Research article Topical Sections

Associations between breastfeeding duration and overweight/obese among children aged 5–10: a focus on racial/ethnic disparities in California

  • Received: 09 May 2019 Accepted: 23 September 2019 Published: 29 September 2019
  • Research on the association between breastfeeding and childhood obesity and research on racial/ethnic differences in breastfeeding both show inconsistencies. The current study examines: 1) whether immigrant Hispanic women have higher rates of breastfeeding compared to non-Hispanic (three separate groups: African-American, Asian/Pacific Islander, and White) and U.S.-born Hispanic women; 2) whether children who were breastfed are less likely to be overweight/obese compared to children who were not breastfed; and 3) whether associations between breastfeeding and weight status vary by race/ethnicity/nativity. The study builds on prior literature using representative data from the Geographic Research On Wellbeing study (GROW, 2012–2013) and focusing on ages 5–10 years, an age group that has not been well studied (N = 2675 mother/child dyads). Logistic regression was used to investigate the odds of child obesity (≥95th%) and child overweight (≥85th%) in a series of models: unadjusted (each variable individually), demographic (child’s sex, child’s age, mother’s age, mother’s race/ethnicity, and mother’s marital status), socioeconomic status (mother’s education and family income), and full model (mother’s BMI); with breastfeeding included in all models. Interactions between race/ethnicity and breastfeeding duration were also examined. African-American (9.54%) and white (32.8%) women had the lowest and highest rates of ever breastfeeding, respectively. White women breastfed the longest (M = 10.52 months, SE = 0.028) and U.S.-born Hispanic women breastfed the shortest (M = 7.05 months, SE = 0.41), on average. Children of African-American and U.S.-born Hispanic mothers had higher odds of being overweight/obese (74–75%) compared with children of white mothers. No associations were found between breastfeeding duration and child’s weight status in adjusted models, nor was there a significant interaction between mother’s race/ethnicity and breastfeeding duration on child’s weight status; however, mother’s own weight status was a significant driver of child’s weight status and explained the racial/ethnic disparities. These results provide evidence in favor of there being no association between breastfeeding and childhood obesity.

    Citation: Christian E. Vazquez, Catherine Cubbin. Associations between breastfeeding duration and overweight/obese among children aged 5–10: a focus on racial/ethnic disparities in California[J]. AIMS Public Health, 2019, 6(4): 355-369. doi: 10.3934/publichealth.2019.4.355

    Related Papers:

  • Research on the association between breastfeeding and childhood obesity and research on racial/ethnic differences in breastfeeding both show inconsistencies. The current study examines: 1) whether immigrant Hispanic women have higher rates of breastfeeding compared to non-Hispanic (three separate groups: African-American, Asian/Pacific Islander, and White) and U.S.-born Hispanic women; 2) whether children who were breastfed are less likely to be overweight/obese compared to children who were not breastfed; and 3) whether associations between breastfeeding and weight status vary by race/ethnicity/nativity. The study builds on prior literature using representative data from the Geographic Research On Wellbeing study (GROW, 2012–2013) and focusing on ages 5–10 years, an age group that has not been well studied (N = 2675 mother/child dyads). Logistic regression was used to investigate the odds of child obesity (≥95th%) and child overweight (≥85th%) in a series of models: unadjusted (each variable individually), demographic (child’s sex, child’s age, mother’s age, mother’s race/ethnicity, and mother’s marital status), socioeconomic status (mother’s education and family income), and full model (mother’s BMI); with breastfeeding included in all models. Interactions between race/ethnicity and breastfeeding duration were also examined. African-American (9.54%) and white (32.8%) women had the lowest and highest rates of ever breastfeeding, respectively. White women breastfed the longest (M = 10.52 months, SE = 0.028) and U.S.-born Hispanic women breastfed the shortest (M = 7.05 months, SE = 0.41), on average. Children of African-American and U.S.-born Hispanic mothers had higher odds of being overweight/obese (74–75%) compared with children of white mothers. No associations were found between breastfeeding duration and child’s weight status in adjusted models, nor was there a significant interaction between mother’s race/ethnicity and breastfeeding duration on child’s weight status; however, mother’s own weight status was a significant driver of child’s weight status and explained the racial/ethnic disparities. These results provide evidence in favor of there being no association between breastfeeding and childhood obesity.


    加载中


    Conflicts of interest



    All authors declare no conflict of interest.

    [1] Trust for America's Health: Issue report: the state of obesity: better policies for a healthier America. (2018) Available from: https://stateofobesity.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/stateofobesity2018.pdf.
    [2] Levine JA (2011) Poverty and obesity in the U.S. Diabetes 60: 2667–2668. doi: 10.2337/db11-1118
    [3] Carey FR, Singh GK, Brown III HS, et al. (2015) Educational outcomes associated with childhood obesity in the United States: Cross-sectional results from the 2011–2012 National Survey of Children's Health. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 12: S3. doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-12-S1-S3
    [4] Finkelstein EA, Trogdon JG, Cohen JW, et al. (2009) Annual medical spending attributable to obesity: Payer- and service-specific estimates. Health Aff (Millwood). 28: w822–w 831.
    [5] Harder T, Bergmann R, Kallischnigg G, et al. (2005) Duration of breastfeeding and risk of overweight: A meta-analysis. Am J Epidemiol 162: 397–403. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwi222
    [6] Yan J, Liu L, Zhu Y, et al. (2014) The association between breastfeeding and childhood obesity: A meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 14: 1267–1267. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-1267
    [7] Wang L, Collins C, Ratliff M, et al. (2017) Breastfeeding reduces childhood obesity risks. Child Obes 13: 197–204. doi: 10.1089/chi.2016.0210
    [8] Verstraete SG, Heyman MB, Wojcicki JM (2014) Breastfeeding offers protection against obesity in children of recently immigrated Latina women. J Community Health 39: 480–486. doi: 10.1007/s10900-013-9781-y
    [9] Ehrenthal DB, Wu P, Trabulsi J (2016) Differences in the protective effect of exclusive breastfeeding on child overweight and obesity by mother's race. Matern Child Health J 20: 1971–1979. doi: 10.1007/s10995-016-2015-z
    [10] Whaley SE, Koleilat M, Leonard S, et al. (2017) Breastfeeding is associated with reduced obesity in Hispanic 2- to 5-year-olds served by WIC. J Nutr Educ Behav 49 (7, Supplement 2): S144–S150.e1.
    [11] Casazza K, Fernandez JR, Allison DB (2012) Modest protective effects of breast-feeding on obesity: Is the evidence truly supportive? Nutrition Today 47: 33–38. doi: 10.1097/NT.0b013e3182435c98
    [12] Lefebvre CM, John RM (2014) The effect of breastfeeding on childhood overweight and obesity: A systematic review of the literature. J Am Assoc Nurse Pract 26: 386–401.
    [13] Cope MB, Allison DB (2008) Critical review of the world health organization's (WHO) 2007 report on "evidence of the long-term effects of breastfeeding: Systematic reviews and meta-analysis" with respect to obesity. Obes Rev 9: 594–605. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2008.00504.x
    [14] Casazza K, Fontaine KR, Astrup A, et al. (2013) Myths, presumptions, and facts about obesity. N Engl J Med 368: 446–454. doi: 10.1056/NEJMsa1208051
    [15] American Academy of Pediatrics (2005) Breastfeeding and the use of human milk. Pediatrics 115: 496–507. doi: 10.1542/peds.2004-2491
    [16] Gibson-Davis CM, Brooks-Gunn J (2006) Couples' immigration status and ethnicity as determinants of breastfeeding. Am J Public Health 96: 641–646. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2005.064840
    [17] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Breastfeeding Report Card. (2018) Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/data/reportcard.htm.
    [18] Rios-Ellis B, Nguyen-Rodriguez ST, Espinoza L, et al. (2015) Engaging community with Promotores de Salud to support infant nutrition and breastfeeding among Latinas residing in Los Angeles County: Salud Con Hyland's. Health Care Women Int 36: 711–729. doi: 10.1080/07399332.2014.900060
    [19] U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2011) The Surgeon General's call to action and support breastfeeding.
    [20] Jones KM, Power, ML, Queenan JT, et al. (2015) Racial and ethnic disparities in breastfeeding. Breastfeed Med 10: 186–196. doi: 10.1089/bfm.2014.0152
    [21] Baker EH, Rendall MS, Weden MM (2015) Epidemiological paradox or immigrant vulnerability? Obesity among young children of immigrants. Demography 52: 1295–1320.
    [22] Wouk K, Lara-Cinisomo S, Stuebe AM, et al. (2016). Clinical interventions to promote breastfeeding by Latinas: A meta-analysis. Pediatrics 137: e20152423.
    [23] Bigman G, Wilkinson AV, Pérez A, et al. (2018) Acculturation and breastfeeding among Hispanic American women: A systematic review. Matern Child Health J 22: 1260–1277. doi: 10.1007/s10995-018-2584-0
    [24] Braveman PA, Egerter SA, Cubbin C, et al. (2004) An approach to studying social disparities in health and health care. Am J Public Health 94: 2139–2148. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.94.12.2139
    [25] California Department of Public Health: California Maternal and Infant Health Assessment (MIHA) Technical Documentation. Available from: http://www.cdph.ca.gov/data/surveys/MIHA/Documents/MIHATechnicalDocument.pdf.
    [26] Cubbin C (2015) Survey Methodology of the geographic research on wellbeing (GROW) study. BMC Res Notes 8: 402. doi: 10.1186/s13104-015-1379-2
    [27] Heck KE, Braveman P, Cubbin C, et al. (2006) Socioeconomic status and breastfeeding initiation among California mothers. Public Health Reports 121: 51–59. doi: 10.1177/003335490612100111
    [28] Akinbami LJ, Ogden CL (2009) Childhood overweight prevalence in the United States: The impact of parent-reported height and weight. Obesity 17: 1574–1580. doi: 10.1038/oby.2009.1
    [29] Gamliel A, Ziv-Baran T, Siegel RM, et al. (2015) Using weight-for-age percentiles to screen for overweight and obese children and adolescents. Prev Med 81: 174–179. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.08.017
    [30] Reynolds D, Hennessy E, Polek E (2014) Is breastfeeding in infancy predictive of child mental well-being and protective against obesity at 9 years of age? Child Care Health Dev 40: 882–890. doi: 10.1111/cch.12126
    [31] Lindsay AC, Wallington SF, Greaney ML, et al. (2017) Brazilian immigrant mothers' beliefs and practices related to infant feeding: A qualitative study. J Hum Lact 33:595–605. doi: 10.1177/0890334416676267
    [32] Hess C, Ofei A, Mincher A (2015) Breastfeeding and childhood obesity among African Americans: A systematic review. MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs 40: 313–319. doi: 10.1097/NMC.0000000000000170
    [33] Akbulut-Yuksel M, Kugler AD (2016) Intergenerational persistence of health: Do immigrants get healthier as they remain in the US for more generations? Econ Hum Biol 23:136–148. doi: 10.1016/j.ehb.2016.08.004
    [34] Baby-Friendly USA: Celebrating 500 baby-friendly designated facilities in the united states. (2018). Available from: https://www.babyfriendlyusa.org/news/baby-friendly-usa-celebrates-major-milestone-of-500-baby-friendly-designated-facilities-in-the-united-states/.
    [35] Whitaker RC, Wright JA, Pepe MS, et al. (1997) Predicting obesity in young adulthood from childhood and parental obesity. New England J Med 337: 869–873. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199709253371301
    [36] Ells LJ, Rees K, Brown T, et al. (2018) Interventions for treating children and adolescents with overweight and obesity: An overview of Cochrane Reviews. Int J Obes 42: 1823–1833. doi: 10.1038/s41366-018-0230-y
    [37] Balcazar AJ, Grineski SE, Collins TW (2015) The Hispanic health paradox across generations: the relationship of child generational status and citizenship with health outcomes. Public Health 129: 691–697. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2015.04.007
    [38] Padilla YC, Hamilton ER, Hummer RA (2009) Beyond the epidemiological paradox: The health of Mexican-American children at age 5. Social Sci Q 90: 1072–1088. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-6237.2009.00647.x
    [39] De Hoog ML, Kleinman KP, Gillman MW, et al. (2014) Racial/ethnic and immigrant differences in early childhood diet quality. Public Health Nutr 17: 1308–1317. doi: 10.1017/S1368980013001183
    [40] Mennella JA, Ziegler P, Briefel R, et al. (2006) Feeding infants and toddlers study: The types of foods fed to Hispanic infants and toddlers. J Am Diet Assoc 106: 96–106. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2005.09.038
    [41] Butte NF, Puyau MR, Adolph AL, et al. (2007) Physical activity in nonoverweight and overweight Hispanic children and adolescents. Med Sci Sports Exerc 39: 1257–1266. doi: 10.1249/mss.0b013e3180621fb6
    [42] Belcher B, Berrigan D, Dodd K, et al. (2010) Physical activity in US youth: Effect of Race/Ethnicity, age, gender, and weight status. Med Sci Sports Exerc 42: 2211–2221. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181e1fba9
    [43] Xie B, Gilliland F, Li Y (2003) Effects of ethnicity, family income and education on dietary intake among adolescents. Pre Med 36: 30–40. doi: 10.1006/pmed.2002.1131
    [44] Wang M, Heck K, Winkleby M, et al. (2016) Social disparities in dietary habits among women: Geographic research on wellbeing (GROW) study. Public Health Nutr 19: 1666–1673. doi: 10.1017/S1368980015003225
    [45] Goran MI, Reynolds KD, Lindquist CH (1999) Role of physical activity in the prevention of obesity in children. Int J Obes 23: S18
    [46] Gordon-Larsen P, Harris KM, Ward DS, et al. (2003) Acculturation and overweight-related behaviors among Hispanic immigrants to the US: the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Social Sci Med 57: 2023–2034. doi: 10.1016/S0277-9536(03)00072-8
    [47] Fryar CD, Hirsch R, Eberhardt MS, et al (2010) Hypertension, high serum total cholesterol, and diabetes: Racial and ethnic prevalence differences in US adults, 1999–2006. NCHS Data Brief, 1–8.
    [48] Narayan KV, Boyle JP, Geiss LS, et al. (2006) Impact of recent increase in incidence on future diabetes burden: US, 2005–2050. Diabetes Care 29: 2114–2116. doi: 10.2337/dc06-1136
    [49] Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Lawman HG, et al. (2016) Trends in obesity prevalence among children and adolescents in the United States, 1988–1994 through 2013–2014. JAMA 315: 2292–2299. doi: 10.1001/jama.2016.6361
    [50] U.S. Census Bureau; Census 2010, Summary File 1, Table PCT 11; American Fact Finder. (2019) Available from: http://factfinder.census.gov.
    [51] Stettler N, Zomorrodi A, Posner JC (2007) Predictive value of weight-for-age to identify overweight children. Obesity 15: 3106–3112. doi: 10.1038/oby.2007.370
    [52] Jacknowitz A (2007) Increasing breastfeeding rates: Do changing demographics explain them? Women's Health Issues 17: 84–92. doi: 10.1016/j.whi.2007.02.010
  • publichealth-06-04-355-s001.pdf
  • Reader Comments
  • © 2019 the Author(s), licensee AIMS Press. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)
通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
  • 1. 

    沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

  1. 本站搜索
  2. 百度学术搜索
  3. 万方数据库搜索
  4. CNKI搜索

Metrics

Article views(3723) PDF downloads(486) Cited by(4)

Article outline

Figures and Tables

Tables(4)

Other Articles By Authors

/

DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
Return
Return

Catalog