This paper proposes a design of energy balance circuit for two adjacent Lithium-ion battery cells in the cell string based on the modifying of the bidirectional CuK converter principle. This design only uses one MOSFET to transfer energy between two cells in a direction controlled by the first relay, second relay controls the cutting energy balance circuit off the cells when they have the same energy level. The control command sent by the management battery system (BMS) to the energy balance circuit via an RS485 communication protocol controls the direction of transferring energy, the amplitude of the balance current, the frequency and duty of PWM, the PWM signal applied to MOSFET is programmed by a microprocessor PIC18F2685. This design overcomes some disadvantages caused by applying the principle of bidirectional CuK converter to design the energy balancing circuit, these are the need for a multiple level DC source to open MOSFETs and issue of the energy loss on the elements of energy balance circuit. This design is also easy to expand for the battery string with a large number of cells. The energy balance control strategy can be implemented directly by each the energy balance circuit or remotely by BMS using RS485 communication. The experimental results of online optimal energy balance control based on state of charge (SoC) feedback for 07 SAMSUNG 22P battery cells connected in series are presented to prove the efficiency of the energy balance circuit design for two adjacent cells proposed in this paper.
Citation: Chi Van Nguyen, Thuy Nguyen Vinh. Design of energy balancing circuit for battery cells connected in series based on modifying the bidirectional CuK converter[J]. AIMS Energy, 2022, 10(2): 219-235. doi: 10.3934/energy.2022012
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This paper proposes a design of energy balance circuit for two adjacent Lithium-ion battery cells in the cell string based on the modifying of the bidirectional CuK converter principle. This design only uses one MOSFET to transfer energy between two cells in a direction controlled by the first relay, second relay controls the cutting energy balance circuit off the cells when they have the same energy level. The control command sent by the management battery system (BMS) to the energy balance circuit via an RS485 communication protocol controls the direction of transferring energy, the amplitude of the balance current, the frequency and duty of PWM, the PWM signal applied to MOSFET is programmed by a microprocessor PIC18F2685. This design overcomes some disadvantages caused by applying the principle of bidirectional CuK converter to design the energy balancing circuit, these are the need for a multiple level DC source to open MOSFETs and issue of the energy loss on the elements of energy balance circuit. This design is also easy to expand for the battery string with a large number of cells. The energy balance control strategy can be implemented directly by each the energy balance circuit or remotely by BMS using RS485 communication. The experimental results of online optimal energy balance control based on state of charge (SoC) feedback for 07 SAMSUNG 22P battery cells connected in series are presented to prove the efficiency of the energy balance circuit design for two adjacent cells proposed in this paper.
Creating this inaugural special issue on Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is important due to the rapid technology advancement and the aim to reduce the manpower by incorporating Artificial Intelligence in various Industry 4.0 applications. As my research reflects the multi-disciplinarily of systems (consisting of mechanical, electrical, electronics, acoustical and marine engineering) from initial concepts to the modelling and AI simulation, creating graphical-user interface and their actual implementations and testing on sites. The special issue provides a good platform to share applied research results from different researchers around the world.
For example, the phase partition-based ensemble learning framework upon least squares supports vector regression (LSSVR) was used for soft sensor modeling to improve the prediction accuracy in chemical and biological processes. As a result, the robotic grasping based on improved Gaussian mixture model was also proposed using the virtual robot experimentation platform. The face image recognition algorithm based on two-dimensional (2D) Gabor wavelet transform and Local Binary Pattern (LBP) was presented. It provides a better classification performance in different scales and directions affected by illumination, gesture, expression, and other factor's variation. With more consciousness in cyber-security, the paper that used the Kalman filter-based attack detection model was proposed. The block withholding delay attack and the countermeasure were also proposed in a similar occasion. The well-known convolutional neural network (CNN) based approach was applied to detect the obstacle for the unmanned surface vehicle. Subsequently, an effective classifier based on the CNN and regularized extreme learning machine (ELM) was adopted to reduce the classification time in the training and testing.
In summary, this issue concluded with different engineering applications of AI. It is imperative that we continue to progress in our search for better engineering systems design and simulation using AI. The progress reported in this special issue suggests that achieving these aims is an attainable one. I hope that we can stay in contact and make this world a better place for a "deep" collaborative research.
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Chi Van Nguyen, Thuy Nguyen Vinh. Design of energy balancing circuit for battery cells connected in series based on modifying the bidirectional CuK converter[J]. AIMS Energy, 2022, 10(2): 219-235. doi: 10.3934/energy.2022012
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