Citation: Dominic Bowd, Campbell McKay, Wendy S. Shaw. Urban greening: environmentalism or marketable aesthetics[J]. AIMS Environmental Science, 2015, 2(4): 935-949. doi: 10.3934/environsci.2015.4.935
[1] | Lankao PR (2007) Are we missing the point? Particularities of urbanization, sustainability and carbon emissions in Latin American cities. Environ Urban 19: 159-175. doi: 10.1177/0956247807076915 |
[2] | Betsill MM, Bulkeley H (2006) Cities and the multilevel governance of global climate change. Glob Gov 12: 141-159. |
[3] | Heidegger M (2001) The Fundamental Concepts of Metaphysics. Indiana: Indiana University Press. |
[4] | Gibbs DC (2000) Ecological modernization, regional economic development and Regional Development Agences. Geoforum 31: 9-19. doi: 10.1016/S0016-7185(99)00040-8 |
[5] | Myllyla S, Kuvaja K (2005) Societal premises for sustainable development in large southern cities. Glob Environ Change 15: 224-237. doi: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2005.01.001 |
[6] | Deonie A, Olive V, Arthur S, et al. (2015). Urban Sediment Transport through an Established Vegetated Swale: Long Term Treatment Efficiencies and Deposition. Water 7: 1046-1067 doi: 10.3390/w7031046 |
[7] | Hamilton C (2010) Consumerism, self-creation and prospects for a new ecological consciousness. J Clean Prod 18: 571-575. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2009.09.013 |
[8] | Li J, Wai OWH, Li YS, et al. (2010) Effect of green roof on ambient CO2 concentration. Build Environ 45: 2644-2651. doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2010.05.025 |
[9] | Susca T, Gaffin SR, Dell'Osso GR (2011) Positive effects of vegetation: Urban heat island and green roofs. Environ Pollut 159: 2119-2126. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.03.007 |
[10] | Habermas J (1987) The Theory of Communicative Action, Volume 2: Life-World and System: A Critique of Functionalist Reason. Boston: Beacon Press. |
[11] | Foucault M (1980) Power-knowledge: selected interviews and other writings, 1972-1977. New York: Pantheon Books. |
[12] | Rabinow P (1991) The Foucault Reader. London: Penguin. |
[13] | Chichilnisky G (2011) What is sustainability? Int J Sust Econ 3: 125-140. |
[14] | Corburn J (2009) Cities, Climate Change and Urban Heat Island Mitigation: Localising Global Environmental Science. Urban Stud 46: 413-427. doi: 10.1177/0042098008099361 |
[15] | Jasanoff S (2004) States of knowledge: the co-production of science and the social order. London: Routledge. |
[16] | Bai X (2007) Integrating global environmental concerns into urban management: the scale and readiness arguments. J Ind Ecol 11: 15-29. doi: 10.1162/jie.2007.1202 |
[17] | Miller C (2004) Resisting empire; globalism, relocalization, and the politics of knowledge. In: S Jasanoff, M Martello (eds.) Earthly Politics: Local and Global in Environmental Governance, 81-102. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. |
[18] | Ingold T (2000) The perception of the environment: essays on livelihood, dwelling and skill. Melbourne: Psychology Press. |
[19] | Meinig DW, Jackson JB, Lewis PF, et al. (1979) The Interpretation of Ordinary Landscapes: Geographical Essays. New York: Oxford University Press. |
[20] | Logan MI (1964) Manufacturing Decentralization in the Sydney Metropolitan Area. Econ Geogr 40: 151-162. doi: 10.2307/142194 |
[21] | Duncan J (1995) Landscape Geography, 1993-94. Prog Human Geogr 19: 414-422. doi: 10.1177/030913259501900308 |
[22] | Cosgrove D, Jackson P (1987) New directions in cultural geography. Area 19: 95-101. |
[23] | Muir R (1998) Landscape: a wasted legacy. Area 30: 263-271. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-4762.1998.tb00071.x |
[24] | Seddon G (1986) Landscape Planning: A Conceptual Perspective. Landsc Urban Plan 13: 335-347. doi: 10.1016/0169-2046(86)90051-4 |
[25] | Copley S (1994) The Politics of the Picturesque: Literature, Landscape, and Aesthetics since 1770. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. |
[26] | Kant I (1952) The science of right (W. Hastie, trans.). In: R Hutchins (ed.) Great books of the Western world, Vol. 42: Kant, 397-446. Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica. |
[27] | Sauer C (1925) The Morphology of Landscape. Los Angeles: Univ Calif Publ Geogr 22: 19-53. |
[28] | Gulinck H (1986) Landscape ecological aspects of agro-ecosystems. Agr Ecosyst Environ 16: 79-86. doi: 10.1016/0167-8809(86)90095-2 |
[29] | Olwig KR (1996) Recovering the substantive nature of landscape. Ann Assoc Am Geogr 86: 630-653. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8306.1996.tb01770.x |
[30] | Zhang LW, Jianping ZY, Jiong S (2004) A GIS-based gradient analysis of urban landscape pattern of Shanghai metropolitan area, China. Landsc Urban Plan 69: 1-16. doi: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2003.08.006 |
[31] | Dickinson RE, Crowe PR (1939) Landscape and society. Scott Geogr Mag 55: 1-15. |
[32] | Lewis P (1983) Learning from looking: geographic and other writing about the American cultural landscape. Am Quart 35: 242-261. doi: 10.2307/2712650 |
[33] | Jackson JB (1984) Discovering the vernacular landscape. New York: Yale University Press. |
[34] | Cosgrove D, Daniels S (1988) The iconography of landscape: essays on the symbolic representation, design and use of past environments. London: Cambridge University Press. |
[35] | Anderson K, Gale F (1992) Inventing places: Studies in cultural geography. Melbourne: Longman Cheshire. |
[36] | Zukin S (1998). Urban lifestyles: diversity and standardisation in spaces of consumption. Urban Stud 35: 825-839. doi: 10.1080/0042098984574 |
[37] | Gobster P, Nassauer J, Daniel TC, et al. (2007) The shared landscape: what does aesthetics have to do with ecology? Landsc Ecol 22: 959-972 doi: 10.1007/s10980-007-9110-x |
[38] | Johnston R (1998) Approaches to the perception of landscape. Archeo Dialog 5: 54-68. doi: 10.1017/S1380203800001161 |
[39] | Seamans S (2013) Mainstreaming the environmental benefits of street trees. Urban For Urban Gree 12: 2-11. doi: 10.1016/j.ufug.2012.08.004 |
[40] | Baker AR, Biger G (2006) Ideology and landscape in historical perspective: essays on the meanings of some places in the past, Vol. 18. London: Cambridge University Press. |
[41] | Thompson JB (1984) Studies in the Theory of Ideology. Los Angeles: University of California Press. |
[42] | Žižek S (1989) The sublime object of ideology. London: Verso. |
[43] | Žižek S, Daly G (2004) Conversations with Zizek. Cambridge: Polity. |
[44] | Cosgrove DE (1984) Social Formation and Symbolic Landscape. Totowa, NJ: Barnes and Noble. |
[45] | Robinson GM, Liu Z (2015) Greening and “un”greening Adelaide, South Australia. AIMS Enviro Sci 2: 511-532. doi: 10.3934/environsci.2015.3.511 |
[46] | van Der Heijden H (1999) Environmental movements, ecological modernisation and political opportunity structures. Environ Polit 8: 199-221. doi: 10.1080/09644019908414444 |
[47] | Baker A (1992) Introduction: on ideology and landscape. In: Baker A, and Biger G (eds.) Ideology and landscape in historical perspective, 1-14. London: Cambridge University Press. |
[48] | Bailey I, Gouldson A, Newell P (2011) Ecological modernisation and the governance of carbon: a critical analysis. Antipode 43: 682-703. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8330.2011.00880.x |
[49] | Blühdorn I, Welsh I (2007) Eco-politics beyond the paradigm of sustainability: a conceptual framework and research agenda. Environ Polit 16: 185-205. doi: 10.1080/09644010701211650 |
[50] | Derrida J (1990) Force of Law: The Mystical Foundation of Authority. Cardozo L Rev 11: 919. |
[51] | Checker M (2011) Wiped out by the ‘Greenwave’: environmental gentrification and the paradoxical politics of urban sustainability. City Soc 23: 210-229. doi: 10.1111/j.1548-744X.2011.01063.x |
[52] | Shaw W, Menday (2013) Fibro Dreaming: Greenwashed Beach-house Development on Australia's Coasts. Urban Stud 50: 2940-2958. doi: 10.1177/0042098013482507 |
[53] | Morris ES (2011) Down with ECO-towns! Up with ECO-communities. Or Is There a Need for Model Eco-towns? A Review of the 2009-2010 Eco-town Proposals in Britain. In: T Wong, B Yuen (eds.) Eco-city Planning-Policies, Pract and Design, 113-130. Dordrecht: Springer. |
[54] | Meppem T, Bourke S (1999) Different ways of knowing: a communicative turn toward sustainability. Ecol Econ 30: 389-404. doi: 10.1016/S0921-8009(99)00053-1 |
[55] | Lee KN (2006) Urban sustainability and the limits of classical environmentalism. Environ Urban 18: 9-22. doi: 10.1177/0956247806063940 |
[56] | Birch E, Wachter S (2008) Growing greener cities: Urban sustainability in the twenty-first century. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. |
[57] | Leff E (1993) Marxism and the environmental question: From the critical theory of production to an environmental rationality for sustainable development. Capital Nat Social 4: 44-66. doi: 10.1080/10455759309358531 |
[58] | Scott AJ (1997) The cultural economy of cities. London: Sage. |
[59] | Friedmann H (2005) From colonialism to green capitalism: Social movements and the emergence of food regimes. Res Rural Sociol Dev 11: 227-264. |
[60] | Bakker K (2005) Market Environmentalism in Water Supply in England and Wales. Ann Assoc Am Geogr 95: 542-565. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8306.2005.00474.x |
[61] | Gibbs D, Jonas, A (2000) Governance and regulation in local environmental policy: The utility of a regime approach. Geoforum 34: 299-313. doi: 10.1016/S0016-7185(99)00052-4 |
[62] | Kovacs ZI, LeRoy CJ, Fischer DG, et al. (2006) How do Aesthetics Affect our Ecology. J Ecol Anthropol 10: 61-65. doi: 10.5038/2162-4593.10.1.5 |
[63] | Svensson K, Eliasson I (2002) Diurnal air temperatures in built-up areas in relation to urban planning. Landsc Urban Plan 61: 37-54. doi: 10.1016/S0169-2046(02)00076-2 |
[64] | Arnfield AJ (2003) Two decades of urban climate research: a review of turbulence, exchanges of energy and water, and the urban heat island. Int J Climatol 23: 1-26. doi: 10.1002/joc.859 |
[65] | Oke TR (1987) Boundary Layer Climates, 2nd edition. New York: Methuen. |
[66] | Tan J, Zheng Y, Tang X, et al. (2010) The urban heat island and its impact on heat waves and human health in Shanghai. Int J Biometeorol 54: 75-84. doi: 10.1007/s00484-009-0256-x |
[67] | Newman PWG (1999) Sustainability and cities: extending the metabolism model. Landsc Urban Plan 44: 219-226. doi: 10.1016/S0169-2046(99)00009-2 |
[68] | Durkheim E (1972) Emile Durkheim: selected writings. Sydney: Cambridge University Press. |
[69] | United Nations, City planning will determine pace of global warming. United Nations, 2007. Available from: http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2007/gaef3190.doc.htm. |
[70] | Parker JH (1983) Landscaping to reduce the energy used in cooling buildings. J Forest 81: 82-105. |
[71] | Nowak DJ, Crane DE (2002) Carbon storage and sequestration by urban trees in the USA. Enviro Pollut 116: 381-389. doi: 10.1016/S0269-7491(01)00214-7 |
[72] | Chua BH (1998) World cities, globalisation and the spread of consumerism: a view from Singapore. Urban Stud 35: 981-1000. doi: 10.1080/0042098984646 |
[73] | Hurrell A, Sengupta S (2012) Emerging powers, North-South relations and global climate politics. Int Affair 88: 463-484. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2346.2012.01084.x |
[74] | Norman J, MacLean HL, Kennedy CA (2006) Comparing high and low residential density: life-cycle analysis of energy use and greenhouse gas emissions. J Urban Plan Dev 132: 10-21. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9488(2006)132:1(10) |
[75] | Jaffe AB, Newell RG, Stavins RN (2005) A tale of two market failures: Technology and environmental policy. Ecol Econ 54: 164-174. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2004.12.027 |
[76] | Thorpe A, Graham K (2009) Green buildings-are codes, standards and targets sufficient drivers of sustainability in New South Wales? Environ Plan Law J 26: 486-497. |
[77] | Wolf D, Lundholm JT (2008). Water uptake in green roof microcosms: Effects of plant species and water availability. Ecol Eng 33: 179-186. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2008.02.008 |
[78] | Barnes K, Morgan J, Roberge M (2001) Impervious surfaces and the quality of natural built environments. Baltimore: Department of Geography and Environmental Planning. |
[79] | Bowler DE, Buyung-Ali L, Knight TM, et al. (2010) Urban greening to cool towns and cities: A systematic review of the empirical evidence. Landsc Urban Plan 97: 147-155. doi: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2010.05.006 |
[80] | Dunnett N, Kingsbury N (2004). Planting green roofs and living walls, Vol. 254. Portland, OR: Timber Press. |
[81] | Francis RA, Lorimer J (2011) Urban reconciliation ecology: the potential of living roofs and walls. J Environ Manag 92: 1429-1437. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.01.012 |
[82] | Saiz S, Kennedy C, Bass B, et al. (2006) Comparative life cycle assessment of standard and green roofs. Environ Sci Technol 40: 4312-4316. doi: 10.1021/es0517522 |
[83] | Ottelé M, van Bohemen HD, Fraaij AL (2010) Quantifying the deposition of particulate matter on climber vegetation on living walls. Ecol Eng 36: 154-162. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2009.02.007 |
[84] | Ford LR (1992) Reading the skylines of American cities. Geogr Rev 82: 180-200. doi: 10.2307/215431 |
[85] | Sudhira HS, Ramachandra TV, Jagadish KS (2004). Urban sprawl: metrics, dynamics and modelling using GIS. Int Appl Earth Obs Geoinf 5: 29-39. doi: 10.1016/j.jag.2003.08.002 |
[86] | Pincetl S (2010) Implementing municipal tree planting: Los Angeles million-tree initiative. Environ Manag 45: 227-238. doi: 10.1007/s00267-009-9412-7 |
[87] | Pacey A (1983) The Cult of Tech. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. |
[88] | Sklair L (2010) Iconic Architecture and the Culture-ideology of Consumerism. Theor Cult Soc 27: 135-159. doi: 10.1177/0263276410374634 |
[89] | Jackson T (2005) Live Better by Consuming Less? Is There a ‘Double Dividend’ in Sustainable Consumption. J Ind Ecol 9: 19-36. doi: 10.1162/108819805775247873 |
[90] | Cluley R, Dunne S (2012) From commodity fetishism to commodity narcissism. Mark Theor 12: 251-265. doi: 10.1177/1470593112451395 |
[91] | Kumar M, Kumar P (2008) Valuation of the ecosystem services: A psycho-cultural perspective. Ecol Econ 64: 808-819. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.05.008 |
[92] | Gupta S, Ogden D (2006). The attitude-behavior gap in environmental consumerism. APUBEF Proc 3: 199-206. |
[93] | Sanne C (2002) Willing consumers-of locked in? Policies for a sustainable consumption. Ecol Econ 42: 273-287. |
[94] | Skollerhorn E (1998) Habermas and Nature: The Theory of Communicative Action for Studying Environmental Policy. J Environ Plan Manag 41: 555-573. doi: 10.1080/09640569811452 |
[95] | Hackworth J (2002) Postrecession gentrification in New York City. Urban Affair Rev 37: 815-843. doi: 10.1177/107874037006003 |
[96] | LeGates RT, Hartman C (1986) The anatomy of displacement in the United States. In: N Smith, P Williams (eds.) Gentrification of the City, 178-199. Boston: Allen & Unwin. |
[97] | Zizek S (2010) Living in the End Times. London: Verso Books. |
[98] | Mapes J, Wolch J (2011) ‘Living Green’: The promise and pitfalls of new sustainable communities. J Urban Design 16: 105-126. doi: 10.1080/13574809.2011.521012 |
[99] | Gray M (2002) Urban Surveillance and Panopticism: will we recognize the facial recognition society. Surveill Soc 1: 314-330. |