Odor detection threshold (ODT) and odor rejection threshold (ORT) determination of sotolon in Madeira wine: A preliminary study

João M. Gaspar; Vanda Pereira; and José C. Marques; João M. Gaspar; Vanda Pereira; and José C. Marques

doi:10.3934/agrfood.2018.3.172

AIMS Agriculture and Food

2018, Volume 3, Issue 3: 172-180. doi: 10.3934/agrfood.2018.3.172

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Odor detection threshold (ODT) and odor rejection threshold (ORT) determination of sotolon in Madeira wine: A preliminary study

1.
Faculty of Exact Sciences and Engineering, University of Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
2.
Institute of Nanostructures, Nanomodelling and Nanofabrication (I3N), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal

Received: 02 May 2018 Accepted: 03 July 2018 Published: 06 July 2018

Madeira is a fortified wine, well renowned worldwide. It is during the aging process that its characteristic bouquet is developed, through the formation of specific aromas. Sotolon (3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-2(5H)-furanone) is frequently pointed out as one of the molecules responsible for the aroma of the finest Madeiras. The present work serves as a preliminary insight on the sensorial impact of this compound in Madeira wine. The odor detection threshold of sotolon in a sweet-type Madeira was obtained by the 3-Alternative Forced Choice method. The estimated threshold value was obtained by 19 non-trained and non-expert panelists, within the spiked range 4–314 µg/L. An odor threshold of 112 µg/L was obtained using a 3-year-old Madeira with 6.3 ± 0.4 µg/L endogenous sotolon. This result is about 6-fold higher than those previously reported for other fortified wines. A Paired Preference test was chosen to determine the concentration at which the panelists would reject the wine spiked with sotolon. Nineteen panelists assessed a series of spiked concentrations ranging from 253–3464 µg/L. Within this range, it is not possible to define the concentration value from which the aroma of sotolon it is no longer pleasant. Thus, an odor rejection threshold could not be obtained. Indeed, the study also suggests that sotolon does not become unpleasant at higher concentrations.
- fortified wine,
- wine key-aromas,
- sensory analysis,
- 3-alternative forced choice,
- paired preference test
Citation: João M. Gaspar, Vanda Pereira, and José C. Marques. Odor detection threshold (ODT) and odor rejection threshold (ORT) determination of sotolon in Madeira wine: A preliminary study[J]. AIMS Agriculture and Food, 2018, 3(3): 172-180. doi: 10.3934/agrfood.2018.3.172

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Abstract

Madeira is a fortified wine, well renowned worldwide. It is during the aging process that its characteristic bouquet is developed, through the formation of specific aromas. Sotolon (3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-2(5H)-furanone) is frequently pointed out as one of the molecules responsible for the aroma of the finest Madeiras. The present work serves as a preliminary insight on the sensorial impact of this compound in Madeira wine. The odor detection threshold of sotolon in a sweet-type Madeira was obtained by the 3-Alternative Forced Choice method. The estimated threshold value was obtained by 19 non-trained and non-expert panelists, within the spiked range 4–314 µg/L. An odor threshold of 112 µg/L was obtained using a 3-year-old Madeira with 6.3 ± 0.4 µg/L endogenous sotolon. This result is about 6-fold higher than those previously reported for other fortified wines. A Paired Preference test was chosen to determine the concentration at which the panelists would reject the wine spiked with sotolon. Nineteen panelists assessed a series of spiked concentrations ranging from 253–3464 µg/L. Within this range, it is not possible to define the concentration value from which the aroma of sotolon it is no longer pleasant. Thus, an odor rejection threshold could not be obtained. Indeed, the study also suggests that sotolon does not become unpleasant at higher concentrations.

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