Medicinal plants have long been a cornerstone of traditional and modern medicines. Their extracts are recognized for their significant safety and therapeutic potential. Caralluma fimbriata, a member of the Apocynaceae family, has a historical application in the treatment of diabetes, oxidative stress, and metabolic disorders. We focused on the nutritional and mineral analysis of C. fimbriata and assessed four extraction techniques, Maceration (MC), Soxhlet extraction (SOX), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), and ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), to evaluate their impact on extraction yield and antioxidant potential. The study revealed that the UAE exhibited a significantly higher extraction efficiency (21.99%) compared to MAE (15.29%), SOX (14.01%), and MC (11.72%). The UAE extraction method revealed the highest total phenolic content (37.72 ± 1.75 mg/g) and flavonoid content (18.47 ± 1.59 mg/g) compared to all other methods. The enhanced antioxidant activity was corroborated by the findings, as demonstrated through the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay (91.29%) and the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (788.32 μmol FeSO4/g). FTIR spectroscopy confirmed that the core chemical composition of extracts was unchanged across all extraction techniques. The findings indicated that the UAE is an effective and sustainable method for optimizing phytochemical extraction from C. fimbriata, highlighting its potential as a source of natural antioxidants for the nutraceutical sector and functional foods.
Citation: Rimsha Anwar, Allah Rakha, Imran Pasha, Muhammad Asghar. Unveiling the bioactive potential of indigenous Caralluma fimbriata extract: Integrated nutritional, phytochemical and structural profiling[J]. AIMS Agriculture and Food, 2025, 10(4): 862-884. doi: 10.3934/agrfood.2025045
Medicinal plants have long been a cornerstone of traditional and modern medicines. Their extracts are recognized for their significant safety and therapeutic potential. Caralluma fimbriata, a member of the Apocynaceae family, has a historical application in the treatment of diabetes, oxidative stress, and metabolic disorders. We focused on the nutritional and mineral analysis of C. fimbriata and assessed four extraction techniques, Maceration (MC), Soxhlet extraction (SOX), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), and ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), to evaluate their impact on extraction yield and antioxidant potential. The study revealed that the UAE exhibited a significantly higher extraction efficiency (21.99%) compared to MAE (15.29%), SOX (14.01%), and MC (11.72%). The UAE extraction method revealed the highest total phenolic content (37.72 ± 1.75 mg/g) and flavonoid content (18.47 ± 1.59 mg/g) compared to all other methods. The enhanced antioxidant activity was corroborated by the findings, as demonstrated through the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay (91.29%) and the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (788.32 μmol FeSO4/g). FTIR spectroscopy confirmed that the core chemical composition of extracts was unchanged across all extraction techniques. The findings indicated that the UAE is an effective and sustainable method for optimizing phytochemical extraction from C. fimbriata, highlighting its potential as a source of natural antioxidants for the nutraceutical sector and functional foods.
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Figures(5) / Tables(3)
Rimsha Anwar, Allah Rakha, Imran Pasha, Muhammad Asghar. Unveiling the bioactive potential of indigenous Caralluma fimbriata extract: Integrated nutritional, phytochemical and structural profiling[J]. AIMS Agriculture and Food, 2025, 10(4): 862-884. doi: 10.3934/agrfood.2025045
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