Aptamers, including nucleic acid and peptide aptamers, are small biological molecules whose development has consistently represented the forefront of science and technology. With advances in synthetic biology, bioinformatics, and cell biology, alongside the integration of multidisciplinary approaches, researchers have been able to construct aptamers of diverse structures and functions based on peptide self-assembly, thereby continuously driving innovation in this field. The maturation of various synthesis techniques has further facilitated the gradual translation of aptamers into the market. Supported by the establishment of aptamer information libraries, as well as their inherent excellent affinity and specificity, aptamers can now be synthesized, chemically modified, and applied across a broad spectrum of biomedical scenarios. They function not only as therapeutic agents and diagnostic probes, but also as biosensing tools and delivery vehicles for other drugs. These characteristics underscore the significance of aptamer development within the field of molecular recognition. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive review of various research directions centered on their targeting properties, including their use as therapeutic and diagnostic agents, biosensors, platforms for new drug development, and drug delivery vehicles.
Citation: Wen jie, Tonggong Liu, Jie Zhao, Shengjie Wu, Dayong Gu. The application and frontier progress of aptamers from targeted technology to clinical diagnosis and treatment[J]. AIMS Bioengineering, 2025, 12(4): 503-529. doi: 10.3934/bioeng.2025024
Aptamers, including nucleic acid and peptide aptamers, are small biological molecules whose development has consistently represented the forefront of science and technology. With advances in synthetic biology, bioinformatics, and cell biology, alongside the integration of multidisciplinary approaches, researchers have been able to construct aptamers of diverse structures and functions based on peptide self-assembly, thereby continuously driving innovation in this field. The maturation of various synthesis techniques has further facilitated the gradual translation of aptamers into the market. Supported by the establishment of aptamer information libraries, as well as their inherent excellent affinity and specificity, aptamers can now be synthesized, chemically modified, and applied across a broad spectrum of biomedical scenarios. They function not only as therapeutic agents and diagnostic probes, but also as biosensing tools and delivery vehicles for other drugs. These characteristics underscore the significance of aptamer development within the field of molecular recognition. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive review of various research directions centered on their targeting properties, including their use as therapeutic and diagnostic agents, biosensors, platforms for new drug development, and drug delivery vehicles.
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Figures(7)
Wen jie, Tonggong Liu, Jie Zhao, Shengjie Wu, Dayong Gu. The application and frontier progress of aptamers from targeted technology to clinical diagnosis and treatment[J]. AIMS Bioengineering, 2025, 12(4): 503-529. doi: 10.3934/bioeng.2025024
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