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AIMS Public Health

2015, Volume 2, Issue 1: 74-85. doi: 10.3934/publichealth.2015.1.74
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Research article Special Issues

Single-vehicle and Multi-vehicle Accidents Involving Motorcycles in a Small City in China: Characteristics and Injury Patterns

  • 1.
    Injury Prevention Research Center, Medical College of Shantou University, 22 XinLing Road, Shantou 515041, China;
  • 2.
    Maternal and Children Health Care Hospital of Hunan Province, 53 Xiangchun Road, Changsha 410000, China
  • Received: 26 November 2014 Accepted: 11 March 2015 Published: 18 March 2015

  • Introduction: There is a gap that involves examining differences between patients in single-vehicle (SV) versus multi-vehicle (MV) accidents involving motorcycles in Shantou, China, regarding the injury patterns and mortality the patients sustained. This study aims to address this gap and provide a basis and reference for motorcycle injury prevention. Method: Medical record data was collected between October 2002 and June 2012 on all motorcycle injury patients admitted to a hospital in the city of Shantou of the east Guangdong province in China. Comparative analysis was conducted between patients in SV accidents and patients in MV accidents regarding demographic and clinic characteristics, mortality, and injury patterns. Results: Approximately 48% (n = 1977) of patients were involved in SV accidents and 52% (n = 2119) were involved in MV accidents. The average age was 34 years. Collision of a motorcycle with a heavy vehicle/bus (4%) was associated with a 34 times greater risk of death (RR: 34.32|95% CI: 17.43–67.57). Compared to patients involved in MV accidents, those involved in SV accidents were more likely to sustain a skull fracture (RR: 1.47|95% CI: 1.22–1.77), an open head wound (RR: 1.46|95% CI: 1.23–1.74), an intracranial injury (RR: 1.39|95% CI: 1.26–1.53), a superficial head injury (RR: 1.37|95% CI: 1.01–1.86), an injury to an organ (RR: 2.01|95% CI: 1.24–3.26), and a crushing injury (RR: 1.98|95% CI: 1.06–3.70) to the thorax or abdomen. However, they were less likely to sustain a spinal fracture (RR: 0.58|95% CI: 0.39–0.85), a pelvic fracture (RR: 0.22|95% CI: 0.11–0.46), an upper extremity fracture (RR: 0.75|95% CI: 0.59–0.96), or injuries to their lower extremities, except for a dislocation, sprain, or injury to a joint or ligament (RR: 0.82|95% CI: 0.49–1.36). Conclusion: The relative risk of death is higher for patients involved in multi-vehicle accidents than patients in single-vehicle accidents, especially when a collision involves mass vehicle(s). Injury to the head dominated motorcycle injuries. Single-vehicle accidents have a higher correlation with head injury or internal injuries to the thorax or abdomen. Multi-vehicle accidents are more correlated with extremity injuries, especially to the lower extremities or external trauma to the thorax or abdomen.

    Citation: Lili Xiong, Liping Li. Single-vehicle and Multi-vehicle Accidents Involving Motorcycles in a Small City in China: Characteristics and Injury Patterns[J]. AIMS Public Health, 2015, 2(1): 74-85. doi: 10.3934/publichealth.2015.1.74

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  • Introduction: There is a gap that involves examining differences between patients in single-vehicle (SV) versus multi-vehicle (MV) accidents involving motorcycles in Shantou, China, regarding the injury patterns and mortality the patients sustained. This study aims to address this gap and provide a basis and reference for motorcycle injury prevention. Method: Medical record data was collected between October 2002 and June 2012 on all motorcycle injury patients admitted to a hospital in the city of Shantou of the east Guangdong province in China. Comparative analysis was conducted between patients in SV accidents and patients in MV accidents regarding demographic and clinic characteristics, mortality, and injury patterns. Results: Approximately 48% (n = 1977) of patients were involved in SV accidents and 52% (n = 2119) were involved in MV accidents. The average age was 34 years. Collision of a motorcycle with a heavy vehicle/bus (4%) was associated with a 34 times greater risk of death (RR: 34.32|95% CI: 17.43–67.57). Compared to patients involved in MV accidents, those involved in SV accidents were more likely to sustain a skull fracture (RR: 1.47|95% CI: 1.22–1.77), an open head wound (RR: 1.46|95% CI: 1.23–1.74), an intracranial injury (RR: 1.39|95% CI: 1.26–1.53), a superficial head injury (RR: 1.37|95% CI: 1.01–1.86), an injury to an organ (RR: 2.01|95% CI: 1.24–3.26), and a crushing injury (RR: 1.98|95% CI: 1.06–3.70) to the thorax or abdomen. However, they were less likely to sustain a spinal fracture (RR: 0.58|95% CI: 0.39–0.85), a pelvic fracture (RR: 0.22|95% CI: 0.11–0.46), an upper extremity fracture (RR: 0.75|95% CI: 0.59–0.96), or injuries to their lower extremities, except for a dislocation, sprain, or injury to a joint or ligament (RR: 0.82|95% CI: 0.49–1.36). Conclusion: The relative risk of death is higher for patients involved in multi-vehicle accidents than patients in single-vehicle accidents, especially when a collision involves mass vehicle(s). Injury to the head dominated motorcycle injuries. Single-vehicle accidents have a higher correlation with head injury or internal injuries to the thorax or abdomen. Multi-vehicle accidents are more correlated with extremity injuries, especially to the lower extremities or external trauma to the thorax or abdomen.


    To the Editor:

    In a recent News & Views article published in Nature Neuroscience Michael V. Sofroniew [1] claims that in healthy CNS, collagen-producing cells and collagen protein are present only along blood vessels and meninges, and they are not found within the neural parenchyma. However, we do not agree with this statement. Whilst, it is true that collagen-producing cells and collagen protein are found in blood vessels and meninges within the healthy CNS, we found evidence in the broader literature to show that collagen proteins are present also within the neural parenchyma. For example, Gregorio et al. [2] in their review have described the presence of collagen VI protein in the neural parenchyma in the healthy CNS. Furthermore, a study by Zech et al. [3] revealed the presence of Col6a3 mRNA in neurons throughout the adult mouse brain, even in the absence of injury. Moreover, Roggendorf et al. [4] in one of their studies using monospecific affinity-purified polyclonal antibodies against collagen VI by applying peroxidase-anti peroxidase- and alkaline phosphatase-anti alkaline phosphatase techniques, have noted intensive staining in the superficial glia, choroid plexus, and sheath of cranial nerves.

    Apart from this, the ECM also exists in the nervous tissue itself, in the form of perineuronal nets and the neural interstitial matrix dispersed in the parenchyma [5] , which the author has not discussed. This is supported by evidence from a study conducted by Su et al. [6] where the loss of interneuron-derived collagen XIX led to a reduction in perineuronal nets in the mammalian telencephalon which may contribute to complex brain disorders, including schizophrenia. The author seems to have missed recent studies indicating the role of collagens in the developing CNS parenchyma such as guiding synaptogenesis, axonal guidance, and Schwann cell differentiation [7]. Indeed, also Dziadek et al. [8] have observed Collagen VI in the mesenchyme of the developing murine choroid plexus at E14 (embryonic day 14). Based on the facts addressed above, we conclude that the author could have made that statement if it had been made clear that there exist exceptions to that affirmation, which in this case could have been supported by the observation of both collagen VI and XIX in healthy neural parenchyma.

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