Participation of Duodenal enzymes in the adaptation of digestion and metabolism in poultry to soybean products

V.G. Vertiprakhov; S.V. Karamushkina; N.A. Sergeenkova; V.G. Vertiprakhov; S.V. Karamushkina; N.A. Sergeenkova

doi:10.3934/aas.2026003

AIMS Animal Science

2026, Volume 2, Issue 1: 25-34. doi: 10.3934/aas.2026003

Previous Article Next Article

Research article

Participation of Duodenal enzymes in the adaptation of digestion and metabolism in poultry to soybean products

Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, 49 Timiryazevskaya str., Moscow, 127550, Russian Federation

Received: 17 July 2025 Revised: 21 December 2025 Accepted: 20 March 2026 Published: 01 April 2026

The role of trypsin secreted by the pancreas is not limited to its digestive function. Current data show that trypsin has hormone-like properties, involved in the neurohumoral regulation of digestion and metabolism and activates protease-activated receptors (PARs). The main pancreatic enzymes (amylase, lipase and trypsin) are not only secreted into the intestinal lumen but also enter the blood flow where they circulate in physiological concentrations. Soy products are widely used in poultry feeding but the mechanisms of adaptation of the digestive and metabolic systems of broiler chickens to various forms of soy supplements (soybean meal, whole soybeans and extruded soybeans) remain poorly understood. The aim of the study is to investigate the trypsin participation in the processes of adaptation of digestion and metabolism in broiler chickens to different soy products at the level of duodenal chyme and blood serum. We conducted a comprehensive assessment of the activity of trypsin, lipase and alkaline phosphatase in duodenal chyme (60 and 120 minutes after feeding) and in blood serum in our chronic experiments on fistulated broiler chickens of the Smena 9 cross. We established that replacing soybean meal with native soybeans leads to a significant decrease in trypsin activity both in the intestine and in the blood, as well as to a marked increase in lipolytic activity. When extruded soybeans are used, a partial normalization of protein metabolism is observed, accompanied by increased lipase activity. The results confirm the involvement of trypsin in poultry adaptation to the soy component of the diet at the intestinal and systemic levels and demonstrate the advantages of extruded soybeans as a more complete protein source compared to native soybeans.
- broiler chickens,
- duodenal fistula,
- trypsin,
- taste in birds,
- digestion in birds,
- adaptation to soy products
Citation: V.G. Vertiprakhov, S.V. Karamushkina, N.A. Sergeenkova. Participation of Duodenal enzymes in the adaptation of digestion and metabolism in poultry to soybean products[J]. AIMS Animal Science, 2026, 2(1): 25-34. doi: 10.3934/aas.2026003

Related Papers:

Abstract

The role of trypsin secreted by the pancreas is not limited to its digestive function. Current data show that trypsin has hormone-like properties, involved in the neurohumoral regulation of digestion and metabolism and activates protease-activated receptors (PARs). The main pancreatic enzymes (amylase, lipase and trypsin) are not only secreted into the intestinal lumen but also enter the blood flow where they circulate in physiological concentrations. Soy products are widely used in poultry feeding but the mechanisms of adaptation of the digestive and metabolic systems of broiler chickens to various forms of soy supplements (soybean meal, whole soybeans and extruded soybeans) remain poorly understood. The aim of the study is to investigate the trypsin participation in the processes of adaptation of digestion and metabolism in broiler chickens to different soy products at the level of duodenal chyme and blood serum. We conducted a comprehensive assessment of the activity of trypsin, lipase and alkaline phosphatase in duodenal chyme (60 and 120 minutes after feeding) and in blood serum in our chronic experiments on fistulated broiler chickens of the Smena 9 cross. We established that replacing soybean meal with native soybeans leads to a significant decrease in trypsin activity both in the intestine and in the blood, as well as to a marked increase in lipolytic activity. When extruded soybeans are used, a partial normalization of protein metabolism is observed, accompanied by increased lipase activity. The results confirm the involvement of trypsin in poultry adaptation to the soy component of the diet at the intestinal and systemic levels and demonstrate the advantages of extruded soybeans as a more complete protein source compared to native soybeans.

References

[1]	Ramachandran R, Hollenberg MD (2008) Proteinases and signalling: Pathophysiological and therapeutic implications via PARs and more. Br J Pharmacol 153: 263–282. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjp.07075076 doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.07075076
[2]	Rothman S, Leibow C, Isenman L (2002) Conservation of digestive enzymes. Physiol Rev 82: 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00022.2001 doi: 10.1152/physrev.00022.2001
[3]	Korot'ko GF (2011) Recirculation of digestive enzymes. Russ J Gastroenterol Hepatol Coloproctol 21: 14–21. (In Russian)
[4]	Kuzmina IV, Tolpygo SM, Kotov AV, et al. (2024) Intestinal digestion in poultry compared to other animal species with a diverse diet. Front Physiol 15: 1358524. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2024.1358524 doi: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1358524
[5]	Watanabe I (2007) Experimental study on the mechanism of external secretion of the pancreas. Jpn J Gastroenterol 65: 472–483. https://doi.org/10.11405/nisshoshi1964.65.472 doi: 10.11405/nisshoshi1964.65.472
[6]	Ivachenko LE (2010) Soybean fermentation: A monograph. BSPU, Blagoveshchensk.
[7]	Vertiprakhov VG (2022) Physiology of intestinal digestion in chickens (experimental approach). Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow
[8]	Vertiprakhov VG, Grozina AA (2018) Assessment of the state of the pancreas by determining trypsin activity in poultry blood. Veter Med 21: 51–54. https://doi.org/10.30896/0042-4846.2018.21.12.51-54 doi: 10.30896/0042-4846.2018.21.12.51-54
[9]	Liu HX, Wang J, Zhang L, et al. (2018) An update on the sense of taste in chickens: A better developed system than previously appreciated. J Nutr Food Sci 8: 686. https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9600.1000686 doi: 10.4172/2155-9600.1000686
[10]	Yoshida Y, Kawabata F, Nishimura S, et al. (2021) Evolvement of taste sensitivity and taste buds in chickens during selective breeding. Poult Sci 100: 101113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2021.101113 doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101113
[11]	Vertiprakhov VG, Sergeenkova NA, Bezzubenko DD, et al. (2024) A new method for determining the taste and nutritional properties of white lupine in broiler chicken feed. Vestn. KrasGAU 205: 61–68. https://doi.org/10.36718/1819-4036-2024-4-61-68 doi: 10.36718/1819-4036-2024-4-61-68
[12]	Vertiprakhov VG, Selionova MI, Malorodov VV (2023) Trypsin is a new marker of metabolism in animals. Timiry Biol J 1: 53–58. https://doi.org/10.26897/2949-4710-2023-1-53-58 doi: 10.26897/2949-4710-2023-1-53-58
[13]	Karasov WH, Douglas AE (2013) Comparative digestive physiology. Compr Physiol 3: 741–783. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2040-4603.2013.tb00501.x doi: 10.1002/j.2040-4603.2013.tb00501.x
[14]	Mokhtari R, Fard MK, Rezaei M, et al. (2024) Effect of casein bioactive peptides on performance, nutrient digestibility, enzyme activity and intestinal microbial population in broiler chickens. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr 108: 1798–1806. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.14021 doi: 10.1111/jpn.14021
[15]	Feng J, Liu X, Xu ZR, et al. (2007) Effect of fermented soybean meal on intestinal morphology and digestive enzyme activities in weaned piglets. Dig Dis Sci 52: 1845–1850. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-006-9705-0 doi: 10.1007/s10620-006-9705-0
[16]	Fisinin VI, Vertiprakhov VG, Grozina AA (2018) Pancreatic exocrine function in chickens (Gallus gallus L.) as a function of dietary ingredients. Agri Biol 53: 811–819. https://doi.org/10.15389/agrobiology.2018.4.811rus doi: 10.15389/agrobiology.2018.4.811rus
[17]	Laporte JC, Tremolieres J (1971) Hormonal regulation of enzyme secretion of the exocrine pancreas. C R Acad Sci D 273: 1205–1207. (In French)
[18]	Vertiprakhov VG, Ovchinnikova NV (2022) The activity of trypsin in the pancreatic juice and blood of poultry increases simultaneously in the postprandial period. Front Physiol 13: 874664. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.874664 doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.874664
[19]	Vertiprakhov VG, Grozina AA, Fisinin VI, et al. (2021) Experimental results on pancreatic juice parenteral application in broiler growing. In: Innovative technologies in environmental engineering and agroecosystems (ITEEA 2021), E3S web of conferences, Nalchik, 18–19 March 2021. Vol 262, p 02008. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126202008
[20]	Liener IE (1994) Implications of antinutritional components in soybean foods. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 34: 31–67. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408399409527649 doi: 10.1080/10408399409527649
[21]	Vertiprakhov VG, Sergeenkova NA, Bezzubenko DD, et al. (2024) A new method for determining the taste and nutritional properties of white lupine in broiler chicken feed. KrasGAU Bull 4: 61–68. https://doi.org/10.36718/1819-4036-2024-4-61-68 doi: 10.36718/1819-4036-2024-4-61-68

Reader Comments

Your name:*

Email:*
© 2026 the Author(s), licensee AIMS Press. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)