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Journal of Industrial and Management Optimization

2026, Volume 22, Issue 1: 528-553. doi: 10.3934/jimo.2026020
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Research article

Tripartite evolutionary game analysis of cold chain logistics enterprises, NEV manufacturers, and government under dual-policy interventions

  • 1.
    Department of Transportation Management, Zhengzhou Railway Vocational & Technical College, Pengcheng Avenue 56, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 451460, China
  • 2.
    Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou Railway Vocational & Technical College, Pengcheng Avenue 56, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 451460, China
  • Published: 16 December 2025

  • Primary: 90B06; Secondary: 91A35

  • Cold chain logistics is an important source of carbon emissions, yet high investment costs often weaken enterprises' motivation for low-carbon transformation. This study constructs an evolutionary game model involving the government, cold chain logistics enterprises (CCLEs), and new energy vehicle manufacturers (NEVMs) under policy intervention. Using parameter values derived from industry statistics, we employed numerical simulations to analyze the stability of stakeholders' strategies and the system's equilibrium points. The results revealed that stakeholders' decisions are mutually dependent, while carbon tax penalties and environmental external costs serve as key drivers of low-carbon innovation. In particular, government subsidies can effectively accelerate NEV adoption, but excessive reliance on subsidies without penalties may hinder long-term stability. These findings provide managerial insights for designing balanced subsidy–penalty mechanisms in the cold chain logistics sector.

    Citation: Jiawen Zhang, Changhong Zou, Hailong Li. Tripartite evolutionary game analysis of cold chain logistics enterprises, NEV manufacturers, and government under dual-policy interventions[J]. Journal of Industrial and Management Optimization, 2026, 22(1): 528-553. doi: 10.3934/jimo.2026020

    Related Papers:

  • Cold chain logistics is an important source of carbon emissions, yet high investment costs often weaken enterprises' motivation for low-carbon transformation. This study constructs an evolutionary game model involving the government, cold chain logistics enterprises (CCLEs), and new energy vehicle manufacturers (NEVMs) under policy intervention. Using parameter values derived from industry statistics, we employed numerical simulations to analyze the stability of stakeholders' strategies and the system's equilibrium points. The results revealed that stakeholders' decisions are mutually dependent, while carbon tax penalties and environmental external costs serve as key drivers of low-carbon innovation. In particular, government subsidies can effectively accelerate NEV adoption, but excessive reliance on subsidies without penalties may hinder long-term stability. These findings provide managerial insights for designing balanced subsidy–penalty mechanisms in the cold chain logistics sector.



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