Open Access Journals

AIMS Microbiology, 2017, 3(2): 143-154. doi: 10.3934/microbiol.2017.2.143. Review

Export file:

Format

RIS(for EndNote,Reference Manager,ProCite)
BibTex
Text

Content

Citation Only
Citation and Abstract

Microbiome in the urinary system—a review

Jane Tang

National Security and Intelligence, Noblis, Reston, VA, USA

Received: , Accepted: , Published:

Abstract Full Text(HTML) Figure/Table Related pages

Urine was considered sterile in healthy individuals for many years, and the presence of bacteria signified urinary tract infection. With the development of Expanded Quantitative Urine Culture (EQUC) and utilization of molecular techniques, the previous clinical dogma is no longer valid. Instead, healthy people harbor a considerable microbial community, or microbiota, in their urinary systems. Similar to other physiological niches where microbiota contribute to the health status of their hosts, recent studies demonstrated different microbial populations also play a crucial role in urinary health of individuals. Understanding urinary microbiome thus allows a more holistic approach in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases and disorders in urinary system. This review article provides an overview of current findings in urinary microbiome and discusses some of the gaps for future research.

Figure/Table

Supplementary

Article Metrics

Keywords: microbiome; urinary system; microbiota; urinary tract infection; urinary microbiome

Citation: Jane Tang. Microbiome in the urinary system—a review. AIMS Microbiology, 2017, 3(2): 143-154. doi: 10.3934/microbiol.2017.2.143

References:

1. Human Microbiome Project Consortium, Structure, function and diversity of the healthy human microbiome, 2012. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22699609.
2. Cho I, Blaser MJ (2012) The human microbiome: at the interface of health and disease. Nat Rev Genet 13: 260–270.
3. Grice EA, Segre JA (2012) The human microbiome: our second genome. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 13: 151–170.
4. Thomas-White K, Brady M, Wolfe AJ, et al. (2016) The bladder is not sterile: History and current discoveries on the urinary microbiome. Curr Bladder Dysfunct Rep 11: 18–24.
5. Whiteside SA, Razvi H, Dave S, et al. (2015) The microbiome of the urinary tract-a role beyond infection. Nat Rev Urol 12: 81–90.
6. J Craig Ventor Institute, Asymptomatic bacteriuria: Microbiome and metaproteome, 2016. Available from: http://www.jcvi.org/cms/research/projects/asymptomatic-bacteriuria-microbiome-and-metaproteome.
7. Vollmar A (2016) The urinary tract's microbiome. Midwifery Matters Winter: 26.
8. Wolfe AJ, Brubaker L (2015) "Sterile urine" and the presence of bacteria. Eur Urol 68: 173–174.
9. Lewis DA, Brown R, Williams J, et al. (2013) The human urinary microbiome; bacterial DNA in voided urine of asymptomatic adults. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 3: 41.
10. Hilt EE, McKinley K, Pearce MM, et al. (2014) Urine is not sterile: use of enhanced urine culture techniques to detect resident bacterial flora in the adult female bladder. J Clin Microbiol 52: 871–876.
11. Brubaker L, Wolfe AJ (2015) The new world of the urinary microbiota in women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 213: 644–649.
12. Wolfe AJ, Toh E, Shibata N, et al. (2012) Evidence of uncultivated bacteria in the adult female bladder. J Clin Microbiol 50: 1376b1383.
13. Ipe DS, Horton E, Ulett GC (2016) The Basics of bacteriuria: strategies of microbes for persistence in urine. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 6: 14.
14. Pearce MM, Zilliox MJ, Rosenfeld AB, et al. (2015) The female urinary microbiome in urgency urinary incontinence. Am J Obstet Gynecol 213: 347–e1.
15. Cadieux PA, Burton J, Devillard E, et al. (2009) Lactobacillus by-products inhibit the growth and virulence of uropathogenic Escherichia coli. J Physiol Pharmacol 60 (Suppl 6): 13–18.
16. Schreckenberger P (2014) Reporting: more than meets the eye- the urine microbiome. ISM Fall Meeting.
17. Khasriya R, Sathiananthamoorthy S, Ismail S, et al. (2013) Spectrum of bacterial colonization associated with urothelial cells from patients with chronic lower urinary tract symptoms. J Clin Microbio 51: 2054–2062.
18. Pearce MM, Hilt EE, Rosenfeld AB, et al. (2014) The female urinary microbiome: a comparison of women with and without urgency urinary incontinence. MBio 5: e01283–01214.
19. Price TK, Dune T, Hilt EE, et al. (2016) The clinical urine culture: enhanced techniques improve detection of clinically relevant microorganisms. J Clin Microbiol 54: 1216–1222.
20. Thomas-White KJ, Hilt EE, Fok C, et al. (2016) Incontinence medication response relates to the female urinary microbiota. Int Urogynecol J 27: 723–733.
21. Ipe DS, Sundac L, Benjamin WH, et al. (2013) Asymptomatic bacteriuria: prevalence rates of causal microorganisms, etiology of infection in different patient populations, and recent advances in molecular detection. FEMS Microbiol Lett 346: 1–10.
22. Kok DJ, Maghdid DM, Erasmus MC (2016) Relations to urinary tract infection, hormonal status, gender and age. 17th International EAUN Meeting, Munich, Germany.
23. Nelson DE, Dong Q, Van Der Pol B, et al. (2012) Bacterial Communities of the coronal sulcus and distal urethra of adolescent males. PLoS One 7: e36298.
24. Fouts DE, Pieper R, Szpakowski S, et. al. (2012) Intergrated next-generation sequencing for 16S rDNA and metaproteomics differentiate the healthy urine microbioime from asymptomatic bacteriuria in neuropathic bladder associated with spinal cord injury. J Trans Med 10: 174.
25. Karstens L, Asquith M, Davin S, et al. (2016) Does the urinary microbiome play a role in urgency urinary incontience and its severity? Frontiers in Cell Infect Microbiol 76: 1–13.
26. Chen S, Dong X (2005) Proteiniphilum acetatigenes gen. nov., sp. nov., from a UASB reactor treating brewery wastewater. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 55: 2257–2261.
27. Jumas-Bilak E, Carlier JP, Jean-Pierre H, et al. (2007) Jonquetella anthropi gen. nov., sp. nov., the first member of the candidate phylum 'Synergistetes' isolated from man. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 57: 2743–2748.
28. Uemura H, Hayakawa K, Shimada K, et al. (2014) Parvimonas micra as a causative organism of spondylodiscitis: a report of two cases and a literature review. Int J Infect Dis 23: 53–55.
29. Chen S, Niu L, Zhang Y (2010) Saccharofermentans acetigenes gen. nov., sp. nov., an anaerobic bacterium isolated from sludge treating brewery wastewater. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 60: 2735–2738.
30. Beerepoot MA, ter Riet G, Nys S, et al. (2012) Lactobacilli vs antibiotics to prevent urinary tract infections: a randomized, double-blind, noninferiority trial in postmenopausal women. Arch Intern Med 172: 704–712.
31. Bao Y, Welk B, Reid G, et al. (2014) Role of the microbiome in recurrent urinary tract infection, In: Matsumoto, T. Author, Novel Insights into Urinary Tract Infections and their Management, London: Future Medicine Ltd, 48–59.
32. Horwitz D, McCue T, Mapes AC, et al. (2015) Decreased microbiota diversity associated with urinary tract infection in a trial of bacterial interference. J Infect 71: 358–367.
33. Siener R, Bangen U, Sidhu H, et al. (2013) The role of Oxalobacter formigenes colonization in calcium oxalate stone disease. Kidney Int 83: 1144–1149.
34. Jiang J, Knight J, Easter LH, et al. (2011) Impact of dietary calcium and oxalate, and Oxalobacter formigenes colonization on urinary oxalate excretion. J Urol 186: 135–139.
35. Dwyer ME, Krambeck AE, Bergstralh EJ, et al. (2012) Temporal trends in incidence of kidney stones among children: a 25-year population based study. J Urol 188: 247–252.
36. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Urinary Tract Infection in Adults, 2012. Available from: https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/urinary-tract-infections-utis.
37. American Urological Association, Adult UTI, 2016. Available from: https://www.auanet.org/education/adult-uti.cfm.
38. Huang M, Tang JT (2015) Probiotics in personal care products. Microbiol Discov 3: 1–9.
39. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Kidney Stones in Adults, 2013. Available from: https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/ urologic-disease/kidney-stones-in-adults/Pages/facts.aspx.
40. Barnett C, Nazzal L, Goldfarb DS, et al. (2016) The presence of Oxalobacter formigenes in the microbiome of healthy young adults. J Urol 195: 499–506.
41. Knight J, Deora R, Assimos DG, et al. (2013) The genetic composition of Oxalobacter formigenes and its relationship to colonization and calcium oxalate stone disease. Urolithiasis 41: 187–196.
42. Barr-Beare E, Saxena V, Hilt EE, et al. (2015) The interaction between Enterobacteriaceae and calcium oxalate deposits. PLoS One 10: e0139575.
43. Xu W, Yang L, Lee P, et al. (2014) Mini-review: perspective of the microbiome in the pathogenesis of urothelial carcinoma. Am J Clin Exp Urol 2: 57–61.
44. Hurwitz M, Spiess PE, Garcia JA, et al. Urothelial Cancer, 2016. Available from: http://www.cancernetwork.com/cancer-management/urothelial-and-kidney-cancers.
45. The White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (2016) Fact Sheet: Announcing the National Microbiome Initiative. Available from: https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2016/05/12/fact-sheet-announcing-national-microbiome-initiative.

show all references

Reader Comments

your name: * your email: *

Copyright Info: 2017, Jane Tang, licensee AIMS Press. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licese (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0))

Download full text in PDF

Associated material

Metrics