Qualitative study of the (2+1)-dimensional BLMPE equation: Variational principle, Hamiltonian and diverse wave solutions

Kangjia Wang; Kanghua Yan; Feng Shi; Geng Li; Xiaolian Liu; Kangjia Wang; Kanghua Yan; Feng Shi; Geng Li; Xiaolian Liu

doi:10.3934/math.20251152

AIMS Mathematics

2025, Volume 10, Issue 11: 26168-26186. doi: 10.3934/math.20251152

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Research article

Qualitative study of the (2+1)-dimensional BLMPE equation: Variational principle, Hamiltonian and diverse wave solutions

School of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China

Received: 20 September 2025 Revised: 15 October 2025 Accepted: 05 November 2025 Published: 12 November 2025
MSC : 35C07, 34C23

The current study aims to present detailed qualitative and quantitative research on the (2+1)-dimensional Boiti-Leon-Manna-Pempinelli equation (BLMPE), which plays a key role in the field of incompressible fluids. First, we constructed the variational principle using the semi-inverse method (SIM) and developed the Hamiltonian based on the variational principle. Then, we derived the planar dynamical system (PDS), depicted the phase portraits, and carried out the bifurcation analysis to expound the existence of wave solutions with the different wave shapes. In addition, chaotic behaviors were elaborated by imposing the perturbed term, and the sensitivity analysis was conducted by taking the different initial conditions. Finally, the invariant algebraic curve approach (based on the PDS), the direct mapping method (from the unified equation), and the Hamiltonian based method were used to investigate the diverse wave solutions, including the anti-kink solitary, kink solitary, periodic, and singular periodic wave solutions. The profiles of these different solutions are graphically illustrated by assigning reasonable parameters. The results of this paper are novel and can provide a better insight into the dynamics of the equation under consideration.
- chaotic pattern,
- phase portrait,
- sensitivity analysis,
- bifurcation,
- Hamiltonian,
- invariant algebraic curve approach
Citation: Kangjia Wang, Kanghua Yan, Feng Shi, Geng Li, Xiaolian Liu. Qualitative study of the (2+1)-dimensional BLMPE equation: Variational principle, Hamiltonian and diverse wave solutions[J]. AIMS Mathematics, 2025, 10(11): 26168-26186. doi: 10.3934/math.20251152

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Abstract

The current study aims to present detailed qualitative and quantitative research on the (2+1)-dimensional Boiti-Leon-Manna-Pempinelli equation (BLMPE), which plays a key role in the field of incompressible fluids. First, we constructed the variational principle using the semi-inverse method (SIM) and developed the Hamiltonian based on the variational principle. Then, we derived the planar dynamical system (PDS), depicted the phase portraits, and carried out the bifurcation analysis to expound the existence of wave solutions with the different wave shapes. In addition, chaotic behaviors were elaborated by imposing the perturbed term, and the sensitivity analysis was conducted by taking the different initial conditions. Finally, the invariant algebraic curve approach (based on the PDS), the direct mapping method (from the unified equation), and the Hamiltonian based method were used to investigate the diverse wave solutions, including the anti-kink solitary, kink solitary, periodic, and singular periodic wave solutions. The profiles of these different solutions are graphically illustrated by assigning reasonable parameters. The results of this paper are novel and can provide a better insight into the dynamics of the equation under consideration.

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