Biomechanical analysis of lower limb movements of badminton players before and after intense exercise

Xiaolong Li; Xiaolong Li

doi:10.3934/bioeng.2026020

AIMS Bioengineering

2026, Volume 13, Issue 3: 418-432. doi: 10.3934/bioeng.2026020

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Research article

Biomechanical analysis of lower limb movements of badminton players before and after intense exercise

Xiaolong Li ^,

Physical Education Department, Shandong University of Political Science and Law, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China

Received: 01 July 2026 Revised: 22 September 2026 Accepted: 24 September 2026 Published: 29 September 2026

Objective
At present, there are few studies that systematically investigate the coordinated changes in the kinematics, dynamics, and overall stability control of multiple joints in the lower limbs under the fatigue program of badminton. This paper aimed to explore the effects of intense exercise on the left and right lunges of badminton players.
Methods
Twenty badminton players from Shandong University of Political Science and Law completed three left lunge movements and three right lunge movements before and after intense exercise, with the right lower limb as the unified support under all conditions. Kinematic and dynamic data were collected simultaneously for two-factor repeated-measures analysis of variance (intense exercise × lunge direction) in SPSS 23.0.
Results
The main effect of the lunge direction and the interaction effect of movement × direction did not reach statistical significance (p > 0.05) for all joint angles and torque indicators, indicating that the fatigue effect of intense exercise is consistent under left and right lunge conditions. Regarding the main effect of movement, the hip flexion angle significantly decreased (p = 0.024), and the hip adduction and external rotation both increased (p = 0.008, p = 0.021); the knee internal rotation increased (p = 0.017); the ankle eversion increased (p = 0.034); the hip extension torque (p = 0.018) and adduction torque (p = 0.015), the knee flexion torque (p = 0.016) and adduction torque (p = 0.012), and the ankle inversion torque (p = 0.021) all significantly decreased. The anterior–posterior velocity of the body's center of mass (p = 0.005), the vertical displacement range (p = 0.014), and the margin of stability (p = 0.008) were all significantly reduced.
Conclusion
After intense exercise, the angles and torques of the lower limb joints of the subjects change. This may be associated with an increased risk of lower limb injuries under fatigue conditions, and it can provide a reference for the design of specialized gait training and injury prevention programs.
- badminton player,
- biomechanics,
- dynamics,
- gait movement,
- intense exercise,
- kinematics,
- sports injury
Citation: Xiaolong Li. Biomechanical analysis of lower limb movements of badminton players before and after intense exercise[J]. AIMS Bioengineering, 2026, 13(3): 418-432. doi: 10.3934/bioeng.2026020

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Abstract

Objective

At present, there are few studies that systematically investigate the coordinated changes in the kinematics, dynamics, and overall stability control of multiple joints in the lower limbs under the fatigue program of badminton. This paper aimed to explore the effects of intense exercise on the left and right lunges of badminton players.

Methods

Twenty badminton players from Shandong University of Political Science and Law completed three left lunge movements and three right lunge movements before and after intense exercise, with the right lower limb as the unified support under all conditions. Kinematic and dynamic data were collected simultaneously for two-factor repeated-measures analysis of variance (intense exercise × lunge direction) in SPSS 23.0.

Results

The main effect of the lunge direction and the interaction effect of movement × direction did not reach statistical significance (p > 0.05) for all joint angles and torque indicators, indicating that the fatigue effect of intense exercise is consistent under left and right lunge conditions. Regarding the main effect of movement, the hip flexion angle significantly decreased (p = 0.024), and the hip adduction and external rotation both increased (p = 0.008, p = 0.021); the knee internal rotation increased (p = 0.017); the ankle eversion increased (p = 0.034); the hip extension torque (p = 0.018) and adduction torque (p = 0.015), the knee flexion torque (p = 0.016) and adduction torque (p = 0.012), and the ankle inversion torque (p = 0.021) all significantly decreased. The anterior–posterior velocity of the body's center of mass (p = 0.005), the vertical displacement range (p = 0.014), and the margin of stability (p = 0.008) were all significantly reduced.

Conclusion

After intense exercise, the angles and torques of the lower limb joints of the subjects change. This may be associated with an increased risk of lower limb injuries under fatigue conditions, and it can provide a reference for the design of specialized gait training and injury prevention programs.

Conflict of Interest

The author declares no conflict of interest.

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