. Categ., 12 (2004), 423–491. https://doi.org/10.70930/tac/7lpny27k doi: 10.70930/tac/7lpny27k
|
| [9] |
B. Noohi, Notes on 2-groupoids, 2-groups and crossed modules, Homol. Homotopy Appl., 9 (2007), 75–106. https://doi.org/10.4310/HHA.2007.v9.n1.a3 doi: 10.4310/HHA.2007.v9.n1.a3
|
| [10] |
R. Brown, G. Danesh-Naruie, J. P. L. Hardy, Topological groupoids: Ⅱ. Covering morphisms and G-spaces, Math. Nachr, 74 (1976), 143–156. https://doi.org/10.1002/mana.3210740110 doi: 10.1002/mana.3210740110
|
| [11] |
R. Brown, O. Mucuk, Covering groups of non-connected topological groups revisited, Math. Proc. Cambridge Philos. Soc., 115 (1994), 97–110. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305004100071942 doi: 10.1017/S0305004100071942
|
| [12] |
O. Mucuk, T. Şahan, Group-groupoid actions and liftings of crossed modules, Georgian Math. J., 26 (2019), 437–447. https://doi.org/10.1515/gmj-2018-0001 doi: 10.1515/gmj-2018-0001
|
| [13] | F. Borceux, G. Janelidze, Galois theories, Vol. 72, Cambridge University Press, 2001. |
| [14] |
H. F. Akı z, N. Alemdar, O. Mucuk, T. Şahan, Coverings of internal groupoids and crossed modules in the category of groups with operations, Georgian Math. J., 20 (2013), 223–238. https://doi.org/10.1515/gmj-2013-0021 doi: 10.1515/gmj-2013-0021
|
| [15] |
S. Temel, Some notes on crossed semimodules, Turk. J. Math., 46 (2022), 768–784. https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0098.3122 doi: 10.55730/1300-0098.3122
|
| [16] |
S. Temel, O. Çan, Coverings, actions and quotients in $\text{cat}^1$-groupoids, Mat. Vesn., 76 (2024), 280–287. https://doi.org/10.57016/mv-spdf3739 doi: 10.57016/mv-spdf3739
|
| [17] | T. Şahan, Grupoidler üzerindeki çaprazlanmış modüllerin yükselmeleri, In: H. A. SAĞLIKER, Fen bilimleri ve matematik alaninda araştirma ve değerlendirmeler, Gece Akademi, Ankara, 2019. Available from: https://www.gecekitapligi.com/Webkontrol/uploads/Fck/fen_3.pdf. |
| [18] |
A. E. Tatar, Length 3 complexes of abelian sheaves and Picard 2-stacks, Adv. Math., 226 (2011), 62–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aim.2010.06.012 doi: 10.1016/j.aim.2010.06.012
|
| [19] |
C. Bertolin, A. E. Tatar, Extensions of Picard 2-stacks and the cohomology groups $\mathrm{Ext}^i$ of length 3 complexes, Ann. Mat., 193 (2014), 291–315. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10231-013-0347-5 doi: 10.1007/s10231-013-0347-5
|
| [20] |
C. Bertolin, A. E. Tatar, Higher-dimensional study of extensions via torsors, Ann. Mat., 197 (2018), 433–468. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10231-017-0686-8 doi: 10.1007/s10231-017-0686-8
|
| [21] |
E. Aldrovandi, B. Noohi, Butterflies Ⅰ: morphisms of 2-group stacks, Adv. Math., 221 (2009), 687–773. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aim.2008.12.014 doi: 10.1016/j.aim.2008.12.014
|
| [22] |
E. Aldrovandi, B. Noohi, Butterflies Ⅱ: torsors for 2-group stacks, Adv. Math., 225 (2010), 922–976. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aim.2010.03.011 doi: 10.1016/j.aim.2010.03.011
|
| [23] | R. Brown, Topology and groupoids: a geometric account of general topology, homotopy types and the fundamental groupoid, Deganwy, United Kingdom, 2006. |
| [24] | P. J. Higgins, Notes on categories and groupoids, Van Nostrand Rienhold, London, 1971. |
| [25] | P. J. Higgins, Categories and groupoids, Reprints in Theory and Applications of Categories, 7 (2005), 1–195. |
| [26] |
S. Temel, Normality and quotient in crossed modules over groupoids and 2-groupoids, Korean J. Math., 27 (2019), 151–163. https://doi.org/10.11568/kjm.2019.27.1.151 doi: 10.11568/kjm.2019.27.1.151
|
| [27] | S. Maclane, Categories for the working mathematician, Springer-Verlag New York, 1971. |
| [28] | K. Mackenzie, Lie groupoids and Lie algebroids in differential geometry, Cambridge University Press, 1987. |
| [29] |
R. Brown, P. J. Higgins, Tensor products and homotopies for $\omega$-groupoids and crossed complexes, J. Pure Appl. Algebra, 47 (1987), 1–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-4049(87)90099-5 doi: 10.1016/0022-4049(87)90099-5
|
| [30] | T. Porter, Crossed modules in $\text{Cat}$ and a Brown-Spencer theorem for 2-categories, Cah. Topol. Geom. Differ. Categoriques, 26 (1985), 381–388. |
| [31] | J. C. Baez, A. Baratin, L. Freidel, D. K. Wise, Infinite-dimensional representations of 2-groups, Memoirs of the American Mathematical Society, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1090/S0065-9266-2012-00652-6 |
| [32] | J. C. Baez, J. Dolan, Categorification, In: E. Getzler, M. Kapranov, Contemporary mathematics, Workshop on Higher Category Theory and Physics March 28–30, Northwestern University, Evanston, 230 (1998), 1–36. https://doi.org/10.1090/conm/230/03336 |
| [33] |
S. Temel, Crossed semimodules of categories and Schreier 2-categories, Tbilisi Math. J., 11 (2018), 47–57. https://doi.org/10.32513/tbilisi/1529460021 doi: 10.32513/tbilisi/1529460021
|
| [34] |
S. Temel, The theory of cat$^1$-2-groups among higher categorical models, AIMS Math., 11 (2026), 6141–6161. https://doi.org/10.3934/math.2026254 doi: 10.3934/math.2026254
|
| [35] |
S. Temel, Further remarks on group-2-groupoids, Appl. Gen. Topol., 22 (2021), 31–46. https://doi.org/10.4995/agt.2021.13148 doi: 10.4995/agt.2021.13148
|