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Determining the density of metals based on their atomic construction using the theoretical model

  • Received: 13 April 2019 Accepted: 05 July 2019 Published: 22 August 2019
  • The article is a discussion and analysis of research related to the development of a theoretical model for the determination of physical properties of metals, as well as common semimetals and non-metals occurring in the form of a solid under normal conditions. This is the basis for further consideration in this direction because the presented discourse is limited to the analysis of pure elements. The innovation of the presented approach is an attempt to use only information on the physical atomic structure of elements in relation to their physical properties. The article attempts to link one of the basic physical properties that are the density of metal with its atomic structure. The study involved 75 different chemical elements. The theoretical calculation results determined by means of the presented model remain in correlation with experimental values for 61 chemical elements, not exceeding the calculation error of 6%. This can be considered a satisfactory result of the model in comparison with other models, for example, to determine viscosity, whose differences in computational results, often very much different from experimental values, as well as were directed to a narrow group of materials tested. In addition, other models are often semi-empirical, where in comparison with the theoretical model based only on the atomic structure puts it in a very interesting light.

    Citation: Szymon Biernat, Adam Wojciech Bydałek. Determining the density of metals based on their atomic construction using the theoretical model[J]. AIMS Materials Science, 2019, 6(5): 748-755. doi: 10.3934/matersci.2019.5.748

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  • The article is a discussion and analysis of research related to the development of a theoretical model for the determination of physical properties of metals, as well as common semimetals and non-metals occurring in the form of a solid under normal conditions. This is the basis for further consideration in this direction because the presented discourse is limited to the analysis of pure elements. The innovation of the presented approach is an attempt to use only information on the physical atomic structure of elements in relation to their physical properties. The article attempts to link one of the basic physical properties that are the density of metal with its atomic structure. The study involved 75 different chemical elements. The theoretical calculation results determined by means of the presented model remain in correlation with experimental values for 61 chemical elements, not exceeding the calculation error of 6%. This can be considered a satisfactory result of the model in comparison with other models, for example, to determine viscosity, whose differences in computational results, often very much different from experimental values, as well as were directed to a narrow group of materials tested. In addition, other models are often semi-empirical, where in comparison with the theoretical model based only on the atomic structure puts it in a very interesting light.


    Numerical investigation and improvement of the aerodynamic performance of a modified elliptical-bladed Savonius-style wind turbine. By Sri Kurniati, Sudirman Syam and Arifin Sanusi. AIMS Energy, 2023, Volume 11, Issue 6: 1211–1230. Doi: 10.3934/energy.2023055

    The authors would like to make the following corrections to the published paper [1].

    On page 1213, we updated the contents of "one symbol statement: ρ" in section 2. The updated contents are as follows:

    - ρ is the the density of air,

    On page 1215, we updated the contents of "Eq 16" in section 2. The updated contents are as follows:

    ϕϕt+(V)(ΓV)=R (16)

    On page 1216, we updated the contents of "Table 2" in section 2. The updated contents are as follows:

    Table 2.  The terms in the general transfer equation Eq 16.
    ϕt+(V)(ΓV)=R(16)
    l Γ
    1 U vt 1ρρx+x(vtux)+y(vtvx)+z(vtwx)+gx
    2 V vt 1ρρy+x(vtuy)+y(vtvy)+z(vtwy)+gy
    3 W vt 1ρρz+x(vtuz)+y(vtvz)+z(vtwz)+gz
    4 1 0 0
    5 K vt/ Gε
    6 ε vt/ C1εkGc2εkε

     | Show Table
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    All authors declare no conflicts of interest in this paper.



    [1] Bydałek AW (1998) Slag Carbon Dioxide Systems in the Melting Processes of Copper and its Alloys, Zielona Góra: Politechniki Zielonogórskiej, 186.
    [2] Głowacka M (1996) Metallography, Gdańsk: Politechnika Gdańska, 383.
    [3] Kisza A, Urbanowicz J (1981) A method of purifying metals to high purity. PL Patent 106967 B1.
    [4] Herszkiewicz A, Krasoń Z, Kuniewicz M, et al. (2000) A method of recovering palladium and platinum in the form of compounds of high purity of these metals from post-production materials containing activated carbon in the form of a paste. PL Patent 189680 B1.
    [5] Han C (2017) Viscosity studies of high-temperature metallurgical slags relevant to ironmakingprocess [PhD's thesis]. The University of Queensland, Australia.
    [6] Yakymovych A, Sklyarchuk V, Plevachuk Yu, et al. (2016) Viscosity and electrical conductivity of the liquid Sn-3.8Ag-0.7Cu alloy with minor Co admixtures. J Mater Eng Perform 25: 4437–4443.
    [7] Gąsior W (2014) Viscosity modeling of binary alloys: comparative studies. Calphad 44: 119–128. doi: 10.1016/j.calphad.2013.10.007
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