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    <head>
        <doi_batch_id>17</doi_batch_id>
        <timestamp>20180819205010</timestamp>
        <depositor>
            <name>Susan</name>
            <email_address>journal@aimsciences.org</email_address>
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        <registrant>American Institute of Mathematical Sciences</registrant>
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    <!-->2.主体<-->
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    <!-->AIMS Cell and Tissue Engineering<-->
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                    <year>2017</year>
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                <issue>3</issue>
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                        <journal_article>
	            	            <titles>
                    <title><![CDATA[Manipulating the Plasticity of Smooth Muscle Cells to Regulate Vascular Calcification]]></title>
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	                            <contributors>
                                </contributors>
                <publication_date media_type="print">
                    <month></month>
                    <year>2017</year>
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                <pages>
                    <first_page>165</first_page>
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                    <doi>10.3934/celltissue.2017.3.165</doi>
                    <timestamp>2017-06-23 12:00:00.0</timestamp>
					<resource>http://www.aimsciences.org/article/id/1713</resource>
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                <keywords language="en"></keywords>
				<abstract language="en"><![CDATA[Cardiovascular complications are one of the leading causes of death in patients with kidney disease or diabetes. Vascular calcification (VC) was once considered a passive process resulting from elevated calcium-phosphate interactions, but is now considered an active cell-mediated process. VC can affect quality of life because healthy arteries harden analogously to bone development leading to hypertension and compromised structural integrity. Based on previous literature, the <em>in vitro</em> model was developed by culturing human primary aortic smooth muscle cells with 3-mmol inorganic phosphate (Pi) and sodium to induce calcification. The <em>in vitro</em> model was then used to prompt VC and promote the genetic switching from healthy smooth muscle cells to osteoblast-like cells through manipulation of the cells’ plasticity. The <em>in vitro</em> model examined the Wnt signaling pathway in VC and Sclerostin’s ability to block activation of the pathway. Atomic absorption spectroscopy, Western blot, and Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis revealed that the model was capable of inducing VC, up-regulating the osteogenic differentiation markers runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), and down-regulating α-smooth muscle actin activity. Under the same methods, it was revealed that Sclerostin was capable of recovering α-smooth muscle actin activity in calcification media and able to down-regulate the osteogenic differentiation marker Runx2. This study proved the effectiveness of the <em>in vitro</em> model to induce calcification of healthy vascular smooth muscle cells and Sclerostin’s ability to be used as a potential therapeutic target for VC.]]></abstract>
			</journal_article>
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                    <doi>10.3934/celltissue.2017.3.180</doi>
                    <timestamp>2017-08-13 12:00:00.0</timestamp>
					<resource>http://www.aimsciences.org/article/id/1700</resource>
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				<abstract language="en"><![CDATA[Parkinson’s disease, type 1 diabetes, and coronary artery disease are some of the few difficult diseases to control. As a result, there has been pressure in the scientific community to develop new technologies and techniques that can treat, or ultimately cure these life-threatening diseases. One such scientific advancement in bridging the gap is the use of stem cell therapy. In recent years, stem cell therapy has gained the spotlight in becoming a possible intervention for combating chronic diseases due to their unique ability to differentiate into almost any cell line. More precisely, embryonic stem cell therapy may hold the potential for becoming the ideal treatment for a multitude of diseases as embryonic stem cells are not limited in their ability to differentiate like their counterpart adult stem cells. Although there has been controversy around the usage of embryonic stem cells, there has been found a great deal of potential within the usage of these cells to treat a multitude of life-threatening diseases. In this article, we will break down the categories of diseases in which embryonic stem cell therapy can be applied into: autoimmune, neurological, and cardiovascular with three diseases relating to each category. Our aim is to provide a comprehensive review on the advantages of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) that can solve current obstacles and push advances towards stem cell therapies in the field for the most common diseases.]]></abstract>
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                    <timestamp>2017-10-04 12:00:00.0</timestamp>
					<resource>http://www.aimsciences.org/article/id/1801</resource>
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				<abstract language="en"><![CDATA[Parkinson’s disease, type 1 diabetes, and coronary artery disease are some of the few difficult diseases to control. As a result, there has been pressure in the scientific community to develop new technologies and techniques that can treat, or ultimately cure these life-threatening diseases. One such scientific advancement in bridging the gap is the use of stem cell therapy. In recent years, stem cell therapy has gained the spotlight in becoming a possible intervention for combating chronic diseases due to their unique ability to differentiate into almost any cell line. More precisely, embryonic stem cell therapy may hold the potential for becoming the ideal treatment for a multitude of diseases as embryonic stem cells are not limited in their ability to differentiate like their counterpart adult stem cells. Although there has been controversy around the usage of embryonic stem cells, there has been found a great deal of potential within the usage of these cells to treat a multitude of life-threatening diseases. In this article, we will break down the categories of diseases in which embryonic stem cell therapy can be applied into: autoimmune, neurological, and cardiovascular with three diseases relating to each category. Our aim is to provide a comprehensive review on the advantages of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) that can solve current obstacles and push advances towards stem cell therapies in the field for the most common diseases.]]></abstract>
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                    <timestamp>2017-10-02 12:00:00.0</timestamp>
					<resource>http://www.aimsciences.org/article/id/1808</resource>
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				<abstract language="en"><![CDATA[Autologous fat grafting has now been extensively and successfully performed for more than two decades. Although most adipose grafts and adipose-derived MSC therapies are done with fresh tissue, cryopreservation of tissue allows much greater flexibility of use. Over the course of five years, 194 cryopreserved adipose samples were thawed and returned to the collecting physician for subsequent autologous applications. Samples were stored with a mean cryogenic storage time of 9.5 months with some samples being stored as long as 44 months. The volumes of tissue stored varied from 12 cc to as large as 960 cc. Upon thaw the volume of recovered whole adipose tissue averaged 67% of the original amount stored. The recovery ranged from a low of 21% (n = 1) to a high of 100% (n = 1). Recovery was not found to be a function of collection volume, amount of tissue thawed, or length of time in cryopreservation. No association was found between tissue recovery and patient age. Viability of thawed cells remained high with a mean value of 91%. While an average recovery of 67% of volume frozen indicates that the use of banked and thawed tissue requires a larger amount of sample be taken from the patient initially, this requirement is easily accomplished by an experienced clinician. As cryopreservation of adipose tissue becomes more commonplace physicians will find it helpful to know the amount and quality of tissue that will be available after thawing procedures.]]></abstract>
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