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Research article Special Issues

Methodological approaches to exploring the spatial variation in social impacts of protected areas: An intercomparison of Bayesian regression modeling approaches and potential implications


  • Received: 12 August 2023 Revised: 24 October 2023 Accepted: 06 November 2023 Published: 19 February 2024
  • Protected Areas (PAs) are widely used to conserve biodiversity by protecting and restoring ecosystems while also contributing to socio-economic priorities. An increasing number of studies aim to examine the social impacts of PAs on aspects of people's well-being, such as, quality of life, livelihoods, and connectedness to nature. Despite the increase in literature on this topic, there are still few studies that explore possible robust methodological approaches to capturing and assessing the spatial distribution of impacts in a PA. This study aims to contribute to this research gap by comparing Bayesian spatial regression models that explore links between perceived social impacts and the relative location of local residents and communities in a PA. We use primary data collected from 227 individuals, via structured questionnaires, living in or near the Peak District National Park, United Kingdom. By comparing different models we were able to show that the location of respondents influences their perception of social impacts and that neighboring communities within the national park can have similar perceptions regarding social impacts. Simulation based on existing data using the Bootstrap sub-sampling was also conducted to validate the association between social impacts and mutual proximity of residents. Our findings suggest that this type of data is better treated, in terms of accounting for potential spatial effects, using models that allow for proximity effects to be stronger between people living nearby, e.g. between neighbors in the same community and have minimum effects otherwise. Understanding the spatial clustering of perceived social impacts in and around PA, is key to understanding their causes and to managing and mitigating them. Our findings highlight therefore the need to develop new methodological approaches to assessing and predicting accurately the spatial distribution of social impacts when designating PAs. The findings in this paper will assist practitioners in this regard by proposing approaches to the consideration of the distribution of social impacts when designing the boundaries of PAs alongside typical ecological and socio-economic criteria.

    Citation: Chrysovalantis Malesios, Nikoleta Jones, Alfie Begley, James McGinlay. Methodological approaches to exploring the spatial variation in social impacts of protected areas: An intercomparison of Bayesian regression modeling approaches and potential implications[J]. Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering, 2024, 21(3): 3816-3837. doi: 10.3934/mbe.2024170

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  • Protected Areas (PAs) are widely used to conserve biodiversity by protecting and restoring ecosystems while also contributing to socio-economic priorities. An increasing number of studies aim to examine the social impacts of PAs on aspects of people's well-being, such as, quality of life, livelihoods, and connectedness to nature. Despite the increase in literature on this topic, there are still few studies that explore possible robust methodological approaches to capturing and assessing the spatial distribution of impacts in a PA. This study aims to contribute to this research gap by comparing Bayesian spatial regression models that explore links between perceived social impacts and the relative location of local residents and communities in a PA. We use primary data collected from 227 individuals, via structured questionnaires, living in or near the Peak District National Park, United Kingdom. By comparing different models we were able to show that the location of respondents influences their perception of social impacts and that neighboring communities within the national park can have similar perceptions regarding social impacts. Simulation based on existing data using the Bootstrap sub-sampling was also conducted to validate the association between social impacts and mutual proximity of residents. Our findings suggest that this type of data is better treated, in terms of accounting for potential spatial effects, using models that allow for proximity effects to be stronger between people living nearby, e.g. between neighbors in the same community and have minimum effects otherwise. Understanding the spatial clustering of perceived social impacts in and around PA, is key to understanding their causes and to managing and mitigating them. Our findings highlight therefore the need to develop new methodological approaches to assessing and predicting accurately the spatial distribution of social impacts when designating PAs. The findings in this paper will assist practitioners in this regard by proposing approaches to the consideration of the distribution of social impacts when designing the boundaries of PAs alongside typical ecological and socio-economic criteria.



    AIMS Microbiology is an international Open Access journal devoted to publishing peer-reviewed, high quality, original papers in the field of microbiology. Together with the Editorial Office of AIMS Microbiology, I wish to testify my sincere gratitude to all authors, members of the editorial board and reviewers for their contribution to AIMS Microbiology in 2022.

    In 2022, We received more than 200 manuscripts and 40 of them were accepted and published. These published papers include 23 research articles, 11 review articles, 2 editorials, 2 communications and 1 brief report papers. The authors of the manuscripts are from more than 20 countries. The data shows a significant increase of international collaborations on the research of microbiology.

    An important part of our strategy has been preparation of special issues. 2 special issues published more than five papers. AIMS Microbiology have invited 17 experts to join our Editorial Board in 2022. We will continue to renew Editorial Board in 2022.

    We hope that in 2023, AIMS Microbiology can receive and collect more excellent articles to be able to publish. The journal will dedicate to publishing high quality papers by regular issues as well as special issues organized by the members of the editorial board. We believe that all these efforts will increase the impact and citations of the papers published by AIMS Microbiology.

    On behalf of

    AIMS Microbiology Editorial Board

    The submissions of our AIMS Microbiology journal in 2022 increased. In 2022, AIMS Microbiology published 4 issues, a total of 40 articles were published online, and the category of published articles is as follows:

    Type Number
    Research 23
    Review 11
    Editorial 2
    Communication 2
    Brief report 1

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    Peer Review Rejection rate: 49%

    Publication time (from submission to online): 75 days

    Organizing high-quality special issue is a very important work in 2022. In 2022, 7 special issues were called. Listed below are some examples of issues that have more than 5 papers. We encourage Editorial Board members to propose more potential topics, and to act as editors of special issues.

    Special issue link Papers
    Biotechnological applications of microorganisms in Industry, Agriculture and Environment https://www.aimspress.com/aimsmicro/article/6262/special-articles 8
    Antimicrobials and Resistance https://www.aimspress.com/aimsmicro/article/6209/special-articles 5

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    AIMS Microbiology has Editorial Board members representing researchers from 20 countries, which are shown below. We are constantly assembling the editorial board to be representative to a variety of disciplines across the field of microbiology. AIMS Microbiology has 81 members now, and 17 of them joined in 2022. We will continue to invite dedicated experts and researchers in order to renew the Editorial Board in 2022.

    Top 5 Cited Papers in last 2 years.

    No. Article Citations
    1 Salmonella spp. quorum sensing: an overview from environmental persistence to host cell invasion 10
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    In the recent two years, our journal has developed much faster than before; Our journal has been indexed in Web of Science, Scopus and PubMed databases. We received more than 200 manuscript submissions and published 40 papers in 2022. We have added 17 new Editorial Board members.

    In 2023, we expect to publish more articles to enhance the reputation. We will invite more experts in the field of microbiology to publish a review or research article. To set a goal, we would like to publish 40 high-quality articles in 2023. In 2023, we will continue to update our editorial board. We hope that more experts in the field of microbiology can help us review and guest special issues.



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