Research article Special Issues

Effect of Coat Layers in Bacillus Subtilis Spores Resistance to Photo-Catalytic Inactivation

  • Received: 30 June 2017 Accepted: 10 October 2017 Published: 19 October 2017
  • Different water treatment processes (physical and chemical) exist to obtain safe water for human or food industry supply. The advanced oxidation technologies are rising as a new alternative to eliminate undesirable chemicals and waterborne diseases. In this work, we analyze the power of the photo-assisted Fenton process using Fe(II)/H2O2 and UV radiation (365 nm) to inactivate Bacillus subtilis spores, considered among the most resistant biological structures known. Different concentrations of Fe(II), H2O2 and UV radiation (365 nm) were used to inactivate wt and some coat spore mutants of B. subtilis. Wt spores of B. subtilis were inactivated after 60 min using this process. In general, all defective coat mutants were more sensitive than the wt spores and, particularly, the double mutant was 10 folds more sensitive than others being inactivated during the first 10 minutes using soft reaction conditions. Presence of Fe(II) ions was found essential for spore inactivating process and, for those spores inactivated using the Fe(II)/H2O2 under UV radiation process, it is suggested that coat structures are important to their resistance to the treatment process. The photo-assisted Fenton process using Fe(II), H2O2 and UV radiation (365 nm) can be used to inactivate any water microorganisms with the same or less resistance that B. subtilis spores to produce safe drinking water in relatively short treatment time.

    Citation: Luz del Carmen Huesca-Espitia, J.L. Sánchez-Salas, Erick R. Bandala. Effect of Coat Layers in Bacillus Subtilis Spores Resistance to Photo-Catalytic Inactivation[J]. AIMS Geosciences, 2017, 3(4): 514-525. doi: 10.3934/geosci.2017.4.514

    Related Papers:

    [1] Boris P. Andreianov, Carlotta Donadello, Ulrich Razafison, Julien Y. Rolland, Massimiliano D. Rosini . Solutions of the Aw-Rascle-Zhang system with point constraints. Networks and Heterogeneous Media, 2016, 11(1): 29-47. doi: 10.3934/nhm.2016.11.29
    [2] Shimao Fan, Michael Herty, Benjamin Seibold . Comparative model accuracy of a data-fitted generalized Aw-Rascle-Zhang model. Networks and Heterogeneous Media, 2014, 9(2): 239-268. doi: 10.3934/nhm.2014.9.239
    [3] Benjamin Seibold, Morris R. Flynn, Aslan R. Kasimov, Rodolfo R. Rosales . Constructing set-valued fundamental diagrams from Jamiton solutions in second order traffic models. Networks and Heterogeneous Media, 2013, 8(3): 745-772. doi: 10.3934/nhm.2013.8.745
    [4] Michael Burger, Simone Göttlich, Thomas Jung . Derivation of second order traffic flow models with time delays. Networks and Heterogeneous Media, 2019, 14(2): 265-288. doi: 10.3934/nhm.2019011
    [5] Mauro Garavello . A review of conservation laws on networks. Networks and Heterogeneous Media, 2010, 5(3): 565-581. doi: 10.3934/nhm.2010.5.565
    [6] Bertrand Haut, Georges Bastin . A second order model of road junctions in fluid models of traffic networks. Networks and Heterogeneous Media, 2007, 2(2): 227-253. doi: 10.3934/nhm.2007.2.227
    [7] Michael Herty, S. Moutari, M. Rascle . Optimization criteria for modelling intersections of vehicular traffic flow. Networks and Heterogeneous Media, 2006, 1(2): 275-294. doi: 10.3934/nhm.2006.1.275
    [8] Michael Herty, Lorenzo Pareschi, Mohammed Seaïd . Enskog-like discrete velocity models for vehicular traffic flow. Networks and Heterogeneous Media, 2007, 2(3): 481-496. doi: 10.3934/nhm.2007.2.481
    [9] Cécile Appert-Rolland, Pierre Degond, Sébastien Motsch . Two-way multi-lane traffic model for pedestrians in corridors. Networks and Heterogeneous Media, 2011, 6(3): 351-381. doi: 10.3934/nhm.2011.6.351
    [10] Oliver Kolb, Simone Göttlich, Paola Goatin . Capacity drop and traffic control for a second order traffic model. Networks and Heterogeneous Media, 2017, 12(4): 663-681. doi: 10.3934/nhm.2017027
  • Different water treatment processes (physical and chemical) exist to obtain safe water for human or food industry supply. The advanced oxidation technologies are rising as a new alternative to eliminate undesirable chemicals and waterborne diseases. In this work, we analyze the power of the photo-assisted Fenton process using Fe(II)/H2O2 and UV radiation (365 nm) to inactivate Bacillus subtilis spores, considered among the most resistant biological structures known. Different concentrations of Fe(II), H2O2 and UV radiation (365 nm) were used to inactivate wt and some coat spore mutants of B. subtilis. Wt spores of B. subtilis were inactivated after 60 min using this process. In general, all defective coat mutants were more sensitive than the wt spores and, particularly, the double mutant was 10 folds more sensitive than others being inactivated during the first 10 minutes using soft reaction conditions. Presence of Fe(II) ions was found essential for spore inactivating process and, for those spores inactivated using the Fe(II)/H2O2 under UV radiation process, it is suggested that coat structures are important to their resistance to the treatment process. The photo-assisted Fenton process using Fe(II), H2O2 and UV radiation (365 nm) can be used to inactivate any water microorganisms with the same or less resistance that B. subtilis spores to produce safe drinking water in relatively short treatment time.


    [1] Bandala ER, Gonzalez L, De la Hoz F, et al. (2011) Application of azo dyes as dosimetric indicators for enhanced photocatalytic solar disinfection (ENPOSODIS). J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 218: 185-191. doi: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2010.12.016
    [2] Mañas P, Pagán R (2005) Microbial inactivation by new technologies of food preservation. J Appl Microbiol 98: 1387-1399. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2005.02561.x
    [3] Bandala ER, Castillo-Ledezma JH, González L, et al. (2011) Solar driven advanced oxidation processes for inactivation of pathogenic microorganisms in water. Recent Res Dev Photochem Photobiol 8: 1-16.
    [4] Aurioles-Lopez V, Polo-Lopez MI, Fernandez-Ibanez P, et al. (2015) Effect of iron salt counter ion in dose-response curves for inactivation of Fusarium solani in water through solar driven Fenton-like processes. Phys Chem Earth 91: 46-52.
    [5] Bandala ER, Perez R, Velez-Lee AE, et al. (2011) Bacillus subtilis spore inactivation in water using Photo assisted Fenton reactions. Sustain Environ Res 21: 285-290.
    [6] Bandala ER, Gonzalez L, Sanchez-Salas JL, et al. (2012) Inactivation of Ascaris eggs in water using sequential solar driven photo-Fenton and free chlorine. J Water Health 10: 20-30. doi: 10.2166/wh.2011.034
    [7] Bandala ER, Raichle BW (2013) Solar driven advanced oxidation processes for water decontamination and disinfection, in: N. Enteria, A. Akbarsadeh (Eds.), Solar Energy Sciences and Engineering Applications, CRC Press, London, UK, 395-412.
    [8] Driks A (1999) Bacillus subtilis spore coat. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 63: 1-20.
    [9] Driks A (2002) Maximum shields: the assembly and function of the bacterial spore coat. Trends Microbiol 10: 251-254. doi: 10.1016/S0966-842X(02)02373-9
    [10] Henriques AO, Moran CP (2007) Structure, assembly and function of the spore surface layers. Annu Rev Microbiol 61: 555-588. doi: 10.1146/annurev.micro.61.080706.093224
    [11] McKenney PT, Driks A, Eskandarian HA, et al. (2010) A distance weighted interaction map reveals a previously uncharacterized layer of the Bacillus subtilis spore coat. Curr Biol 20: 934-938. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2010.03.060
    [12] Takamatsu H, Imamura D, Kuwana R, et al. (2009) Expression of yeeK during Bacillus subtilis sporulation and localization of YeeK to the inner spore coat using fluorescence microscopy. J Bacteriol 191: 1220-1229. doi: 10.1128/JB.01269-08
    [13] McKenney PT, Eichenberger P (2012) Dynamics of spore coat morphogenesis in Bacillus subtilis Molecular Microbiol. 83: 245-260
    [14] Ghosh S, Setlow B, Wahome PG, et al. (2008). Characterization of spores of Bacillus subtilis that lack most coat layers. J Bacteriol 190: 6741-6748. doi: 10.1128/JB.00896-08
    [15] Shapiro M, Setlow B, Setlow P (2004) Studies on the killing of spores of Bacillus subtilis by a modified Fenton reagent containing CuCl2 and ascorbic acid. Appl Environ Microbiol 70: 2535-2539. doi: 10.1128/AEM.70.4.2535-2539.2004
    [16] Paidhungat M, Ragkousi K, Setlow P (2001) Genetic requirements for induction of germination of spores of Bacillus subtilis by Ca2-dipicolinate. J Bacteriol 183: 4886-4893. doi: 10.1128/JB.183.16.4886-4893.2001
    [17] Setlow B, Setlow P (1996) Role of DNA repair in Bacillus subtilis spore resistance. J Bacteriol 178: 3486-3495 doi: 10.1128/jb.178.12.3486-3495.1996
    [18] Sanchez-Salas JL, Setlow P (1993) Proteolytic processing of the protease which initiates degradation of small, acid-soluble proteins during germination of Bacillus subtilis spores. J Bacteriol 175: 2568-2577. doi: 10.1128/jb.175.9.2568-2577.1993
    [19] Marinas BJ, Larson MA (2003) Inactivation of Bacillus subtilis spores with ozone and monochloramine. Water Res 37: 833-844. doi: 10.1016/S0043-1354(02)00381-0
    [20] Huesca-Espitia LC, Aureoles V, Ramirez I, et al. (2017) Photocatalytic inactivation of highly resistant microorganisms in water: A kinetic approach. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 337: 132-139. doi: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.01.025
    [21] Bandala ER, Corona-Vasquez B, Guisar R, et al. (2009). Deactivation of highly resistant microorganisms in water using solar driven photocatalytic processes. J Chem React Engin 7: A7.
    [22] Bandala ER, Castillo JH, González L, et al. (2011) Solar driven advanced oxidation processes for inactivation of pathogenic microorganisms in water, In: PANDALAI S.G. Author, Recent Research Developments in Photochemistry & Photobiology Transworld Research Network. Kerala, India. 8: 1-16.
    [23] Bandala ER, Pérez R, Velez AE, et al. (2011) Bacillus subtilis spore inactivation in water using photo-assisted Fenton reaction. Sustainable Environ Res 21: 285-290.
    [24] Corona-Vasquez B, Guisar R, Herrera MI, et al. (2007) Inactivation of waterborne pathogens using solar photocatalysis. J Adv Ox Tech 10: 435-438.
    [25] Setlow P (2003) Spore germination. Curr Opin Microbiol 6: 550-556. doi: 10.1016/j.mib.2003.10.001
    [26] Melly E, Genest PC, Gilmore ME, et al. (2002) Analysis of the properties of spores of Bacillus subtilis prepared at different temperatures. J Appl Microbiol 92: 1105-1115. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2002.01644.x
    [27] Young SB, Setlow P (2004) Mechanisms of killing of Bacillus subtilis spores by Decon and OxoneTM, two general decontaminants for biological agents. J Appl Microbiol 96: 289-301. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2004.02159.x
    [28] Corona-Vasquez B, Aurioles V, Bandala ER (2012) Solar drinking water generation by solar-driven Fenton-like processes. In: E.B. Babatunde (Ed.) Solar Radiation. InTech Press (ISBN: 978-953-51-0384-4).
    [29] Zepp RG, Faust BC, Hoigne J (1992) Hydroxyl radical formation in aqueous reactions (pH 3-8) of iron (II) with hydrogen peroxide: the photo-Fenton reaction. Environ Sci Technol 26: 313-319. doi: 10.1021/es00026a011
    [30] Leggett MJ, McDonnel G, Denyer SP, et al. (2012) Bacterial spores structures and their protective role in biocide resistance. J Appl Microbiol 113: 485-498. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05336.x
    [31] Setlow P (2006) Spores of Bacillus subtilis: their resistance to and killing by radiation, heat and chemicals. J Appl Microbiol 101: 514-525. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2005.02736.x
    [32] Loshon CA, Melly E, Setlow B, et al. (2001) Analysis of killing of spores of Bacillus subtilis by a new disinfectant, Sterilox®. J Appl Microbiol 91: 1051-1058. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2001.01473.x
    [33] Genest PC, Setlow B, Melly E, et al. (2002) Killing of spores of Bacillus subtilis by peroxynitrite appears to be caused by membrane damage. Microbiol 148: 307-314. doi: 10.1099/00221287-148-1-307
    [34] Coleman WH, Chen D, Li Y.-Q., et al. (2007) How moist heat kills spores of Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol 189: 8458-8466. doi: 10.1128/JB.01242-07
  • This article has been cited by:

    1. Mohamed Benyahia, Massimiliano D. Rosini, A macroscopic traffic model with phase transitions and local point constraints on the flow, 2017, 12, 1556-181X, 297, 10.3934/nhm.2017013
    2. Mohamed Benyahia, Massimiliano D. Rosini, Lack of BV bounds for approximate solutions to a two‐phase transition model arising from vehicular traffic, 2020, 43, 0170-4214, 10381, 10.1002/mma.6304
    3. Mohamed Benyahia, Massimiliano D. Rosini, Entropy solutions for a traffic model with phase transitions, 2016, 141, 0362546X, 167, 10.1016/j.na.2016.04.011
    4. Marco Di Francesco, Simone Fagioli, Massimiliano D. Rosini, Giovanni Russo, 2018, Chapter 37, 978-3-319-91544-9, 487, 10.1007/978-3-319-91545-6_37
    5. Shuai Fan, Yu Zhang, Riemann problem and wave interactions for an inhomogeneous Aw-Rascle traffic flow model with extended Chaplygin gas, 2023, 152, 00207462, 104384, 10.1016/j.ijnonlinmec.2023.104384
    6. Boris Andreianov, Carlotta Donadello, Ulrich Razafison, Massimiliano D. Rosini, Analysis and approximation of one-dimensional scalar conservation laws with general point constraints on the flux, 2018, 116, 00217824, 309, 10.1016/j.matpur.2018.01.005
    7. Marco Di Francesco, Simone Fagioli, Massimiliano D. Rosini, Many particle approximation of the Aw-Rascle-Zhang second order model for vehicular traffic, 2017, 14, 1551-0018, 127, 10.3934/mbe.2017009
    8. M. Di Francesco, S. Fagioli, M. D. Rosini, G. Russo, 2017, Chapter 9, 978-3-319-49994-9, 333, 10.1007/978-3-319-49996-3_9
    9. Mohamed Benyahia, Carlotta Donadello, Nikodem Dymski, Massimiliano D. Rosini, An existence result for a constrained two-phase transition model with metastable phase for vehicular traffic, 2018, 25, 1021-9722, 10.1007/s00030-018-0539-1
    10. Boris Andreianov, Carlotta Donadello, Ulrich Razafison, Massimiliano Daniele Rosini, 2018, Chapter 5, 978-3-030-05128-0, 103, 10.1007/978-3-030-05129-7_5
    11. E. Dal Santo, M. D. Rosini, N. Dymski, M. Benyahia, General phase transition models for vehicular traffic with point constraints on the flow, 2017, 40, 01704214, 6623, 10.1002/mma.4478
    12. Stefano Villa, Paola Goatin, Christophe Chalons, Moving bottlenecks for the Aw-Rascle-Zhang traffic flow model, 2017, 22, 1553-524X, 3921, 10.3934/dcdsb.2017202
    13. Muhammed Ali Mehmood, Hard congestion limit of the dissipative Aw-Rascle system with a polynomial offset function, 2024, 533, 0022247X, 128028, 10.1016/j.jmaa.2023.128028
    14. Wenjie Zhu, Rongyong Zhao, Hao Zhang, Cuiling Li, Ping Jia, Yunlong Ma, Dong Wang, Miyuan Li, Panic-Pressure Conversion Model From Microscopic Pedestrian Movement to Macroscopic Crowd Flow, 2023, 18, 1555-1415, 10.1115/1.4063505
    15. Cecile Appert-Rolland, Alethea B.T. Barbaro, 2025, 25430009, 10.1016/bs.atpp.2025.04.004
    16. Nicola De Nitti, Denis Serre, Enrique Zuazua, Pointwise constraints for scalar conservation laws with positive wave velocity, 2025, 76, 0044-2275, 10.1007/s00033-025-02459-0
  • Reader Comments
  • © 2017 the Author(s), licensee AIMS Press. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)
通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
  • 1. 

    沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

  1. 本站搜索
  2. 百度学术搜索
  3. 万方数据库搜索
  4. CNKI搜索

Metrics

Article views(4666) PDF downloads(926) Cited by(2)

Article outline

/

DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
Return
Return

Catalog