Research article

Effect of γ irradiation on the antibacterial activity of poly lactic acid films encapsulated with essential oils against some common food borne pathogens

  • The production of healthy, eco-friendly, sustainable, and active food packaging is necessary to replace the existing conventional synthetic packaging. The aim of this study is to develop new food packaging materials from polylactic acid (biodegradable polymer) encapsulated with volatile oils for the production of active packaging that has a functional effect on food borne pathogens (antibacterial properties) and to study the impact of gamma irradiation on the antimicrobial activity of these packages. Lemongrass essential oils (LGEO) and Cumin essential oils (CEO) and in combination (mix EOs), their incorporation complex into polylactic acid (PLA) films and the antibacterial activity of active PLA films before and after γ-irradiation (5 and 10 kGy) were studied against three important food pathogens; Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enteritidis. Also, the mechanical and physical properties of the active films were evaluated. PLA/LGEO showed good stability with a suitable prolonged release of LGEO, resulting in improved antimicrobial activity compared to the PLA/CEO. Due to the synergistic effects of mix EOs, PLA/mix EOs films showed complete inactivation against tested bacteria, suggesting that the evolved PLA/mix EOs films have great potential for food active packaging applications, so PLA/mix EOs were selected for further analysis. Irradiation at dose 5 kGy has no significant effect on the antibacterial activity of PLA/EOs films, increasing the radiation dose to 10 kGy, resulted in a significant decrease in active PLA/EOs films antibacterial activity. The combination of lactic acid active packaging and 5 or less doses of gamma irradiation will have a synergistic effect against food borne pathogen, thus achieving the quality and safety of irradiated foods.

    Citation: Saber Ibrahim, Amany Badr El-Deen Abd El-Aziz, Hanan Hassan Abdel-Khalek. Effect of γ irradiation on the antibacterial activity of poly lactic acid films encapsulated with essential oils against some common food borne pathogens[J]. AIMS Agriculture and Food, 2020, 5(4): 715-733. doi: 10.3934/agrfood.2020.4.715

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  • The production of healthy, eco-friendly, sustainable, and active food packaging is necessary to replace the existing conventional synthetic packaging. The aim of this study is to develop new food packaging materials from polylactic acid (biodegradable polymer) encapsulated with volatile oils for the production of active packaging that has a functional effect on food borne pathogens (antibacterial properties) and to study the impact of gamma irradiation on the antimicrobial activity of these packages. Lemongrass essential oils (LGEO) and Cumin essential oils (CEO) and in combination (mix EOs), their incorporation complex into polylactic acid (PLA) films and the antibacterial activity of active PLA films before and after γ-irradiation (5 and 10 kGy) were studied against three important food pathogens; Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enteritidis. Also, the mechanical and physical properties of the active films were evaluated. PLA/LGEO showed good stability with a suitable prolonged release of LGEO, resulting in improved antimicrobial activity compared to the PLA/CEO. Due to the synergistic effects of mix EOs, PLA/mix EOs films showed complete inactivation against tested bacteria, suggesting that the evolved PLA/mix EOs films have great potential for food active packaging applications, so PLA/mix EOs were selected for further analysis. Irradiation at dose 5 kGy has no significant effect on the antibacterial activity of PLA/EOs films, increasing the radiation dose to 10 kGy, resulted in a significant decrease in active PLA/EOs films antibacterial activity. The combination of lactic acid active packaging and 5 or less doses of gamma irradiation will have a synergistic effect against food borne pathogen, thus achieving the quality and safety of irradiated foods.


    The Solomon Islands experienced, between 2010, a meteoric fall in the level of malaria incidence and prevalence [1]. Thanks ostensibly to the efforts of bilateral and multilateral partners and donors, annual parasite incidence (API) fell from 70 to 40 per 1,000 population. With such dramatic progress, international efforts were hailed as dramatic successes [2] and showcased as progress towards the beau ideal: malaria elimination and eradication, within most of our lifetimes [3].

    Yet, in 2017, it appeared that disaster had struck: API caseloads rose, again dramatically, to above 80 per 1,000 population. Explanations as diverse as program failures, globalization, migration, and climate change were cited for this reversal of progress [4], and these were at least in part fair explanations. Ironically, however, the true cause lay in the advancement of the country's heath system: with greater surveillance, resources, skills, and monitoring and evaluation capacity the Solomon Islands was, for the first time, able to provide a true picture of actual malaria prevalence—something that, it transpired, previous estimates had only touched upon.

    Although pre-2017 surveillance systems were recognized as being based on incomplete information [5], no one could have been aware of the vast scale of undetected malaria in the county—of the shadow line of actual as opposed to perceived incidence and prevalence, particularly in remote and previously inaccessible areas such as the Malaita and Central provinces, which alone account for the vast majority of reported cases [6].

    The true levels of malaria did, however, cause problems for international program support dependent on the demonstration of tangible progress towards both meeting treatment targets and lowering disease levels. In a cruel twist, the country's health system progress had demonstrated that both eradication progress and grant performance was severely underperforming.

    This, of course, was not the case: although the relative or perceived success of the program had changed dramatically, the absolute number of those treated for malaria and accessing bed nets had increased dramatically [7]. It is, in retrospect, only through these figures that one can gain a true understanding of the efforts and successes of the National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme.

    Yet even with that recognition, the question remains as to whether, based on a limited understanding of the true malaria disease burden, that malaria elimination should have been considered possible [8]. No doubt, such enticing goals are attractive to funders, and excite and invigorate the global health community in to working towards and contributing to individual and collective historical milestones. Yet, too often, such ambitious goals are dispiritingly unmet, leading to the risk of prospective aid scepticism.

    More immediately, the Solomon Islands is now subject to a malaria elimination reporting system, requiring a level of effort and detail totally impractical for facility staff in high prevalence provinces. Similar questions might need be faced by donors: are they basing projections and targets, too often, on incomplete information sets?

    If so, should greater leniency be shown towards those countries, districts or regions for which health surveillance information is known to be incomplete or unreliable? In turn, do such knowledge limitations question the very assumptions of accurate knowledge on which productive global health programs are based? In a final paradox, the true caseload of malaria in the Solomon Islands has revealed a situation that calls for more, rather than less, support.



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