Mechano-biological model of glioblastoma cells in response to osmotic stress

Giulia Pozzi; Stefano Marchesi; Giorgio Scita; Davide Ambrosi; Pasquale Ciarletta; Giulia Pozzi; Stefano Marchesi; Giorgio Scita; Davide Ambrosi; Pasquale Ciarletta

doi:10.3934/mbe.2019139

Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering

2019, Volume 16, Issue 4: 2795-2810. doi: 10.3934/mbe.2019139

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Mechano-biological model of glioblastoma cells in response to osmotic stress

1.
MOX Laboratory, Department of Mathematics, Politecnico di Milano, Italy
2.
IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
3.
Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
4.
DISMA, Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche ”G.L. Lagrange”, Politecnico di Torino, Italy

Received: 29 December 2018 Accepted: 05 March 2019 Published: 01 April 2019

This work investigates the mechano-biological features of cells cultured in monolayers in response to different osmotic conditions. In-vitro experiments have been performed to quantify the long-term effects of prolonged osmotic stresses on the morphology and proliferation capacity of glioblastoma cells. The experimental results highlight that both hypotonic and hypertonic conditions affect the proliferative rate of glioblastoma cells on different cell cycle phases. Moreover, glioblastoma cells in hypertonic conditions display a flattened and elongated shape. The latter effect is explained using a nonlinear elastic model for the single cell. Due to a crossover between the free energy contributions related to the cytosol and the cytoskeletal fibers, a critical osmotic stress determines a morphological transition from a uniformly compressed to an elongated shape.

Keywords:

Citation: Giulia Pozzi, Stefano Marchesi, Giorgio Scita, Davide Ambrosi, Pasquale Ciarletta. Mechano-biological model of glioblastoma cells in response to osmotic stress[J]. Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering, 2019, 16(4): 2795-2810. doi: 10.3934/mbe.2019139

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Abstract

Environmental degradation and climate change exacerbate the challenges humanity faces. Coping with climate change, controlling environmental pollution and promoting harmonious coexistence between man and nature have become the core issues of sustainable development of the global economy and society. The Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Agreement on Climate Change indicate a fundamental re-organization of both the financial system and the economy it serves and also imply an intensive study of the current economic and financial development model of every country. Hence, aligning finance with sustainability is subject to much research, experimentation and practice.

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Firstly, green finance research is an important means to promote the sustainable development of society, economy and ecology. Green finance is defined as comprising "all forms of investment or lending that consider environmental effect and enhance environmental sustainability" (Volz et al., 2015: 2). Sustainable investment and lending are significant aspects of green finance, considering sustainable standards, and environmental and climate risks. Besides, to align the financial system and policies with sustainable goals are also crucial for achieving a green transformation. Sustainability is without doubt a very important area of research, evidenced by its unprecedented growth in the last decade. In the field of academic research, sustainability-themed papers are becoming more and more prominent with rising awareness of challenges such as global climate change and resources shortage. With the development of the economy, the financial system and mechanism are continuously adjusted to mobilize and allocate financial resources reasonably and effectively and improve financial efficiency, so as to realize the effective operation and steady development of the economy and finance in the long run. The quantitative research of green finance can greatly promote the sustainable development of domestic and global economy and finance. The UNEP Inquiry (2015) identified five areas of emerging practice in embedding sustainable development into the financial system which are all worth studying in the near future: (ⅰ) enhancing market practice: Disclosure, analysis, risk management; (ⅱ) upgrading governance architectures: Internalizing sustainable development into financial decision-making of financial regulators and central bank; (ⅲ) encouraging cultural transformation: capacity building, behaviour, market structure; (ⅳ) harnessing the public balance sheets: Fiscal incentives, public financial institutions and central banks; (ⅴ) directing finance through policy: Requirements and prohibitions, enhanced liability.

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