Effects of probiotics on gut microbiota in poultry

Shanpeng Zhang; Mengjie Yu; Tianqiao Zhao; Yuxuan Geng; Zitong Liu; Xinglin Zhang; Lumin Yu; Shanpeng Zhang; Mengjie Yu; Tianqiao Zhao; Yuxuan Geng; Zitong Liu; Xinglin Zhang; Lumin Yu

doi:10.3934/microbiol.2025032

AIMS Microbiology

2025, Volume 11, Issue 3: 754-768. doi: 10.3934/microbiol.2025032

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Effects of probiotics on gut microbiota in poultry

College of Agriculture and Forestry, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong 276005, China

Received: 29 July 2025 Revised: 24 August 2025 Accepted: 29 August 2025 Published: 02 September 2025

Probiotics are living microbes that impart overall health benefits when introduced appropriately. They play important roles in enhancing immunity, inhibiting harmful bacteria, balancing the gut microbiota, and increasing poultry growth performance. In this manuscript, we address the classifications of probiotics, the compositions and functions of the gut microbiota in poultry, and examine the connection between probiotics and the gut microbiota and their roles in promoting the poultry growth. Probiotics are widely used in poultry production, including Lactobacillus, Bacillus, Bifidobacterium, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and Clostridium, which can exert beneficial effects through various mechanisms, such as increasing the abundance and diversity of the gut microbiota, promoting the secretion of digestive enzymes and antimicrobial substances, optimizing immune microenvironment homeostasis, and enhancing the intestinal barrier. Furthermore, new probiotic products are emerging in poultry production, including prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics. Other novel approaches are used in poultry production to improve their growth and immune performances and inherit beneficial microbial communities, including the integration of probiotics with gut health-promoting agents and the genetic selection of microbiota. The paper demonstrates the potential of probiotics as effective alternatives of antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) for the promotion of growth performance and intestinal health in poultry production.
- probiotics,
- gut microbiota,
- poultry,
- intestinal health,
- growth performance
Citation: Shanpeng Zhang, Mengjie Yu, Tianqiao Zhao, Yuxuan Geng, Zitong Liu, Xinglin Zhang, Lumin Yu. Effects of probiotics on gut microbiota in poultry[J]. AIMS Microbiology, 2025, 11(3): 754-768. doi: 10.3934/microbiol.2025032

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Abstract

Probiotics are living microbes that impart overall health benefits when introduced appropriately. They play important roles in enhancing immunity, inhibiting harmful bacteria, balancing the gut microbiota, and increasing poultry growth performance. In this manuscript, we address the classifications of probiotics, the compositions and functions of the gut microbiota in poultry, and examine the connection between probiotics and the gut microbiota and their roles in promoting the poultry growth. Probiotics are widely used in poultry production, including Lactobacillus, Bacillus, Bifidobacterium, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and Clostridium, which can exert beneficial effects through various mechanisms, such as increasing the abundance and diversity of the gut microbiota, promoting the secretion of digestive enzymes and antimicrobial substances, optimizing immune microenvironment homeostasis, and enhancing the intestinal barrier. Furthermore, new probiotic products are emerging in poultry production, including prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics. Other novel approaches are used in poultry production to improve their growth and immune performances and inherit beneficial microbial communities, including the integration of probiotics with gut health-promoting agents and the genetic selection of microbiota. The paper demonstrates the potential of probiotics as effective alternatives of antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) for the promotion of growth performance and intestinal health in poultry production.

Author contributions

Shanpeng Zhang: Writing-original draft; literature search; table and figure preparation. Mengjie Yu, Tianqiao Zhao, Yuxuan Geng: Literature search; table and figure preparation. Zitong Liu: Literature search. Xinglin Zhang: Conceptualization; supervision. Lumin Yu: Conceptualization; writing-original draft; writing-review and editing; supervision.

Data availability statement

The findings supporting this research are expected to be made available upon the author's inquiry.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Number 32202810), and the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China (Grant Number ZR2022QC115).

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