Pharmacological safety in dental practice: Drug–drug interactions, adverse drug reactions, and pharmacovigilance

Adora Shpati; Alba Kamberi; Adem Alushi; Nineta Saraci; Stela Panteqi; Estela Halimi; Adela Alushi; Adora Shpati; Alba Kamberi; Adem Alushi; Nineta Saraci; Stela Panteqi; Estela Halimi; Adela Alushi

doi:10.3934/jdms.2026009

Journal of Dentistry and Multidisciplinary Sciences

2026, Volume 2, Issue 1: 70-90. doi: 10.3934/jdms.2026009

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Review

Pharmacological safety in dental practice: Drug–drug interactions, adverse drug reactions, and pharmacovigilance

1.
Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Aldent University, 1005 Tirana, Albania
2.
Department of Dental Therapy, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine, Tirana, Albania
3.
Department of Advanced Technology in Medicine & Dentistry, "Gabriele D'Annunzio" University, 66100 Chieti, Italy

Received: 08 February 2026 Revised: 19 September 2026 Accepted: 10 October 2026 Published: 19 October 2026

Background
As the prevalence of systemic co-morbidities and polypharmacy increases among dental patients, the risk of clinically significant drug-drug interactions (DDIs) has become a critical concern in outpatient care. In this narrative review, we evaluated the pharmacological risks associated with the most common dental prescriptions, including analgesics, antimicrobials, and local anesthetics, in patients with underlying systemic conditions under long-term treatment.
Materials and methods
A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar using MeSH terms related to “dental drug interactions”, “pharmacovigilance in dentistry”, and “adverse drug reactions”. We synthesized data from clinical trials, systematic reviews, and pharmacological guidelines published over the last 16 years.
Results
Analysis revealed that common dental therapeutics are not always “low-risk” interventions. Interactions can range from decreased treatment efficacy to potential severe complications. Furthermore, the review highlights the lower levels of pharmacovigilance and Adverse Drug Reaction reporting among dental professionals.
Conclusions
The findings underscore significant “underlying risks” in routine dental practice. To ensure patient safety, dental practitioners must shift toward an evidence-based prescribing model that prioritizes pharmacological literacy, systematic pharmacovigilance, and proactive reporting of Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs).
- drug-drug interactions (DDIs),
- dental pharmacology,
- pharmacovigilance,
- NSAIDs interactions,
- antibiotic interactions
Citation: Adora Shpati, Alba Kamberi, Adem Alushi, Nineta Saraci, Stela Panteqi, Estela Halimi, Adela Alushi. Pharmacological safety in dental practice: Drug–drug interactions, adverse drug reactions, and pharmacovigilance[J]. Journal of Dentistry and Multidisciplinary Sciences, 2026, 2(1): 70-90. doi: 10.3934/jdms.2026009

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Abstract

Background

As the prevalence of systemic co-morbidities and polypharmacy increases among dental patients, the risk of clinically significant drug-drug interactions (DDIs) has become a critical concern in outpatient care. In this narrative review, we evaluated the pharmacological risks associated with the most common dental prescriptions, including analgesics, antimicrobials, and local anesthetics, in patients with underlying systemic conditions under long-term treatment.

Materials and methods

A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar using MeSH terms related to “dental drug interactions”, “pharmacovigilance in dentistry”, and “adverse drug reactions”. We synthesized data from clinical trials, systematic reviews, and pharmacological guidelines published over the last 16 years.

Results

Analysis revealed that common dental therapeutics are not always “low-risk” interventions. Interactions can range from decreased treatment efficacy to potential severe complications. Furthermore, the review highlights the lower levels of pharmacovigilance and Adverse Drug Reaction reporting among dental professionals.

Conclusions

The findings underscore significant “underlying risks” in routine dental practice. To ensure patient safety, dental practitioners must shift toward an evidence-based prescribing model that prioritizes pharmacological literacy, systematic pharmacovigilance, and proactive reporting of Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs).

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