Performance of Zn/Graphite rechargeable cells with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate based gel polymer electrolyte

W. Prasadini; Kumudu S. Perera; Kamal P. Vidanapathirana; W. Prasadini; Kumudu S. Perera; Kamal P. Vidanapathirana

doi:10.3934/energy.2018.4.566

AIMS Energy

2018, Volume 6, Issue 4: 566-575. doi: 10.3934/energy.2018.4.566

Previous Article Next Article

Research article

Performance of Zn/Graphite rechargeable cells with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate based gel polymer electrolyte

Polymer Electronics Research Laboratory, Department of Electronics, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, Kuliyapitiya, Sri Lanka

Received: 22 May 2018 Accepted: 30 July 2018 Published: 03 August 2018

There is an urgent need to fulfill the global thirst for energy in an efficient and safer way. Since long ago, Li based devices have been employed to cover up the high rising energy demand in the society. But, upon the realization of the hazardous nature and the cost of Li, a substantial attention has been focused on exploiting ecofriendly and naturally abundant materials to be employed for fabricating devices such as rechargeable cells, fuel cells, solar cells and super capacitors. Main aim of this study is to design a low cost, environmental friendly, rechargeable cell. Hence, attempts have been taken to use non Li based electrodes and a gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) with no solvents. The cell consists with natural graphite and Zn electrodes and an ionic liquid (IL) based GPE. ILs are the most recently introduced substitute for solvents in GPEs which possess some attractive features. For the preparation of the GPE, poly(vinylidinefluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVdF-co-HFP), zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate (Zn(CF₃SO₃)₂ and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate (1E3MITF) were used as the polymer, the salt and the ionic liquid (IL) respectively. Configuration of the fabricated cell was Zn/IL based GPE/graphite. Cells had an average open circuit voltage (OCV) value of 1.10 V. Variation of OCV with time was quite low. Cells were characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV) as well as continuous galvanostatic charge discharge (GCD) test. Properties of the bulk electrolyte as well as electrode/electrolyte interface were rather stable. Average specific charge was remaining around 4 mAhg^–1. Discharge capacity was varying around 2 mAhg^–1. These results reflect the possibility of using this cell for applications with some further modifications to increase the performance.
Citation: W. Prasadini, Kumudu S. Perera, Kamal P. Vidanapathirana. Performance of Zn/Graphite rechargeable cells with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate based gel polymer electrolyte[J]. AIMS Energy, 2018, 6(4): 566-575. doi: 10.3934/energy.2018.4.566

Related Papers:

Abstract

There is an urgent need to fulfill the global thirst for energy in an efficient and safer way. Since long ago, Li based devices have been employed to cover up the high rising energy demand in the society. But, upon the realization of the hazardous nature and the cost of Li, a substantial attention has been focused on exploiting ecofriendly and naturally abundant materials to be employed for fabricating devices such as rechargeable cells, fuel cells, solar cells and super capacitors. Main aim of this study is to design a low cost, environmental friendly, rechargeable cell. Hence, attempts have been taken to use non Li based electrodes and a gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) with no solvents. The cell consists with natural graphite and Zn electrodes and an ionic liquid (IL) based GPE. ILs are the most recently introduced substitute for solvents in GPEs which possess some attractive features. For the preparation of the GPE, poly(vinylidinefluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVdF-co-HFP), zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate (Zn(CF₃SO₃)₂ and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate (1E3MITF) were used as the polymer, the salt and the ionic liquid (IL) respectively. Configuration of the fabricated cell was Zn/IL based GPE/graphite. Cells had an average open circuit voltage (OCV) value of 1.10 V. Variation of OCV with time was quite low. Cells were characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV) as well as continuous galvanostatic charge discharge (GCD) test. Properties of the bulk electrolyte as well as electrode/electrolyte interface were rather stable. Average specific charge was remaining around 4 mAhg^–1. Discharge capacity was varying around 2 mAhg^–1. These results reflect the possibility of using this cell for applications with some further modifications to increase the performance.

References

[1]	Agrawal RC, Sahu DK (2013) Magnesium ion conducting polymer electrolytes: Materials characterization and all solid state battery performance studies. J Phys Sci Appl 3: 9–17.
[2]	Osman Z, Samin SM, Othman L, et al. (2012) Ionic transport in PMMA-NaCF₃SO₃gel polymer electrolytes. Adv Mat Res 545: 259–163.
[3]	Tian H, Gao T, Li X, et al. (2017) High power rechargeable Mg/Iodine battery chemistry. Nat Commun 14083–14090.
[4]	Lin MC, Gong M, Lu B (2015) An ultrafast rechargeable Al-Ion battery. Nature 520: 325–328.
[5]	Jayathilaka YMCD, Perera KS, Vidanapathirana KP, et al. (2015) Evaluation of a copper based gel polymer electrolyte and its performance in a primary cell. Sri Lankan J Phys 15: 45–51. doi: 10.4038/sljp.v15i0.6686
[6]	Kravchyk KV, Wang S, Piveteau L, et al. (2017) Efficient aluminum chloride-natural graphite battery. Chem Mater 29: 4484–4492. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b01060
[7]	Zhang M, Song X, Ou X, et al. (2019) Rechargeable batteries based on anion intercalation graphite cathodes. Energ Stor Mater 16: 65–84.
[8]	Jayamaha B, Dissanayake MAKL, Kandasamy V, et al. (2017) Electrochemical double layer capacitors with PEO and Sri Lankan natural graphite. Adv Ener Res 5: 219–226.
[9]	Rosdi A, Zainol NH, Osman Z (2016) Ionic transport and electrochemical stability of PVdF HFP based gel polymer electrolyte. International Symposium on Frontier of Applied Physics. AIP Publishing LLC, 563–572.
[10]	Sekhon SS (2003) Conductivity behaviour of polymer gel electrolytes: Role of polymer. B Mater Sci 2613: 321–328.
[11]	Kumar GG, Sampath S (2003) Electrochemical characterization of poly(vinylidenefluoride)-zinc triflate gel polymer electrolyte and its application in solid-state zinc batteries. Solid State Ionics 160: 289–300. doi: 10.1016/S0167-2738(03)00209-1
[12]	Liu Z, Abedin SZE, Endres F (2014) Electrodeposition and stripping of zinc from an ionic liquid polymer gel electrolyte for rechargeable zinc-based batteries. J Solid State Electr 2691.
[13]	Dileo RA, Marschilok AC, Takeuchi KJ, et al. (2013) Battery electrolytes based on unsaturated ring ionic liquids: conductivity and electrochemical stability. J Electrochem Soc 160: A1399–A1405. doi: 10.1149/2.045309jes
[14]	Armand M, Endres F, Macfarlane DR, et al. (2009) Ionic-liquid materials for the electrochemical challenges of the future. Nat Mater 8: 621–629. doi: 10.1038/nmat2448
[15]	Liu Z, Li G, Cui T, et al. (2017) A battery supercapacitor hybrid device composed of metallic zinc, a biodegradable ionic liquid electrolyte and graphite. J Solid State Electr 22: 1–11.
[16]	Zhang R, Chen Y, Montazami R (2015) Ionic liquid doped gel polymer electrolyte for flexible lithium ion polymer batteries. Materials 8: 2735–2748. doi: 10.3390/ma8052735
[17]	Yap SC, Mohamad AA (2007) Proton batteries with hydroponics gel as gel polymer electrolyte. Electrochem Solid State Lett 10: 139–141.
[18]	Vidanapathirana KP, Perera K (2014) Performance variation of Li rechargeable cells having polypyrrole cathodes doped with different anions. J Natl Sci Found Sri 42: 143–147.
[19]	Liu W, Zhang XK, Wu F, et al. (2017) A study no PVDF-HFP gel polymer electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries. IOP Conf Ser: Mater Sci Eng 213: 012–036.
[20]	Larfaillou S, Guy-Bouyssou D, Cras FL, et al. (2016) Comprehensive characterization of all-solid-state thin films commercial microbatteries by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. J Power Sources 319: 139–146. doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.04.057
[21]	Kim DW, Noh KA, Min HS, et al. (2002) Porous polyacrylonitrile membrane for lithium-ion cells. Electrochem Solid State Lett 5: 63–66. doi: 10.1149/1.1452483

Reader Comments

Your name:*

Email:*
© 2018 the Author(s), licensee AIMS Press. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)