Optimal operation of integrated energy system considering source load uncertainty and equipment capacity optimization

Ruoli Tang; Chao Jiang; Xin Li; Yinchen Zhang; Zelong Li; Mingyue Xu; Ruoli Tang; Chao Jiang; Xin Li; Yinchen Zhang; Zelong Li; Mingyue Xu

doi:10.3934/energy.2025049

AIMS Energy

2025, Volume 13, Issue 5: 1320-1346. doi: 10.3934/energy.2025049

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Research article

Optimal operation of integrated energy system considering source load uncertainty and equipment capacity optimization

School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Energy Power Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China

Received: 27 June 2025 Revised: 04 September 2025 Accepted: 17 September 2025 Published: 20 October 2025

Due to the increasingly stringent environmental protection policies, the integrated energy system (IES) plays a vital role in improving energy efficiency and reducing carbon emissions (CE). To achieve optimal operation of IES,a method that considers source load uncertainty and equipment capacity optimization is proposed in this study. First, an IES model including electricity, heat, and gas energies is established, and a ladder-type carbon trading mechanism model is introduced to implement CE restrictions. Furthermore, by considering the horizontal transfer and vertical complementary substitution of electricity, heat, and gas loads, an integrated demand response (IDR) model is proposed. Second, in order to achieve the minimization of the IES comprehensive cost, the equipment capacity optimization is introduced into the developed operation model. Then, the optimal operation model is established and transformed into a constrained mixed integer linear problem, which can be directly solved by the commercial solver CPLEX. Finally, the information gap decision theory is used for solving the source load uncertainty problem, and a risk-averse robust model is proposed. Experimental results showed that when IDR is considered, the total operating (TO) cost is reduced from 29130.69 to 27470.67 CNY (5.70% reduction), and CE is reduced from 28788.92 to 25391.62 kg (11.80% reduction). Moreover, by introducing the equipment capacity optimization, the TO cost is further reduced from 27470.67 to 27071.28 CNY (1.45% reduction), and CE is further reduced from 25391.62 to 25114.43 kg (1.09% reduction). Simultaneously, when the source load uncertainty is considered, the TO cost is increased from 27071.28 to 28424.85 CNY (5.00% increase), and CE is increased from 25114.43 to 27560.31 kg (9.74% increase). However, the risk-bearing ability can be significantly improved, and the operational stability is also increased.
- integrated energy system,
- integrated demand response,
- optimal operation,
- equipment capacity optimization,
- source load uncertainty
Citation: Ruoli Tang, Chao Jiang, Xin Li, Yinchen Zhang, Zelong Li, Mingyue Xu. Optimal operation of integrated energy system considering source load uncertainty and equipment capacity optimization[J]. AIMS Energy, 2025, 13(5): 1320-1346. doi: 10.3934/energy.2025049

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Abstract

Due to the increasingly stringent environmental protection policies, the integrated energy system (IES) plays a vital role in improving energy efficiency and reducing carbon emissions (CE). To achieve optimal operation of IES,a method that considers source load uncertainty and equipment capacity optimization is proposed in this study. First, an IES model including electricity, heat, and gas energies is established, and a ladder-type carbon trading mechanism model is introduced to implement CE restrictions. Furthermore, by considering the horizontal transfer and vertical complementary substitution of electricity, heat, and gas loads, an integrated demand response (IDR) model is proposed. Second, in order to achieve the minimization of the IES comprehensive cost, the equipment capacity optimization is introduced into the developed operation model. Then, the optimal operation model is established and transformed into a constrained mixed integer linear problem, which can be directly solved by the commercial solver CPLEX. Finally, the information gap decision theory is used for solving the source load uncertainty problem, and a risk-averse robust model is proposed. Experimental results showed that when IDR is considered, the total operating (TO) cost is reduced from 29130.69 to 27470.67 CNY (5.70% reduction), and CE is reduced from 28788.92 to 25391.62 kg (11.80% reduction). Moreover, by introducing the equipment capacity optimization, the TO cost is further reduced from 27470.67 to 27071.28 CNY (1.45% reduction), and CE is further reduced from 25391.62 to 25114.43 kg (1.09% reduction). Simultaneously, when the source load uncertainty is considered, the TO cost is increased from 27071.28 to 28424.85 CNY (5.00% increase), and CE is increased from 25114.43 to 27560.31 kg (9.74% increase). However, the risk-bearing ability can be significantly improved, and the operational stability is also increased.

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