The growing clinical demand for antimicrobial textiles requires ensuring that their performance remains stable after sterilization, a critical condition for medical-grade materials. Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are widely used for their antimicrobial properties. However, autoclave sterilization can induce morphological and physicochemical changes due to wet steam and high-pressure conditions, potentially compromising their antibacterial performance. The specific behavior of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-stabilized Ag NPs immobilized on cellulosic fibers under clinically relevant sterilization conditions remains poorly understood. This study evaluated the antibacterial performance of Ag/PVP-coated cotton gauzes subjected to a standard clinical sterilization protocol consisting of autoclaving at 121 ℃ for 35 min followed by dry heating. The non-woven cotton gauzes were in situ impregnated with Ag/PVP nanoparticles under different synthesis conditions, with varying impregnation time and substrate alkalinity, with an emphasis on sonication as the dispersion method. The textiles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), while colloidal solutions were analyzed by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis). Water absorption, water vapor permeability, and tensile properties were also evaluated. Quantitative evaluation of the antimicrobial effect of Ag/PVP nanoparticle-impregnated gauzes before and after the autoclaving process was performed according to ASTM E-2149 and correlated with nanoparticle size changes. Additionally, cell viability was evaluated using the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Antibacterial testing according to ASTM E-2149 showed reductions of approximately 95% against Staphylococcus aureus and 99% against Escherichia coli, which were maintained after autoclave sterilization. MTT results showed acceptable cell viability at 24 h, followed by a decrease at 48 h, indicating a time-dependent cytotoxic effect. The release study further revealed that an additional 24 h of static impregnation significantly improves nanoparticle homogeneity and release control. Overall, this work provides practical guidelines for the rational design of clinically compatible antimicrobial textiles with predictable post-sterilization behavior.
Citation: Nataly Arrieta-Sandoval, Claudia A. Rodríguez-González, Imelda Olivas-Armendáriz, Laura E. Valencia-Gómez, Juan F. Hernández-Paz. Ultrasound-assisted finishing of cellulosic textiles with silver/PVP nanoparticles: Effects of autoclave sterilization on antibacterial performance, nanoparticle release, and cytocompatibility[J]. AIMS Materials Science, 2026, 13(3): 444-473. doi: 10.3934/matersci.2026022
The growing clinical demand for antimicrobial textiles requires ensuring that their performance remains stable after sterilization, a critical condition for medical-grade materials. Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are widely used for their antimicrobial properties. However, autoclave sterilization can induce morphological and physicochemical changes due to wet steam and high-pressure conditions, potentially compromising their antibacterial performance. The specific behavior of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-stabilized Ag NPs immobilized on cellulosic fibers under clinically relevant sterilization conditions remains poorly understood. This study evaluated the antibacterial performance of Ag/PVP-coated cotton gauzes subjected to a standard clinical sterilization protocol consisting of autoclaving at 121 ℃ for 35 min followed by dry heating. The non-woven cotton gauzes were in situ impregnated with Ag/PVP nanoparticles under different synthesis conditions, with varying impregnation time and substrate alkalinity, with an emphasis on sonication as the dispersion method. The textiles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), while colloidal solutions were analyzed by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis). Water absorption, water vapor permeability, and tensile properties were also evaluated. Quantitative evaluation of the antimicrobial effect of Ag/PVP nanoparticle-impregnated gauzes before and after the autoclaving process was performed according to ASTM E-2149 and correlated with nanoparticle size changes. Additionally, cell viability was evaluated using the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Antibacterial testing according to ASTM E-2149 showed reductions of approximately 95% against Staphylococcus aureus and 99% against Escherichia coli, which were maintained after autoclave sterilization. MTT results showed acceptable cell viability at 24 h, followed by a decrease at 48 h, indicating a time-dependent cytotoxic effect. The release study further revealed that an additional 24 h of static impregnation significantly improves nanoparticle homogeneity and release control. Overall, this work provides practical guidelines for the rational design of clinically compatible antimicrobial textiles with predictable post-sterilization behavior.
| [1] |
Ahmad W, Aquil Z, Alam SS (2020) Historical background of wound care. Hamdan Med 13: 189–195. https://doi.org/10.4103/HMJ.HMJ_37_20 doi: 10.4103/HMJ.HMJ_37_20
|
| [2] |
Martínez-Correa E, Osorio-Delgado MA, Henao-Tamayo LJ, et al. (2020) Clasificación sistemática de apósitos: una revisión bibliográfica. Revista mexicana de ingeniería biomédica 41: 5–28. https://doi.org/10.17488/rmib.41.1.1 doi: 10.17488/rmib.41.1.1
|
| [3] | Sezer AD, Cevher E (2011) Biopolymers as wound healing materials: Challenges and new strategies, In: Pignatello R, Biomaterials Applications for Nanomedicine, London: InTech, 383–414. https://doi.org/10.5772/25177 |
| [4] |
Shalaby MA, Anwar MM, Saeed H (2022) Nanomaterials for application in wound healing: Current state-of-the-art and future perspectives. J Polym Res 29: 91. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-021-02870-x doi: 10.1007/s10965-021-02870-x
|
| [5] | Kim N, Lee S, Atala A (2013) Biomedical nanomaterials in tissue engineering, In: Gaharwar A, Sant S, Hancock M, et al. Nanomaterials in Tissue Engineering, Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing, 1–25e. https://doi.org/10.1533/9780857097231.1 |
| [6] |
Cao F, Wei C, Ma G, et al. (2021) Synthesis of photothermal antimicrobial cotton gauze using AuNPs as photothermal transduction agents. RSC Adv 11: 25976–25982. https://doi.org/10.1039/d1ra01597d doi: 10.1039/d1ra01597d
|
| [7] |
Liu G, Xiang J, Xia Q, et al. (2019) Superhydrophobic cotton gauze with durably antibacterial activity as skin wound dressing. Cellulose 26: 1383–1397. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-018-2110-y doi: 10.1007/s10570-018-2110-y
|
| [8] |
Zhou L, Yu K, Lu F, et al. (2020) Minimizing antibiotic dosage through in situ formation of gold nanoparticles across antibacterial wound dressings: A facile approach using silk fabric as the base substrate. J Clean Prod 243: 118604. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118604 doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118604
|
| [9] |
Sathiyaseelan A, Saravanakumar K, Wang M (2022) Bimetallic silver-platinum (AgPt) nanoparticles and chitosan fabricated cotton gauze for enhanced antimicrobial and wound healing applications. Int J Biol Macromol 220: 1556–1569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.045 doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.045
|
| [10] |
Kim J, Kang SH, Choi Y, et al. (2023) Antibacterial and biofilm-inhibiting cotton fabrics decorated with copper nanoparticles grown on graphene nanosheets. Sci Rep 13: 11947. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-38723-4 doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-38723-4
|
| [11] |
Gonçalves RA, Ku JW, Zhang H, et al. (2022) Copper-nanoparticle-coated fabrics for rapid and sustained antibacterial activity applications. ACS Appl Nano Mater 5: 12876–12886. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.2c02736 doi: 10.1021/acsanm.2c02736
|
| [12] |
Chapa-González C, González-García L, Burciaga-Jurado L, et al. (2023) Bactericidal activity of silver nanoparticles in drug-resistant bacteria. Braz J Microbiol 54: 691–701. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-023-00991-7 doi: 10.1007/s42770-023-00991-7
|
| [13] |
Patel M, Kikani T, Saren U, et al. (2024) Bactericidal, anti-biofilm, anti-oxidant potency and catalytic property of silver nanoparticles embedded into functionalised chitosan gel. Int J Biol Macromol 262: 129968. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129968 doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129968
|
| [14] |
Gong X, Jadhav ND, Lonikar VV, et al. (2024) An overview of green synthesized silver nanoparticles towards bioactive antibacterial, antimicrobial and antifungal applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 323: 103053. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2023.103053 doi: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.103053
|
| [15] |
Aldakheel FM, Mohsen D, El Sayed MM, et al. (2023) Silver nanoparticles loaded on chitosan-g-PVA hydrogel for the wound-healing applications. Molecules 28: 3241. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28073241 doi: 10.3390/molecules28073241
|
| [16] |
Xu M, Ji X, Huo J, et al. (2023) Nonreleasing AgNP colloids composite hydrogel with potent hemostatic, photodynamic bactericidal and wound healing-promoting properties. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 15: 17742–17756. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.3c03247 doi: 10.1021/acsami.3c03247
|
| [17] |
Diniz FR, Maia RCA, de Andrade LRM, et al. (2020) Silver nanoparticles-composing alginate/gelatine hydrogel improves wound healing in vivo. Nanomaterials 10: 390. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10020390 doi: 10.3390/nano10020390
|
| [18] |
Wang X, Wang Z, Fang S, et al. (2021) Injectable Ag nanoclusters-based hydrogel for wound healing via eliminating bacterial infection and promoting tissue regeneration. Chem Eng J 420: 127589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.127589 doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2020.127589
|
| [19] |
El-Aassar M, Ibrahim OM, Fouda MM, et al. (2020) Wound healing of nanofiber comprising Polygalacturonic/Hyaluronic acid embedded silver nanoparticles: In-vitro and in-vivo studies. Carbohydr Polym 238: 116175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116175 doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116175
|
| [20] |
Alven S, Buyana B, Feketshane Z, et al. (2021) Electrospun nanofibers/nanofibrous scaffolds loaded with silver nanoparticles as effective antibacterial wound dressing materials. Pharmaceutics 13: 964. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13070964 doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13070964
|
| [21] |
Mostafa M, Kandile NG, Mahmoud MK, et al. (2022) Synthesis and characterization of polystyrene with embedded silver nanoparticle nanofibers to utilize as antibacterial and wound healing biomaterial. Heliyon 8: e08872. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08772 doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08772
|
| [22] |
Liu M, Liu T, Chen X, et al. (2018) Nano-silver-incorporated biomimetic polydopamine coating on a thermoplastic polyurethane porous nanocomposite as an efficient antibacterial wound dressing. J Nanobiotechnol 16: 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-018-0416-4 doi: 10.1186/s12951-018-0416-4
|
| [23] |
Brogliato AR, Borges PA, Barros JF, et al. (2014) The effect and safety of dressing composed by nylon threads covered with metallic silver in wound treatment. Int Wound J 11: 190–197. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-481x.2012.01065.x doi: 10.1111/j.1742-481x.2012.01065.x
|
| [24] |
Mehta K, Kumar V, Rai B, et al. (2022) Development of cost effective, breathable & biocompatible nanosilver impregnated, acrylic acid grafted non-woven polypropylene (NWPP) wound dressing material with long lasting antimicrobial efficacy. J Polym Res 29: 191. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-022-03001-w doi: 10.1007/s10965-022-03001-w
|
| [25] |
Gupta H, Verma C, Sharma A, et al. (2022) Development of silver immobilized biofunctional PET fabric for antimicrobial wound dressing. J Polym Res 29: 29. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-021–02844-z doi: 10.1007/s10965-021–02844-z
|
| [26] |
Yuan S, Li J, Qi D, et al. (2023) Preparation of efficient and green silver-loaded viscose fabric and its antibacterial durability. J Polym Environ 31: 4069–4079. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-023–02844-8 doi: 10.1007/s10924-023–02844-8
|
| [27] |
Yang L, Jing Y, Zhou L, et al. (2025) Synthesis of viral-like lignin/Ag nanoparticles with spiky surfaces for antibacterial and antioxidant applications. Int J Biol Macromol 305: 141034. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.141034 doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.141034
|
| [28] |
Khansa I, Schoenbrunner AR, Kraft CT, et al. (2019) Silver in wound care—friend or foe?: A comprehensive review. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 7: 2390. https://doi.org/10.1097/gox.0000000000002390 doi: 10.1097/gox.0000000000002390
|
| [29] |
Foti A, Calì L, Petralia S, et al. (2023) Green nanoformulations of polyvinylpyrrolidone-capped metal nanoparticles: A study at the hybrid interface with biomimetic cell membranes and in vitro cell models. Nanomaterials 13: 1624. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13101624 doi: 10.3390/nano13101624
|
| [30] |
Neto FNS, Morais LA, Gorup LF, et al. (2023) Facile synthesis of PVP-coated silver nanoparticles and evaluation of their physicochemical, antimicrobial and toxic activity. Colloids Interfaces 7: 66. https://doi.org/10.3390/colloids7040066 doi: 10.3390/colloids7040066
|
| [31] |
Ortega-Córdova R, Sánchez-Carillo K, Carrasco-Saavedra S, et al. (2024) Polyvinylpyrrolidone-mediated synthesis of ultra-stable gold nanoparticles in a nonaqueous choline chloride–urea deep eutectic solvent. RSC Appl Interfaces 1: 600–611. https://doi.org/10.1039/D3LF00261F doi: 10.1039/D3LF00261F
|
| [32] |
Schultz G, Mozingo D, Romanelli M, et al. (2005) Wound healing and TIME; new concepts and scientific applications. Wound Repair Regen 13: 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1067-1927.2005.1304s1.x doi: 10.1111/j.1067-1927.2005.1304s1.x
|
| [33] |
Abbasi AR, Morsali A (2011) Synthesis and properties of silk yarn containing Ag nanoparticles under ultrasound irradiation. Ultrason Sonochem 18: 282–287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2010.06.002 doi: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2010.06.002
|
| [34] | Moholkar VS (2002) Intensification of textile treatments: Sonoprocess engineering. Dissertation. Twente University. Available from: https://scispace.com/pdf/intensification-of-textile-treatments-sonoprocess-5ashh2qgdg.pdf. |
| [35] | Körlü A, Bahtiyari M (2021) Ultrasound-based wet processes in textile industry, In: Rather LJ, Haji A, Shabbir M, Innovative and Emerging Technologies for Textile Dyeing and Finishing, New York: Wiley, 265–299. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119710288.ch10 |
| [36] |
Harifi T, Montazer M (2015) A review on textile sonoprocessing: A special focus on sonosynthesis of nanomaterials on textile substrates. Ultrason Sonochem 23: 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2014.08.022 doi: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2014.08.022
|
| [37] |
Gotoh K, Harayama K (2013) Application of ultrasound to textiles washing in aqueous solutions. Ultrason Sonochem 20: 747–753. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2012.10.001 doi: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2012.10.001
|
| [38] |
Tissera ND, Wijesena RN, de Silva KN (2016) Ultrasound energy to accelerate dye uptake and dye–fiber interaction of reactive dye on knitted cotton fabric at low temperatures. Ultrason Sonochem 29: 270–278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.10.002 doi: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.10.002
|
| [39] |
Petkova P, Francesko A, Fernandes MM, et al. (2014) Sonochemical coating of textiles with hybrid ZnO/chitosan antimicrobial nanoparticles. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 6: 1164–1172. https://doi.org/10.1021/am404852d doi: 10.1021/am404852d
|
| [40] |
Martinaga Pintarić L, Somogi Škoc M, Ljoljić Bilić V, et al. (2020) Synthesis, modification and characterization of antimicrobial textile surface containing ZnO nanoparticles. Polymers 12: 1210. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12061210 doi: 10.3390/polym12061210
|
| [41] |
Silva DJ, Barbosa RF, Souza AG, et al. (2022) Morphological, UV blocking, and antimicrobial features of multifunctional cotton fibers coated with ZnO/Cu via sonochemistry. Mater Chem Phys 286: 126210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2022.126210 doi: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2022.126210
|
| [42] |
Li Q, Zhang N, Ni L, et al. (2021) One-pot high efficiency low temperature ultrasonic-assisted strategy for fully bio-based coloristic, anti-pilling, antistatic, bioactive and reinforced cashmere using grape seed proanthocyanidins. J Clean Prod 315: 128148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128148 doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128148
|
| [43] | Baggini SP (2022) Sterilization in microbiology. Medicon Microbiol 1: 23–29. Available from: https://themedicon.com/pdf/mcmi/MCMI-22-010.pdf. |
| [44] |
Chen WC, Ko CY, Chang KC, et al. (2022) Preparation of electrospun silver/poly(vinyl alcohol) fibrous membranes and characterization of the effect of sterilization processes on the antibacterial activity. J Ind Text 51: 7205S–7222S. https://doi.org/10.1177/1528083720913345 doi: 10.1177/1528083720913345
|
| [45] |
Zheng J, Clogston JD, Patri AK, et al. (2011) Sterilization of silver nanoparticles using standard gamma irradiation procedure affects particle integrity and biocompatibility. J Nanomed Nanotechnol 2011: 001. https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7439.S5-001 doi: 10.4172/2157-7439.S5-001
|
| [46] |
França A, Pelaz B, Moros M, et al. (2010) Sterilization matters: Consequences of different sterilization techniques on gold nanoparticles. Small 6: 89–95. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.200901006 doi: 10.1002/smll.200901006
|
| [47] |
Kokubo T, Takadama H (2006) How useful is SBF in predicting in vivo bone bioactivity? Biomaterials 27: 2907–2915. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.01.017 doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.01.017
|
| [48] |
Montes-Hernandez G, Di Girolamo M, Sarret G, et al. (2021) In situ formation of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) onto textile fibers. ACS Omega 6: 1316–1327. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.0c04814 doi: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04814
|
| [49] |
Čuk N, Šala M, Gorjanc M (2021) Development of antibacterial and UV protective cotton fabrics using plant food waste and alien invasive plant extracts as reducing agents for the in-situ synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Cellulose 28: 3215–3233. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-021-03715-y doi: 10.1007/s10570-021-03715-y
|
| [50] |
Chen H, Zhang G, Zhang W, et al. (2023) Silver nanoparticles deposited on a cotton fabric surface via an in situ method using reactive hyperbranched polymers and their antibacterial properties. RSC Adv 13: 11450–11456. https://doi.org/10.1039/D3RA00989K doi: 10.1039/D3RA00989K
|
| [51] |
Abidi N, Cabrales L, Haigler C (2014) Changes in the cell wall and cellulose content of developing cotton fibers investigated by FTIR spectroscopy. Carbohydr Polym 100: 9–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.01.074 doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.01.074
|
| [52] |
Souza JM, Henriques M, Teixeira P, et al. (2019) Comfort and infection control of chitosan-impregnated cotton gauze as wound dressing. Fibers Polym 20: 922–932. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-019-9053-2 doi: 10.1007/s12221-019-9053-2
|
| [53] |
Abidi N, Hequet E, Cabrales L, et al. (2008) Evaluating cell wall structure and composition of developing cotton fibers using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. J Appl Polym Sci 107: 476–486. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.27100 doi: 10.1002/app.27100
|
| [54] |
Ilharco LM, Garcia AR, Lopes da Silva J, et al. (1997) Infrared approach to the study of adsorption on cellulose: Influence of cellulose crystallinity on the adsorption of benzophenone. Langmuir 13: 4126–4132. https://doi.org/10.1021/la962138u doi: 10.1021/la962138u
|
| [55] |
Selvam S, Sundrarajan M (2012) Functionalization of cotton fabric with PVP/ZnO nanoparticles for improved reactive dyeability and antibacterial activity. Carbohydr Polym 87: 1419–1424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.09.025 doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.09.025
|
| [56] |
Zhao T, Sun R, Yu S, et al. (2010) Size-controlled preparation of silver nanoparticles by a modified polyol method. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 366: 197–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2010.06.005 doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2010.06.005
|
| [57] |
Klemm D, Heublein B, Fink HP, et al. (2005) Cellulose: Fascinating biopolymer and sustainable raw material. Angew Chem Int Ed 44: 3358–3393. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200460587 doi: 10.1002/anie.200460587
|
| [58] |
Ferro M, Mannu A, Panzeri W, et al. (2020) An integrated approach to optimizing cellulose mercerization. Polymers 12: 1559. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12071559 doi: 10.3390/polym12071559
|
| [59] |
Sarkar S, Das R (2018) Shape effect on the elastic properties of Ag nanocrystals. Micro Nano Lett 13: 312–315. https://doi.org/10.1049/mnl.2017.0349 doi: 10.1049/mnl.2017.0349
|
| [60] | Haaf F, Sanner A, Straub F (1985) Polymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone: Synthesis, characterization and uses. Polym J 17: 143–152. Available from: https://scispace.com/pdf/polymers-of-n-vinylpyrrolidone-synthesis-characterization-rcywz1qmcu.pdf. |
| [61] |
Süvegh K, Zelkó R (2002) Physical aging of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) under different humidity conditions. Macromolecules 35: 795–800. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma011148l doi: 10.1021/ma011148l
|
| [62] |
Fitzpatrick S, McCabe JF, Petts CR, et al. (2002) Effect of moisture on polyvinylpyrrolidone in accelerated stability testing. Int J Pharm 246: 143–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-5173(02)00375-7 doi: 10.1016/s0378-5173(02)00375-7
|
| [63] |
Bhattacharya S, Sharma DK, Saurabh S, et al. (2013) Plasticization of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) thin films under ambient humidity: Insight from single-molecule tracer diffusion dynamics. J Phys Chem B 117: 7771–7782. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp401704e doi: 10.1021/jp401704e
|
| [64] |
Bristi UL, Rahman A, Malitha SB, et al. (2024) Modification of cotton gauze using Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass) and assessment of the chemical and antimicrobial properties. Sci Rep 14: 31650. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-80318-0 doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-80318-0
|
| [65] |
Xiang J, Zhu R, Lang S, et al. (2021) Mussel-inspired immobilization of zwitterionic silver nanoparticles toward antibacterial cotton gauze for promoting wound healing. Chem Eng J 409: 128291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.128291 doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2020.128291
|
| [66] |
Li Petri G, Facchiano S, Trovato V, et al. (2025) Antibacterial activity of textiles functionalized with silversil. ChemNanoMat 11: 2500132. https://doi.org/10.1002/cnma.202500132 doi: 10.1002/cnma.202500132
|
| [67] |
Blosi M, Brigliadori A, Ortelli S, et al. (2024) Re-designing nano-silver technology exploiting one-pot hydroxyethyl cellulose-driven green synthesis. Front Chem 12: 1432546. https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2024.1432546 doi: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1432546
|
| [68] |
Gao M, Sun L, Wang Z, et al. (2013) Controlled synthesis of Ag nanoparticles with different morphologies and their antibacterial properties. Mater Sci Eng C 33: 397–404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2012.09.005 doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2012.09.005
|
| [69] |
Pazos-Ortiz E, Roque-Ruiz JH, Hinojos-Márquez EA, et al. (2017) Dose-dependent antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles on polycaprolactone fibers against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. J Nanomater 2017: 4752314. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/4752314 doi: 10.1155/2017/4752314
|
| [70] |
Zein R, Alghoraibi I, Soukkarieh C, et al. (2022) Influence of polyvinylpyrrolidone concentration on properties and anti-bacterial activity of green synthesized silver nanoparticles. Micromachines 13: 777. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13050777 doi: 10.3390/mi13050777
|
| [71] |
Liu W, Fourmy D, Dragoe D, et al. (2025) Radiation-induced synthesis of silver nanocomposites and their antibacterial applications. Sci Rep 15: 40570. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-24235-w doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-24235-w
|
| [72] |
Bondarenko O, Ivask A, Käkinen A, et al. (2013) Particle-cell contact enhances antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles. PLoS One 8: e64060. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0064060 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064060
|
| [73] |
Ahmad SA, Das SS, Khatoon A, et al. (2020) Bactericidal activity of silver nanoparticles: A mechanistic review. Mater Sci Energy Technol 3: 756–769. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mset.2020.09.002 doi: 10.1016/j.mset.2020.09.002
|
| [74] |
Bruna T, Maldonado-Bravo F, Jara P, et al. (2021) Silver nanoparticles and their antibacterial applications. Int J Mol Sci 22: 7202. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22137202 doi: 10.3390/ijms22137202
|
| [75] |
Sati A, Ranade TN, Mali SN, et al. (2025) Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs): Comprehensive insights into bio/synthesis, key influencing factors, multifaceted applications, and toxicity—A 2024 update. ACS Omega 10: 7549–7582. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.4c11045 doi: 10.1021/acsomega.4c11045
|
| [76] |
Skomorokhova EA, Sankova TP, Orlov IA, et al. (2020) Size-dependent bioactivity of silver nanoparticles: Antibacterial properties, influence on copper status in mice, and whole-body turnover. Nanotechnol Sci Appl 13: 137–157. https://doi.org/10.2147/NSA.S287658 doi: 10.2147/NSA.S287658
|
| [77] |
Ru J, Qian X, Wang Y (2018) Study on antibacterial finishing of cotton fabric with silver nanoparticles stabilized by nanoliposomes. Cellulose 25: 5443–5454. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-018-1953-6 doi: 10.1007/s10570-018-1953-6
|
| [78] | Raja A, Thilagavathi G, Kannaian T, et al. (2010) Synthesis of spray dried polyvinyl pyrrolidone coated silver nanopowder and its application on wool and cotton for microbial resistance. Indian J Fibre Text Res 35: 59–64. Available from: https://nopr.niscair.res.in/handle/123456789/7671. |
| [79] |
Ribeiro AI, Senturk D, Silva KK, et al. (2019) Antimicrobial efficacy of low concentration PVP-silver nanoparticles deposited on DBD plasma-treated polyamide 6, 6 fabric. Coatings 9: 581. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings9090581 doi: 10.3390/coatings9090581
|
| [80] |
Ribeiro AI, Modic M, Cvelbar U, et al. (2020) Effect of dispersion solvent on the deposition of PVP-silver nanoparticles onto DBD plasma-treated polyamide 6, 6 fabric and its antimicrobial efficiency. Nanomaterials 10: 607. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10040607 doi: 10.3390/nano10040607
|
| [81] |
Vigneshwaran N, Kathe A, Varadarajan P, et al. (2007) Functional finishing of cotton fabrics using silver nanoparticles. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 7: 1893–1897. https://doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2007.737 doi: 10.1166/jnn.2007.737
|
| [82] |
Chen WC, Ko CY, Chang KC, et al. (2020) Influences of processing and sterilizing strategies on reduced silver nanoparticles in poly(vinyl alcohol) electrospun membranes: Optimization and preservation of antibacterial activity. Mater Chem Phys 254: 123300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2020.123300 doi: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2020.123300
|
| [83] |
Ambi A, Wakte P, Bhusari S, et al. (2025) Development and validation of UV-Visible spectrophotometric method for estimation of dexlansoprazole. J Drug Deliv Ther 15: 148–155. https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v15i8.7332 doi: 10.22270/jddt.v15i8.7332
|
| [84] |
Gurina D, Surov O, Voronova M, et al. (2019) Water effects on molecular adsorption of poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) on cellulose nanocrystals surfaces: Molecular dynamics simulations. Materials 12: 2155. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12132155 doi: 10.3390/ma12132155
|
| [85] |
Struik GM, Vrijland WW, Birnie E, et al. (2018) A randomized controlled trial on the effect of a silver carboxymethylcellulose dressing on surgical site infections after breast cancer surgery. PLoS One 13: 0195715. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0195715 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195715
|
| [86] |
Kaya M, Akdaşçi E, Eker F, et al. (2025) Recent advances of silver nanoparticles in wound healing: Evaluation of in vivo and in vitro studies. Int J Mol Sci 26: 9889. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26209889 doi: 10.3390/ijms26209889
|
| [87] |
Nešporová K, Pavlík V, Šafránková B, et al. (2020) Effects of wound dressings containing silver on skin and immune cells. Sci Rep 10: 15216. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-72249-3 doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-72249-3
|
| [88] |
Rónavári A, Bélteky P, Boka E, et al. (2021) Polyvinyl-pyrrolidone-coated silver nanoparticles—The colloidal, chemical, and biological consequences of steric stabilization under biorelevant conditions. Int J Mol Sci 22: 8673. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168673 doi: 10.3390/ijms22168673
|
| [89] |
Kang K, Jung H, Lim JS, et al. (2012) Cell death by polyvinylpyrrolidine-coated silver nanoparticles is mediated by ROS-dependent signaling. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 20: 399–405. https://doi.org/10.4062/biomolther.2012.20.4.399 doi: 10.4062/biomolther.2012.20.4.399
|
| [90] |
Pourhoseini S, Enos RT, Murphy AE, et al. (2021) Characterization, bio-uptake and toxicity of polymer-coated silver nanoparticles and their interaction with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 12: 282–294. https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.12.23 doi: 10.3762/bjnano.12.23
|
| [91] |
Sindhi K, Pingili RB, Beldar V, et al. (2025) The role of biomaterials-based scaffolds in advancing skin tissue construct. J Tissue Viability 34: 100858. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtv.2025.100858 doi: 10.1016/j.jtv.2025.100858
|
| [92] |
Krishani M, Shin WY, Suhaimi H, et al. (2023) Development of scaffolds from bio-based natural materials for tissue regeneration applications: A review. Gels 9: 100. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9020100 doi: 10.3390/gels9020100
|
| [93] |
Fayer L, Vasconcellos R, de Oliveira ER, et al. (2024) Cotton cellulose nanofiber/chitosan scaffolds for skin tissue engineering and wound healing applications. Biomed Mater 20: 015024. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-605x/ad9da4 doi: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad9da4
|
| [94] |
Li X, Sim D, Wang Y, et al. (2025) Fiber-based biomaterial scaffolds for cell support towards the production of cultivated meat. Acta Biomater 191: 292–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2024.11.006 doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.11.006
|
| [95] |
Andleeb A, Dikici S, Waris TS, et al. (2020) Developing affordable and accessible pro-angiogenic wound dressings; incorporation of 2 deoxy D-ribose (2dDR) into cotton fibres and wax-coated cotton fibres. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 14: 973–988. https://doi.org/10.1002/term.3072 doi: 10.1002/term.3072
|
| [96] |
Tallapaneni V, Kalaivani C, Pamu D, et al. (2021) Acellular scaffolds as innovative biomaterial platforms for the management of diabetic wounds. Tissue Eng Regen Med 18: 713–734. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13770-021-00344-1 doi: 10.1007/s13770-021-00344-1
|
Figures(10) / Tables(2)
Nataly Arrieta-Sandoval, Claudia A. Rodríguez-González, Imelda Olivas-Armendáriz, Laura E. Valencia-Gómez, Juan F. Hernández-Paz. Ultrasound-assisted finishing of cellulosic textiles with silver/PVP nanoparticles: Effects of autoclave sterilization on antibacterial performance, nanoparticle release, and cytocompatibility[J]. AIMS Materials Science, 2026, 13(3): 444-473. doi: 10.3934/matersci.2026022
DownLoad: