Advances in cooperative game theory under uncertainty: A comprehensive survey

İsmail Özcan; Gerhard-Wilhelm Weber; İsmail Özcan; Gerhard-Wilhelm Weber

doi:10.3934/era.2026061

Electronic Research Archive

2026, Volume 34, Issue 3: 1342-1362. doi: 10.3934/era.2026061

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Survey

Advances in cooperative game theory under uncertainty: A comprehensive survey

İsmail Özcan ^{1
,
,},
Gerhard-Wilhelm Weber ^2,3

1.
Department of Engineering for Industrial Systems and Technologies, University of Parma, Parma 43124, Italy
2.
Faculty of Engineering Management, Poznan University of Technology, Poznan 60965, Poland
3.
Institute of Applied Mathematics, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Türkiye

Received: 02 November 2025 Revised: 13 January 2026 Accepted: 27 January 2026 Published: 09 February 2026

The allocation of collective benefits and costs represents a central challenge for individuals and organizations operating in uncertain environments, including interval and fuzzy data scenarios. Cooperative games under uncertainty provide a versatile game-theoretical framework and robust analytical tools to address these challenges, offering insights into decision-making and resource distribution. This survey reviews the current state of research in this emerging field, highlighting recent theoretical developments, methodological advances, and computational approaches. Furthermore, it examines how cooperative games under uncertainty extend classical cooperative game theory and discusses their practical applications and potential across economic decision-making, operations research, and strategic planning contexts. By synthesizing existing literature, this work aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of both the theoretical foundations and applied implications of these models, offering guidance for future research directions.
- operations research,
- cooperative games,
- uncertainty,
- fuzzy sets
Citation: İsmail Özcan, Gerhard-Wilhelm Weber. Advances in cooperative game theory under uncertainty: A comprehensive survey[J]. Electronic Research Archive, 2026, 34(3): 1342-1362. doi: 10.3934/era.2026061

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Abstract

The allocation of collective benefits and costs represents a central challenge for individuals and organizations operating in uncertain environments, including interval and fuzzy data scenarios. Cooperative games under uncertainty provide a versatile game-theoretical framework and robust analytical tools to address these challenges, offering insights into decision-making and resource distribution. This survey reviews the current state of research in this emerging field, highlighting recent theoretical developments, methodological advances, and computational approaches. Furthermore, it examines how cooperative games under uncertainty extend classical cooperative game theory and discusses their practical applications and potential across economic decision-making, operations research, and strategic planning contexts. By synthesizing existing literature, this work aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of both the theoretical foundations and applied implications of these models, offering guidance for future research directions.

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