Synthesis and properties of SiNx coatings as stable fluorescent markers on vertically aligned carbon nanofibers

Ryan Pearce; Timothy McKnight; Kate L. Klein; Ilia N. Ivanov; Dale Hensley; Harry Meyer III; Anatoli Melechko; Ryan Pearce; Timothy McKnight; Kate L. Klein; Ilia N. Ivanov; Dale Hensley; Harry Meyer III; Anatoli Melechko

doi:10.3934/matersci.2014.2.87

AIMS Materials Science

2014, Volume 1, Issue 2: 87-102. doi: 10.3934/matersci.2014.2.87

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Special Issues

Synthesis and properties of SiNx coatings as stable fluorescent markers on vertically aligned carbon nanofibers

1.
Materials Science and Engineering Department, North Carolina State University, NC27695, USA;
2.
Measurement Sciences and Systems Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6006, USA;
3.
Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6488, USA;
4.
University of the District of Columbia, Washington, DC 20008, USA;
5.
Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA

Received: 19 February 2014 Accepted: 27 March 2014 Published: 06 April 2014

The growth of vertically aligned carbon nanofibers (VACNFs) in a catalytic dc ammonia/acetylene plasma process on silicon substrates is often accompanied by sidewall deposition of material that contains predominantly Si and N. In fluorescent microscopy experiments, whereby VACNFs are interfaced to cell and tissue cultures for a variety of applications, it was observed that this material is broadly fluorescent. In this paper, we provide insight into nature of these silicon/nitrogen in-situ coatings. We propose a potential mechanism for deposition of SiNx coating on the sidewalls of VACNFs during PECVD synthesis and explore the origin of the coating's fluorescence. It is most likely that the substrate reacts with process gases similar to reactive sputtering and chemical vapor deposition (CVD), forming silane and other silicon bearing compounds prior to isotropic deposition as a SiNx coating onto the VACNFs. The formation of Sinanoclusters (NCs) is also implicated due to a combination of strong fluorescence and elemental analysis of the samples. These broadly luminescent fibers can prove useful as registry markers in fluorescent cellular studies and for tagging and tracing applications.

Keywords:

Citation: Ryan Pearce, Timothy McKnight, Kate L. Klein, Ilia N. Ivanov, Dale Hensley, Harry Meyer III, Anatoli Melechko. Synthesis and properties of SiNx coatings as stable fluorescent markers on vertically aligned carbon nanofibers[J]. AIMS Materials Science, 2014, 1(2): 87-102. doi: 10.3934/matersci.2014.2.87

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Abstract

1. Introduction

Nonlinear evolution equations (NLEEs) play an important part in the study of nonlinear science, particular in plasma physics, quantum field theory, nonlinear wave propagation and nonlinear optical fibers so that it attracted the attention of a large number of scholars. The extended auxiliary equation technique ^[1], the Bernoulli's equation approach ^[2], the Exp-function technique ^[3], the homotopy analysis technique ^[4], the homotopy perturbation technique ^[5], the improved $ tan(\phi/2) $-expansion technique (^[6,7]), the Hirota's bilinear technique ^{[8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15]}, the He's variational principle ^[16,17], the binary Darboux transformation ^[18], the Lie group analysis ^[19,20], the Bäcklund transformation method ^[21], optimal galerkin-homotopy asymptotic method applied ^[22], and the multiple rogue waves method (^[23,24]) have been proposed to solve NLEEs. By using these approaches, various exact solutions including soliton solution, lump solution, rogue wave solution, periodic solution, interaction solution, rational solution and high-order rational solution were obtained (^[25,26]).

In this paper, we mainly consider the following dynamical model, which can be used to describe some interesting (3+1)-dimensional waves of physics, namely, the generalized Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (gKP) equation ^[27]. That is

$\begin{equation} (\Psi_{t}+6\Psi\Psi_x+\Psi_{xxx})_x +a\Phi_{yy} = 0, \end{equation}$ $

(1.1)

and also above equation is integrable. Author of ^[28] introduced the modification of KP (mKP) equation ^[29] given

$\begin{equation} 4\Psi_{t}-6\Psi^2\Psi_x+\Psi_{xxx}+6\Psi_x\partial_{x}^{-1}\Psi_y +\Psi_{x}^{-1}\Phi_{yy} = 0. \end{equation}$ $

(1.2)

The generalized KP (gKP) equation has been researched by some scholars ^[30,31,32] in which is given as

$\begin{equation} (\Psi_{t}+\alpha\Psi_x +\beta\Psi\Psi_x+\gamma\Psi\Psi_{xxt})_x+\Psi_{yy} = 0. \end{equation}$ $

(1.3)

The another type of gKP equation is given in ^[33] as below

$\begin{equation} \Psi_{xxxy}+3(\Psi_x\Psi_y)_x+\Psi_{tx}+\Psi_{ty}+\Psi_{tz}-\Psi_{zz} = 0. \end{equation}$ $

(1.4)

We first present the bilinear form for Eq (1.4), by taking the following first-order logarithmic transformation

$\begin{equation} \Psi = 2(\ln f)_{x}, \end{equation}$ $

(1.5)

then, Eq (1.4) is turned into the bilinear form

$\begin{equation} \left(D_x^3 D_y+D_xD_t+D_yD_t+D_zD_t-D_z^2\right)\mathfrak{f}. \mathfrak{f} = 0, \end{equation}$ $

(1.6)

in which $ D_t, D_x, D_y $ and $ D_z $ are Hirota's bilinear frames. Cao ^[34] investigated the generalized B-type KP equation as follows

$\begin{equation} \Psi_{xxxy}+3(\Psi_x\Psi_y)_x-3\Psi_{xz}-\Psi_{ty} = 0. \end{equation}$ $

(1.7)

Guan et al. ^[35] derived a (3+1)-dimensional gKP equation in below form

$\begin{equation} \Psi_{xxxy}+3(\Psi_x \Psi_{y})_x+\alpha\Psi_{xxxz}+3\alpha(\Psi_x \Psi_{z})_x+\lambda_1\Psi_{xt}+\lambda_2\Phi_{yt}+\lambda_3\Phi_{zt}+ \omega_1\Phi_{xz} +\omega_2\Phi_{yz}+\omega_3\Phi_{zz} = 0, \end{equation}$ $

(1.8)

and some lump soliton solutions have been constructed using the Hirota bilinear method in ^[36]. Via transformation $ \Psi = 2(\ln f)_{x}, $ the bilinear form of equation (1.8) reads:

$\begin{equation} \left(D_x^3 D_y+\alpha D_x^3 D_z+\lambda_1D_xD_t+\lambda_2D_yD_t+\lambda_3D_zD_t+\omega_1D_xD_z+ \omega_2D_yD_z+\omega_3D_z^2\right)\mathfrak{f}. \mathfrak{f} = 0. \end{equation}$ $

(1.9)

Most classical test functions for solving NLPDEs by using the several particular functions can be constructed via Hirota bilinear technique. In other words, Hirota operator covers most of the classical hypothesis function method. For example, the fractional generalized CBS-BK equation ^[37], the generalized Bogoyavlensky-Konopelchenko equation ^[38], the (2+1)-dimensional asymmetrical Nizhnik-Novikov-Veselov equation ^[39], and the (2+1)-dimensional generalized variable-coefficient KP-Burgers-type equation ^[40]. Diverse kinds of studies on solve NLPDEs were perused via mighty authors in which some of them can be stated, for instance, multivariate rogue wave to some PDEs ^[41], interaction lump solutions the gKP equation ^[42], the (1+1)-dimensional coupled integrable dispersionless equations ^[43]. Therefore, we embark on the new research topic of constructing the analytic solutions of nonlinear PDEs by exploring the bilinear method. According to recent studies, we can obtain some of the new exact analytic solutions of nonlinear PDEs by way of constructing their corresponding bilinear differential equations in ^{[44,45,46,47]}. Here, we will study the multiple Exp-function method (MEFM) for determining the multiple soliton solutions (MSSs). The MEFM employed by some of powerful authors for various nonlinear equations have been surveyed in more studies in ^{[31,48,49,50]}. Authors of ^[51] utilized the reduced differential transform method for solving partial differential equations. Also, Yu and Sun ^[52] studied the dimensionally reduced generalized KP equations by help of Hirita bilinear method and obtained of lump solutions.

The outline of our paper is as follows: the multiple Exp-function scheme has been summarized in section 2. In sections 3, the KP equation, will investigate to finding 1-wave, 2-wave, and three-wave solutions. The Sections 4-6 devote to determined the periodic, cross-kink, and solitary wave solutions. Moreover, in Section 7, the modulation instability analysis is investigated. Finally in Section 8, the SIVP technique is considered with four cases for finding the solitary, bright, dark and singular wave solutions. A few of conclusions and outlook will be given in the final section.

2. Multiple Exp-function method

This method was summarized and improved for achieving the analytic solutions of NLPDEs:

Step 1. Assume a nonlinear PDE is given in general frame as follows

$\begin{equation} \mathcal{N}(x, y, t, \Psi , \Psi _{x}, \Psi _{y}, \Psi _{z}, \Psi _{t}, \Psi _{xx}, \Psi _{tt}, ...) = 0. \end{equation}$ $

(2.1)

Take the novel variables $ \xi _{i} = \xi _{i}(x, y, z, t), 1\leq i\leq n $, by differentiable frames:

$\begin{equation} \xi _{i, x} = \alpha _{i}\xi _{i}, \ \ \xi _{i, y} = \beta _{i}\xi _{i}, \ \ \xi _{i, z} = \gamma _{i}\xi _{i}, \ \ \xi _{i, t} = -\delta _{i}\xi _{i}, \ \ 1\leq i\leq n, \end{equation}$ $

(2.2)

where $ \alpha _{i}, \beta _{i}, \gamma _{i}, 1\leq i\leq n $, are unfound amounts. It noted that one can get as the following function

$\begin{equation} \xi _{i} = \varpi _{i}e^{\theta _{i}}, \ \ \theta _{i} = \alpha _{i}x+\beta _{i}y+\gamma _{i}z-\delta _{i}t, \ \ 1\leq i\leq n, \end{equation}$ $

(2.3)

where $ \varpi _{i}, 1\leq i\leq n $, unspecified amounts.

Step 2. Assuming the solution of the Eq (2.1) is function of variables $ \xi _{i}, 1\leq i\leq n $:

$\begin{equation} \Psi = \frac{\Delta (\xi _{1}, \xi _{2}, ..., \xi _{n})}{\Omega (\xi _{1}, \xi _{2}, ..., \xi _{n})}, \ \ \Delta = \sum\limits_{r, s = 1}^{n}\sum\limits_{i, j = 0}^{M}\Delta _{rs, ij}\xi _{r}^{i}\xi _{s}^{j}, \ \ \Omega = \sum\limits_{r, s = 1}^{n}\sum\limits_{i, j = 0}^{N}\Omega _{rs, ij}\xi _{r}^{i}\xi _{s}^{j}, \ \ \end{equation}$ $

(2.4)

in which $ \Delta _{rs, ij} $ and $ \Omega _{rs, ij} $ are amounts to be remained. Replacing Eq (2.4) into Eq (2.1) can be achieved the below form as:

$\begin{equation} \Psi = \frac{\Delta (\varpi _{1}e^{\alpha _{1}x+\beta _{1}y+\gamma _{1}z-\delta _{1}t}, ..., \varpi _{n}e^{\alpha _{n}x+\beta _{n}y+\gamma _{n}z-\delta _{n}t})}{\Omega (\varpi _{1}e^{\alpha _{1}x+\beta _{1}y+\gamma _{1}z-\delta _{1}t}, ..., \varpi _{n}e^{\alpha _{n}x+\beta _{n}y+\gamma _{n}z-\delta _{n}t})}, \end{equation}$ $

(2.5)

and also we have

$\begin{eqnarray} \Delta _{t} & = &\sum\limits_{i = 1}^{n}\Delta _{\xi _{i}}\xi _{i, t}, \ \ \Omega _{t} = \sum\limits_{i = 1}^{n}\Omega _{\xi _{i}}\xi _{i, t}, \ \ \Delta _{x} = \sum\limits_{i = 1}^{n}\Delta _{\xi _{i}}\xi _{i, x}, \ \ \Omega _{x} = \sum\limits_{i = 1}^{n}\Omega _{\xi _{i}}\xi _{i, x}, \ \ \Delta _{y} = \sum\limits_{i = 1}^{n}\Delta _{\xi _{i}}\xi _{i, y}, \ \\ \ \Delta _{z} & = &\sum\limits_{i = 1}^{n}\Delta _{\xi _{i}}\xi _{i, z}, \rm{ \ }\Omega _{y} = \sum\limits_{i = 1}^{n}\Omega _{\xi _{i}}\xi _{i, y}, \ \ \Omega _{z} = \sum\limits_{i = 1}^{n}\Omega _{\xi _{i}}\xi _{i, z}, \ \end{eqnarray}$ $

(2.6)

$ \ \ \ \Psi _{t} = \frac{\Omega \sum\limits_{i = 1}^{n}\Delta _{\xi _{i}}\xi _{i, t}-\Delta \sum\limits_{i = 1}^{n}\Omega _{\xi _{i}}\xi _{i, t}}{\Omega ^{2}}, \ \ \Psi _{x} = \frac{\Omega \sum\limits_{i = 1}^{n}\Delta _{\xi _{i}}\xi _{i, x}-\Delta \sum\limits_{i = 1}^{n}\Omega _{\xi _{i}}\xi _{i, x}}{\Omega ^{2}}, $

$ \Psi _{y} = \frac{\Omega \sum\limits_{i = 1}^{n}\Delta _{\xi _{i}}\xi _{i, y}-\Delta \sum\limits_{i = 1}^{n}\Omega _{\xi _{i}}\xi _{i, y}}{\Omega ^{2}}, \ \ \Psi _{z} = \frac{ \Omega \sum\limits_{i = 1}^{n}\Delta _{\xi _{i}}\xi _{i, z}-\Delta \sum\limits_{i = 1}^{n}\Omega _{\xi _{i}}\xi _{i, z}}{\Omega ^{2}}. $

3. MSSs for the (3+1) gKP equation

3.1. Option I: 1-wave solution

The one-wave function of the solution will be reduced as below form

$\begin{equation} \Psi = \frac{2\Delta _{1}}{\Omega _{1}}, \ \ \Omega _{1} = 1+\rho _{1}+\rho _{2}\ e^{\alpha _{1}x+\beta _{1}y+\gamma _{1}z-\delta _{1}t}, \ \ \Delta _{1} = \sigma _{1}+\sigma _{2}\ e^{\alpha _{1}x+\beta _{1}y+\gamma _{1}z-\delta _{1}t}, \end{equation}$ $

(3.1)

in which $ \rho _{1}, \rho _{2}, \sigma _{1} $ and $ \sigma _{2} $ are unspecified amounts. Substituting (3.1) into Eq (1.8), the below cases will be concluded as:

Case I:

$\begin{equation} \alpha _{1} = \alpha _{1}, \ \ \beta _{1} = \beta _{1}, \ \ \rho _{1} = \rho _{1}, \ \ \rho _{2} = \ \ {\frac{\sigma _{{2}}\left( \rho _{{1}}+1\right) }{\sigma _{{1}}} \ \ } , \ \ \sigma _{1} = \sigma _{1}, \ \ \sigma _{{2}} = \sigma _{2}, \ \ \delta _{{1} } = \delta _{1}, \ \ \gamma _{1} = \gamma _{1}, \ \ \gamma _{2} = \gamma _{2}. \end{equation}$ $

(3.2)

Case II:

$\begin{equation} \alpha _{1} = \alpha _{1}, \ \ \beta _{1} = - \ \ {\frac{\alpha \, {\alpha _{{1}}} \ \ ^{3}\gamma _{{1}}-\alpha _{{1}}\delta _{{1}}\lambda _{{1}}+\alpha _{{1} }\gamma _{{1}}\omega _{{1}}-\delta _{{1}}\gamma _{{1}}\lambda _{{3}}+{\gamma _{{1}}} ^{2}\omega _{{3}}} \ \ {{\alpha _{{1}}} ^{3}-\delta _{{1}}\lambda _{{2} }+\gamma _{{1}}\omega _{{2}}} }, \ \ \rho _{1} = -1, \ \ \rho _{2} = \rho _{2}, \ \ \end{equation}$ $

(3.3)

$ \sigma _{1} = \sigma _{1}, \ \ \sigma _{{2}} = \sigma _{2}, \ \ \delta _{{1} } = \delta _{1}, \ \ \gamma _{1} = \gamma _{1}, \ \ \gamma _{2} = \gamma _{2}. $

Case III:

$\begin{equation} \alpha _{1} = \ \ {\frac{\gamma _{{1}}\left( \alpha \, \delta _{{1}}\lambda _{{2} }-\alpha \, \gamma _{{1}}\omega _{{2}}-\delta _{{1}}\lambda _{{3}}+\gamma _{{1 }}\omega _{{3}}\right) }{\delta _{{1}}\lambda _{{1}}-\gamma _{{1}}\omega _{{1 }}} }, \ \ \beta _{1} = -\alpha \gamma _{1}, \ \ \rho _{1} = \rho _{1}, \ \ \rho _{2} = \rho _{2}, \ \ \end{equation}$ $

(3.4)

$ \sigma _{1} = \sigma _{1}, \ \ \sigma _{{2}} = \sigma _{2}, \ \ \delta _{{1} } = \delta _{1}, \ \ \ \ \gamma _{1} = \gamma _{1}, \ \ \gamma _{2} = \gamma _{2}. $

Case IV:

$\begin{eqnarray} \alpha _{1} & = &\vartheta , \ \ \beta _{1} = \beta _{1}, \ or\ \ \beta _{1} = -\alpha \gamma _{1}, \ \ \ \rho _{1} = -1, \ \ \rho _{2} = \rho _{2}, \ \ \sigma _{1} = \sigma _{1}, \ \ \\ \sigma _{{2}} & = &\sigma _{2}, \ \delta _{{1}} = \frac{\vartheta ^{3}+\gamma _{1}\omega _{2}}{\lambda _{2}}, \ \ \gamma_1 = \gamma_1, \ \ \gamma_2 = \gamma_2, \ \end{eqnarray}$ $

(3.5)

in which $ \vartheta $, solves the equation $ \lambda_1\vartheta ^4+(\gamma _1\lambda _3-\alpha \gamma _1\lambda_2) {\vartheta }^{3}+(\gamma _1\lambda _1\omega _2-\gamma_1\lambda _2\omega _1) \vartheta -\gamma _1 ^2\omega _3\lambda _2+\gamma_1^2\lambda _3\omega_2 = 0. $

For example, the 1-wave solution for Case III will be considered as

$\begin{equation} \Psi = 2\frac{\sigma _{1}+\sigma _{2}e^{ \ \ {\frac{\gamma _{{1}}\left( \alpha \, \delta _{{1}}\lambda _{{2}}-\alpha \, \gamma _{{1}}\omega _{{2}}-\delta _{{1 }}\lambda _{{3}}+\gamma _{{1}}\omega _{{3}}\right) }{\delta _{{1}}\lambda _{{ 1}}-\gamma _{{1}}\omega _{{1}}} \ \ }x-\alpha \gamma _{1}y+\gamma _{1}z-\delta _{1}t}}{1+\rho _{1}+\rho _{2}e^{ \ \ {\frac{\gamma _{{1}}\left( \alpha \, \delta _{ {1}}\lambda _{{2}}-\alpha \, \gamma _{{1}}\omega _{{2}}-\delta _{{1}}\lambda _{{3}}+\gamma _{{1}}\omega _{{3}}\right) }{\delta _{{1}}\lambda _{{1} }-\gamma _{{1}}\omega _{{1}}} \ \ }\ \ x-\alpha \gamma _{1}y+\gamma _{1}z-\delta _{1}t}}. \end{equation}$ $

(3.6)

3.2. Option II: 2-wave solutions

The two-wave function of the solution will be reduced as below form

$\begin{equation} \Psi = \frac{2\Delta _{2}}{\Omega _{2}}, \end{equation}$ $

(3.7)

$\begin{equation} \Omega _{2} = 1+\sigma _{1}e^{\alpha _{1}x+\beta _{1}y+\gamma _{1}z-\delta _{1}t}+\sigma _{2}e^{\alpha _{2}x+\beta _{2}y+\gamma _{2}z-\delta _{2}t}+\sigma _{1}\sigma _{2}\sigma _{12}e^{(\alpha _{1}+\alpha _{2})x+(\beta _{1}+\beta _{2})y+(\gamma _{1}+\gamma _{2})z-(\delta _{1}+\delta _{2})t}, \ \ \end{equation}$ $

(3.8)

$ \Delta _{2} = \rho _{1}e^{\alpha _{1}x+\beta _{1}y+\gamma _{1}z-\delta _{1}t}+\rho _{2}e^{\alpha _{2}x+\beta _{2}y+\gamma _{2}z-\delta _{2}t}+\rho _{1}\rho _{2}\rho _{12}e^{(\alpha _{1}+\alpha _{2})x+(\beta _{1}+\beta _{2})y+(\gamma _{1}+\gamma _{2})z-(\delta _{1}+\delta _{2})t}. $

Substituting (3.7) in terms of (3.8) into Eq (1.8), the below cases will be resulted as:

Case I:

$\begin{eqnarray} \alpha _{1} & = &0, \ \ \alpha _{2} = \alpha _{2}, \ \ \beta _{1} = \beta _{1}, \ \ \beta _{2} = -\alpha \gamma _{2}, \ \ \delta _{{1}} = \ \ {\frac{\gamma _{{1}}\left( \beta _{{1}}\omega _{{2}}+\omega _{{3}}\gamma _{{1}}\right) }{\beta _{{1} }\lambda _{{2}}+\gamma _{{1}}\lambda _{{3}}} }, \ \ \\ \delta _{{2}} & = & \ \ {\frac{\gamma _{{2}}\left( \alpha \, \gamma _{{2}}\omega _{{ \ 2}}-\alpha _{{2}}\omega _{{1}}-\gamma _{{2}}\omega _{{3}}\right) }{\alpha \, \gamma _{{2}}\lambda _{{2}}-\alpha _{{2}}\lambda _{{1}}-\gamma _{{2} }\lambda _{{3}}} }, \gamma _{1} = \gamma _{1}, \ \ \gamma _{2} = \gamma _{2}, \ \ \rho _{1} = 0, \ \ \rho _{2} = \rho _{2}, \end{eqnarray}$ $

(3.9)

$ \ \ \rho _{12} = \rho _{12}, \ \ \sigma _{1} = \sigma _{1}, \ \ \sigma _{2} = \sigma _{2}, \ \ \sigma _{12} = 1. $

Case II:

$\begin{eqnarray} \alpha _{1} & = &\alpha _{1}, \ \ \alpha _{2} = 0, \ \ \beta _{1} = -\alpha \gamma _{1}, \ \ \beta _{2} = \beta _{2}, \ \ \delta _{{1}} = \ \ {\frac{\gamma _{{1}}\left( \alpha \, \gamma _{{1}}\omega _{{\ 2}}-\alpha _{{1}}\omega _{{1}}-\omega _{{3} }\gamma _{{1}}\right) }{\alpha \, \gamma _{{1}}\lambda _{{2}}-\alpha _{{1} }\lambda _{{1}}-\gamma _{{1}}\lambda _{{3}}} }, \\ \ \ \delta _{{2}} & = & \ \ {\frac{\gamma _{{2}}\left( \beta _{{2}}\omega _{{2} }+\gamma _{{2}}\omega _{{3}}\right) }{\beta _{{2}}\lambda _{{2}}+\gamma _{{2} }\lambda _{{3}}} }, \gamma _{1} = \gamma _{1}, \ \ \gamma _{2} = \gamma _{2}, \ \ \rho _{1} = 0, \ \end{eqnarray}$ $

(3.10)

$ \ \rho _{2} = \rho _{2}, \ \ \rho _{12} = \rho _{12}, \ \ \sigma _{1} = \sigma _{1}, \ \ \sigma _{2} = \sigma _{2}, \ \ \sigma _{12} = 1. $

Case III:

$\begin{eqnarray} \alpha _{1} & = &\alpha _{1}, \ \ \alpha _{2} = \alpha _{2}, \ \ \beta _{1} = -\alpha \gamma _{1}, \ \ \beta _{2} = -\alpha \gamma _{2}, \ \ \delta _{{1} } = \ \ {\frac{\gamma _{{1}}\left( \alpha \, \gamma _{{1}}\omega _{{\ 2}}-\alpha _{{ 1}}\omega _{{1}}-\omega _{{3}}\gamma _{{1}}\right) }{\alpha \, \gamma _{{1} }\lambda _{{2}}-\alpha _{{1}}\lambda _{{1}}-\gamma _{{1}}\lambda _{{3}}} }, \ \\ \ \delta _{{2}} & = & \ \ {\frac{\gamma _{{2}}\left( \alpha \, \gamma _{{2}}\omega _{ {\ 2}}-\alpha _{{2}}\omega _{{1}}-\gamma _{{2}}\omega _{{3}}\right) }{\alpha \, \gamma _{{2}}\lambda _{{2}}-\alpha _{{2}}\lambda _{{1}}-\gamma _{{2} }\lambda _{{3}}} }, \gamma _{1} = \gamma _{1}, \ \ \gamma _{2} = \gamma _{2}, \ \ \rho _{1} = 0, \end{eqnarray}$ $

(3.11)

$ \ \ \rho _{2} = \rho _{2}, \ \ \rho _{12} = \rho _{12}, \ \ \sigma _{1} = \sigma _{1}, \ \ \sigma _{2} = \sigma _{2}, \ \ \sigma _{12} = 1. $

Case IV:

$\begin{eqnarray} \alpha _{1} & = &0, \ \ \alpha _{2} = \alpha _{2}, \ \ \beta _{1} = \beta _{1}, \ \ \beta _{2} = -\alpha \gamma _{2}, \ \ \delta _{{1}} = \ \ {\frac{\gamma _{{1}}\left( \beta _{{1}}\omega _{{2}}+\omega _{{3}}\gamma _{{1}}\right) }{\beta _{{1} }\lambda _{{2}}+\gamma _{{1}}\lambda _{{3}}} }, \ \\ \ \delta _{{2}} & = & \ \ {\frac{\gamma _{{2}}\left( \alpha \, \gamma _{{2}}\omega _{ {\ 2}}-\alpha _{{2}}\omega _{{1}}-\gamma _{{2}}\omega _{{3}}\right) }{\alpha \, \gamma _{{2}}\lambda _{{2}}-\alpha _{{2}}\lambda _{{1}}-\gamma _{{2} }\lambda _{{3}}} }, \gamma _{1} = \gamma _{1}, \ \ \gamma _{2} = \gamma _{2}, \ \ \rho _{1} = \rho _{1}, \ \ \rho _{2} = 0, \end{eqnarray}$ $

(3.12)

$ \ \ \rho _{12} = \rho _{12}, \ \ \sigma _{1} = \sigma _{1}, \ \ \sigma _{2} = \sigma _{2}, \ \ \sigma _{12} = 1. $

Case V:

$\begin{eqnarray} \alpha _{1} & = &\alpha _{1}, \ \ \alpha _{2} = \alpha _{2}, \ \ \beta _{1} = -\alpha \gamma _{1}, \ \ \beta _{2} = -\alpha \gamma _{2}, \ \ \delta _{{1} } = \ \ {\frac{\gamma _{{1}}\left( \alpha \, \gamma _{{1}}\omega _{{\ 2}}-\alpha _{{ 1}}\omega _{{1}}-\omega _{{3}}\gamma _{{1}}\right) }{\alpha \, \gamma _{{1} }\lambda _{{2}}-\alpha _{{1}}\lambda _{{1}}-\gamma _{{1}}\lambda _{{3}}} }, \\ \ \ \delta _{{2}} & = & \ \ {\frac{\gamma _{{2}}\left( \alpha \, \gamma _{{2}}\omega _{{\ 2}}-\alpha _{{2}}\omega _{{1}}-\gamma _{{2}}\omega _{{3}}\right) }{ \alpha \, \gamma _{{2}}\lambda _{{2}}-\alpha _{{2}}\lambda _{{1}}-\gamma _{{2} }\lambda _{{3}}} }, \gamma _{1} = \gamma _{1}, \ \ \gamma _{2} = \gamma _{2}, \ \ \rho _{1} = \rho _{1}, \ \ \rho _{2} = 0, \end{eqnarray}$ $

(3.13)

$ \ \ \rho _{12} = \rho _{12}, \ \ \sigma _{1} = \sigma _{1}, \ \ \sigma _{2} = \sigma _{2}, \ \ \sigma _{12} = 1. $

Case VI:

$\begin{eqnarray} \alpha _{1} & = &\alpha _{1}, \ \ \alpha _{2} = \alpha _{2}, \ \ \beta _{1} = -{ \frac{\alpha \, \alpha _{{1}}\gamma _{{2}}} \ \ {\alpha _{{2}}} }, \ \ \beta _{2} = -\alpha \gamma _{2}, \ \ \delta _{{1}} = \ \ {\frac{\alpha _{{1}}\gamma _{{2} }\left( \alpha \, \gamma _{{\ 2}}\omega _{{2}}-\alpha _{{2}}\omega _{{1} }-\gamma _{{2}}\omega _{{3}}\right) }{\alpha _{{2}}\left( \alpha \, \gamma _{{ 2}}\lambda _{{2}}-\alpha _{{2}}\lambda _{{1}}-\gamma _{{2}}\lambda _{{3} }\right) }}, \ \\ \ \delta _{{2}} & = & \ \ {\frac{\gamma _{{2}}\left( \alpha \, \gamma _{{2}}\omega _{ {\ 2}}-\alpha _{{2}}\omega _{{1}}-\gamma _{{2}}\omega _{{3}}\right) }{\alpha \, \gamma _{{2}}\lambda _{{2}}-\alpha _{{2}}\lambda _{{1}}-\gamma _{{2} }\lambda _{{3}}} }, \gamma _{1} = \gamma _{1}, \ \ \gamma _{2} = \gamma _{2}, \ \ \rho _{1} = \rho _{1}, \ \ \rho _{2} = 0, \end{eqnarray}$ $

(3.14)

$ \ \ \rho _{12} = \rho _{12}, \ \ \sigma _{1} = \sigma _{1}, \ \ \sigma _{2} = \sigma _{2}, \ \ \sigma _{12} = \sigma _{12}. $

Case VII:

$\begin{eqnarray} \alpha _{1} & = &\alpha _{1}, \ \ \alpha _{2} = \alpha _{2}, \ \ \beta _{1} = -{ \frac{\alpha \, \alpha _{{1}}\gamma _{{2}}} \ \ {\alpha _{{2}}} }, \ \ \beta _{2} = -\alpha \gamma _{2}, \ \ \delta _{{1}} = \ \ {\frac{\alpha _{{1}}\gamma _{{2} }\left( \alpha \, \gamma _{{\ 2}}\omega _{{2}}-\alpha _{{2}}\omega _{{1} }-\gamma _{{2}}\omega _{{3}}\right) }{\alpha _{{2}}\left( \alpha \, \gamma _{{ 2}}\lambda _{{2}}-\alpha _{{2}}\lambda _{{1}}-\gamma _{{2}}\lambda _{{3} }\right) }}, \\ \ \ \delta _{{2}} & = & \ \ {\frac{\gamma _{{2}}\left( \alpha \, \gamma _{{2}}\omega _{{\ 2}}-\alpha _{{2}}\omega _{{1}}-\gamma _{{2}}\omega _{{3}}\right) }{ \alpha \, \gamma _{{2}}\lambda _{{2}}-\alpha _{{2}}\lambda _{{1}}-\gamma _{{2} }\lambda _{{3}}} }, \gamma _{1} = \ \ {\frac{\alpha _{{1}}\gamma _{{2}}} \ \ {\alpha _{{2} }}} \ \ , \ \ \gamma _{2} = \gamma _{2}, \ \ \rho _{1} = \rho _{1}, \ \ \rho _{2} = \rho _{2}, \end{eqnarray}$ $

(3.15)

$ \ \ \rho _{12} = \rho _{12}, \ \ \sigma _{1} = 0, \ \ \sigma _{2} = \sigma _{2}, \ \ \sigma _{12} = \sigma _{12}. $

Case VIII:

$\begin{eqnarray} \alpha _{1} & = &\frac{1}{2}\alpha _{2}, \ \ \alpha _{2} = \alpha _{2}, \ \ \beta _{1} = -\frac{1}{2}\, \alpha \, \gamma _{{2}}, \ \ \beta _{2} = -\alpha \gamma _{2}, \ \ \delta _{{1}} = \frac{1}{2}\, \ \ {\frac{\gamma _{{2}}\left( \alpha \, \gamma _{{2}}\omega _{{2}}-\alpha _{{2}}\omega _{{1}}-\gamma _{{2}}\omega _{{3}}\right) }{\alpha \, \gamma _{{2}}\lambda _{{2}}-\alpha _{{2}}\lambda _{{ 1}}-\gamma _{{2}}\lambda _{{3}}} }, \ \\ \ \delta _{{2}} & = & \ \ {\frac{\gamma _{{2}}\left( \alpha \, \gamma _{{2}}\omega _{ {\ 2}}-\alpha _{{2}}\omega _{{1}}-\gamma _{{2}}\omega _{{3}}\right) }{\alpha \, \gamma _{{2}}\lambda _{{2}}-\alpha _{{2}}\lambda _{{1}}-\gamma _{{2} }\lambda _{{3}}} }, \gamma _{1} = \frac{1}{2}\gamma _{2}, \ \ \gamma _{2} = \gamma _{2}, \ \ \rho _{1} = \rho _{1}, \ \end{eqnarray}$ $

(3.16)

$ \ \rho _{2} = \rho _{2}, \ \ \rho _{12} = \rho _{12}, \ \ \sigma _{1} = \sigma _{1}, \ \ \sigma _{2} = \sigma _{2}, \ \ \sigma _{12} = 0. $

For instance, the 2-wave solution for Case I will be taken as

$\begin{equation} \Psi _{1} = \left. 2\, \rho _{{2}}{\mathrm{e}^{- \ \ {\frac{t\gamma _{{2}}\left( \alpha \, \gamma _{{\ 2}}\omega _{{2}}-\alpha _{{2}}\omega _{{1}}-\gamma _{{2} }\omega _{{3}}\right) }{\alpha \, \gamma _{{2}}\lambda _{{2}}-\alpha _{{2} }\lambda _{{1}}-\gamma _{{2}}\lambda _{{3}}} \ \ }+x\alpha _{{2}}-y\alpha \, \gamma _{{2}}+z\gamma _{{2}}} \ \ }\right/ \left( 1+\sigma _{{1}}{\mathrm{e}^{-{ \frac{t\gamma _{{1}}\left( \beta _{{1}}\omega _{{2}}+\omega _{{3}}\gamma _{{1 }}\right) }{\beta _{{1}}\lambda _{{2}}+\gamma _{{1}}\lambda _{{3}}} \ \ }+y\beta _{{1}}+z\gamma _{{1}}} \ \ }+\right. \end{equation}$ $

(3.17)

$ \left. \sigma _{{2}}{\mathrm{e}^{- \ \ {\frac{t\gamma _{{2}}\left( \alpha \, \gamma _{{2}}\omega _{{2}}-\alpha _{{2}}\omega _{{1}}-\gamma _{{2}}\omega _{{3}}\right) }{\alpha \, \gamma _{{2}}\lambda _{{2}}-\alpha _{{2}}\lambda _{{ 1}}-\gamma _{{2}}\lambda _{{3}}} \ \ }+x\alpha _{{2}}-y\alpha \, \gamma _{{2} }+z\gamma _{{2}}} \ \ }+\sigma _{{1}}\sigma _{{2}}{\mathrm{e}^{- \ \ {\frac{t\gamma _{{ 1}}\left( \beta _{{1}}\omega _{{2}}+\omega _{{3}}\gamma _{{1}}\right) }{ \beta _{{1}}\lambda _{{2}}+\gamma _{{1}}\lambda _{{3}}} \ \ }- \ \ {\frac{t\gamma _{{2} }\left( \alpha \, \gamma _{{2}}\omega _{{2}}-\alpha _{{2}}\omega _{{1} }-\gamma _{{2}}\omega _{{3}}\right) }{\alpha \, \gamma _{{2}}\lambda _{{2} }-\alpha _{{2}}\lambda _{{1}}-\gamma _{{2}}\lambda _{{3}}} \ \ }+x\alpha _{{2} }+y\beta _{{1}}-y\alpha \, \gamma _{{2}}+z\gamma _{{1}}+z\gamma _{{2}}} } \right) . $

Also, the 2-wave solution for Case III will be considered as

$\begin{equation} \Psi _{2} = \left. 2\, \rho _{{2}}{\mathrm{e}^{- \ \ {\frac{t\gamma _{{2}}\left( \alpha \, \gamma _{{\ 2}}\omega _{{2}}-\alpha _{{2}}\omega _{{1}}-\gamma _{{2} }\omega _{{3}}\right) }{\alpha \, \gamma _{{2}}\lambda _{{2}}-\alpha _{{2} }\lambda _{{1}}-\gamma _{{2}}\lambda _{{3}}} \ \ }+x\alpha _{{2}}-y\alpha \, \gamma _{{2}}+z\gamma _{{2}}} \ \ }\right/ \left( 1+\sigma _{{1}}{\mathrm{e}^{-{ \frac{t\gamma _{{1}}\left( \alpha \, \gamma _{{1}}\omega _{{2}}-\alpha _{{1} }\omega _{{1}}-\omega _{{3}}\gamma _{{1}}\right) }{\alpha \, \gamma _{{1} }\lambda _{{2}}-\alpha _{{1}}\lambda _{{1}}-\gamma _{{1}}\lambda _{{3}}} \ \ } +x\alpha _{{1}}-y\alpha \, \gamma _{{1}}+z\gamma _{{1}}} \ \ }+\right. \end{equation}$ $

(3.18)

$ \left. \sigma _{{2}}{\mathrm{e}^{- \ \ {\frac{t\gamma _{{2}}\left( \alpha \gamma _{{2}}\omega _{{2}}-\alpha _{{2}}\omega _{{1}}-\gamma _{{2}}\omega _{{3} }\right) }{\alpha \gamma _{{2}}\lambda _{{2}}-\alpha _{{2}}\lambda _{{1} }-\gamma _{{2}}\lambda _{{3}}} \ \ }+x\alpha _{{2}}-y\alpha \gamma _{{2}}+z\gamma _{{2}}} \ \ }+\sigma _{{1}}\sigma _{{2}}{\mathrm{e}^{- \ \ {\frac{t\gamma _{{1}}\left( \alpha \gamma _{{1}}\omega _{{2}}-\alpha _{{1}}\omega _{{1}}-\omega _{{3} }\gamma _{{1}}\right) }{\alpha \gamma _{{1}}\lambda _{{2}}-\alpha _{{1} }\lambda _{{1}}-\gamma _{{1}}\lambda _{{3}}} \ \ }- \ \ {\frac{t\gamma _{{2}}\left( \alpha \gamma _{{2}}\omega _{{2}}-\alpha _{{2}}\omega _{{1}}-\gamma _{{2} }\omega _{{3}}\right) }{\alpha \gamma _{{2}}\lambda _{{2}}-\alpha _{{2} }\lambda _{{1}}-\gamma _{{2}}\lambda _{{3}}} \ \ }+x\alpha _{{1}}+x\alpha _{{2} }-y\alpha \gamma _{{1}}-y\alpha \gamma _{{2}}+z\gamma _{{1}}+z\gamma _{{2}}} } \right) . $

And finally, the resulting two-wave solution for Case VIII will be read as

$\begin{equation} \Psi _{3}(x, y, z, t) = 2\left( \rho _{{1}}{\mathrm{e}^{-\frac{1}{2} \ \ {\frac{ t\gamma _{{2}}\left( \alpha \, \gamma _{{2}}\omega _{{2}}-\alpha _{{2}}\omega _{{1}}-\gamma _{{2}}\omega _{{3}}\right) }{\alpha \, \gamma _{{2}}\lambda _{{2 }}-\alpha _{{2}}\lambda _{{1}}-\gamma _{{2}}\lambda _{{3}}} \ \ }+\frac{1}{2} x\alpha _{{2}}-\frac{1}{2}y\alpha \, \gamma _{{2}}+\frac{1}{2}z\gamma _{{2}}} \ \ } +\rho _{{2}}{\mathrm{e}^{- \ \ {\frac{t\gamma _{{2}}\left( \alpha \, \gamma _{{2} }\omega _{{2}}-\alpha _{{2}}\omega _{{1}}-\gamma _{{2}}\omega _{{3}}\right) }{\alpha \, \gamma _{{2}}\lambda _{{2}}-\alpha _{{2}}\lambda _{{1}}-\gamma _{{ 2}}\lambda _{{3}}} \ \ }+x\alpha _{{2}}-y\alpha \, \gamma _{{2}}+z\gamma _{{2}}} \ \ } +\right. \end{equation}$ $

(3.19)

$ \left. \left. \rho _{{1}}\rho _{{2}}\rho _{{12}}{\ \mathrm{e}^{-\frac{3}{2}{ \frac{t\gamma _{{2}}\left( \alpha \, \gamma _{{2}}\omega _{{2}}-\alpha _{{2} }\omega _{{1}}-\gamma _{{2}}\omega _{{3}}\right) }{\alpha \, \gamma _{{2} }\lambda _{{2}}-\alpha _{{2}}\lambda _{{1}}-\gamma _{{2}}\lambda _{{3}}} \ \ }+ \frac{3}{2}x\alpha _{{2}}-\frac{3}{2}y\alpha \, \gamma _{{2}}+\frac{3}{2} z\gamma _{{2}}} \ \ }\right) \right/ \left( 1+\sigma _{{1}}{\mathrm{e}^{-\frac{1}{ 2} \ \ {\frac{t\gamma _{{2}}\left( \alpha \, \gamma _{{2}}\omega _{{2}}-\alpha _{{2 }}\omega _{{1}}-\gamma _{{2}}\omega _{{3}}\right) }{\alpha \, \gamma _{{2} }\lambda _{{2}}-\alpha _{{2}}\lambda _{{1}}-\gamma _{{2}}\lambda _{{3}}} \ \ }+ \frac{1}{2}x\alpha _{{2}}-\frac{1}{2}y\alpha \gamma _{{2}}+\frac{1}{2} z\gamma _{{2}}} \ \ }\right. $

$ \left. +\sigma _{{2}}{\mathrm{e}^{- \ \ {\frac{t\gamma _{{2}}\left( \alpha \, \gamma _{{2}}\omega _{{2}}-\alpha _{{2}}\omega _{{1}}-\gamma _{{2}}\omega _{{3}}\right) }{\alpha \, \gamma _{{2}}\lambda _{{2}}-\alpha _{{2}}\lambda _{{ 1}}-\gamma _{{2}}\lambda _{{3}}} \ \ }+x\alpha _{{2}}-y\alpha \, \gamma _{{2} }+z\gamma _{{2}}} \ \ }\right) . $

3.3. Option III: Triple-wave solutions

The triple-wave function of the solution will be reduced as below form

$\begin{equation} \Psi = \frac{\Delta _{3}}{\Omega _{3}}, \end{equation}$ $

(3.20)

$\begin{equation} \Omega _{3} = 1+\rho _{1}e^{\Lambda _{1}}+\rho _{2}e^{\Lambda _{2}}+\rho _{3}e^{\Lambda _{3}}+\rho _{1}\rho _{2}\rho _{12}e^{\Lambda _{1}+\Lambda _{2}}+\rho _{1}\rho _{3}\rho _{13}e^{\Lambda _{1}+\Lambda _{3}}+\rho _{2}\rho _{3}\rho _{23}e^{\Lambda _{2}+\Lambda _{3}}+\rho _{1}\rho _{2}\rho _{3}\rho _{12}\rho _{13}\rho _{23}e^{\Lambda _{1}+\Lambda _{2}+\Lambda _{3}}, \ \ \end{equation}$ $

(3.21)

$ \Delta _{3} = 2\sigma _{1}e^{\Lambda _{1}}+2\sigma _{2}e^{\Lambda _{2}}+2\sigma _{1}\sigma _{2}\sigma _{12}e^{\Lambda _{1}+\Lambda _{2}}+2\sigma _{1}\sigma _{3}\sigma _{13}e^{\Lambda _{1}+\Lambda _{3}}+2\sigma _{2}\sigma _{3}\sigma _{23}e^{\Lambda _{2}+\Lambda _{3}}+ $

$ 2\sigma _{1}\sigma _{2}\sigma _{3}\sigma _{12}\sigma _{13}\sigma _{23}e^{\Lambda _{1}+\Lambda _{2}+\Lambda _{3}}, $

in which $ \Lambda _{i} = \alpha _{i}x+\beta _{i}y+\gamma _{i}x-\delta _{i}t, i = 1, 2, 3 $. Inserting (3.20) in terms of (3.21) into Eq (1.8), the below case will be reached:

$\begin{eqnarray} \alpha _{i} & = &\alpha _{i}, \ \ \gamma _{i} = \gamma _{i}, \ \ \sigma _{i} = \sigma _{i}, \ \ \rho _{1} = 0, \ \ \rho _{2} = \rho _{2}, \ \ \rho _{3} = \rho _{3}, \ \ \beta _{{i}} = -\alpha \, \gamma _{{i}}, \ \ \\ \delta _{{i}} & = & \ \ {\frac{\gamma _{{i}}\left( \alpha \, \gamma _{{i}}\omega _{{ \ 2}}-\alpha _{{i}}\omega _{{1}}-\omega _{{3}}\gamma _{{i}}\right) }{\alpha \, \gamma _{{i}}\lambda _{{2}}-\alpha _{{i}}\lambda _{{1}}-\gamma _{{i} }\lambda _{{3}}} }, \ \ i = 1, 2, 3, \ \ \rho _{ij} = \rho _{ij}, \ \ \sigma _{ij} = 1, \ \ i, j = 1, 2, 3, \ i\neq j. \end{eqnarray}$ $

(3.22)

Then, the solution is

$\begin{equation} \Psi _{1} = \frac{2\sigma _{1}e^{\Lambda _{1}}+2\sigma _{2}e^{\Lambda _{2}}+2\sigma _{1}\sigma _{2}e^{\Lambda _{1}+\Lambda _{2}}+2\sigma _{1}\sigma _{3}e^{\Lambda _{1}+\Lambda _{3}}+2\sigma _{2}\sigma _{3}e^{\Lambda _{2}+\Lambda _{3}}+2\sigma _{1}\sigma _{2}\sigma _{3}e^{\Lambda _{1}+\Lambda _{2}+\Lambda _{3}}} \ \ {1+\rho _{2}e^{\Lambda _{2}}+\rho _{3}e^{\Lambda _{3}}+\rho _{2}\rho _{3}\rho _{23}e^{\Lambda _{2}+\Lambda _{3}}} \ \ , \end{equation}$ $

(3.23)

in which $ \Lambda _{i} = \alpha _{i}x-\alpha \, \gamma _{{i}}y+\gamma _{i}x-{ \frac{\gamma _{{i}}\left(\alpha \, \gamma _{{i}}\omega _{{\ 2}}-\alpha _{{i} }\omega _{{1}}-\omega _{{3}}\gamma _{{i}}\right) }{\alpha \, \gamma _{{i} }\lambda _{{2}}-\alpha _{{i}}\lambda _{{1}}-\gamma _{{i}}\lambda _{{3}}} \ \ } t, i = 1, 2, 3 $ and $ \Psi = \Psi (x, y, z, t) $.

4. Novel periodic wave solutions

The triangular periodic waves for Eq (1.8) can be assumed as below:

$\begin{equation} \mathbf{f} = \exp (\tau _{1})+a_{16}\exp (-\tau _{1})+\cosh (\tau _{2})+\cos (\tau _{3})+a_{17}, \ \ \ \tau _{1} = \sum\limits_{i = 1}^{4}a_{i}x_{i}+a_{5}, \ \ \ \tau _{2} = \sum\limits_{i = 6}^{9}a_{i}x_{i-5}+a_{10}, \ \ \ \end{equation}$ $

(4.1)

$\begin{equation} \tau _{3} = \sum\limits_{i = 11}^{14}a_{i}x_{i-10}+a_{15}, \ \ (x_{1}, x_{2}, x_{3}, x_{4}) = (\mathbf{x}, t) = (x, y, z, t), \ \ \ \Psi (\mathbf{x} , t) = v_{0}+2\ln (\mathbf{f})_{x}, \end{equation}$ $

(4.2)

in which $ a_{i}, i = 1, ..., 17 $ are unfound values. Substituting (4.1) and (4.2) into Eq (1.8) the below consequences will be gained:

Case I:

$\begin{eqnarray} \mathbf{f} & = &{\mathrm{e}^{a_{{4}}t+a_{{1}}x- \ \ {\frac{y\left( a_{{3}}a_{{14} }\omega _{{3}}-a_{{4}}a_{{12}}\omega _{{2}}-a_{{4}}a_{{13}}\omega _{{3} }\right) }{a_{{14}}\omega _{{2}}} \ \ }+a_{{3}}z+a_{{5}}} \ \ }+\cosh \left( a_{{9}}t-{ \frac{y\left( a_{{8}}a_{{14}}\omega _{{3}}-a_{{9}}a_{{12}}\omega _{{2}}-a_{{ \ 9}}a_{{13}}\omega _{{3}}\right) }{a_{{14}}\omega _{{2}}} \ \ }+a_{{8}}z+a_{{\ 10 }}\right) \\ &&+\cos \left( ta_{{14}}+ya_{{12}}+za_{{13}}+a_{{15}}\right) . \end{eqnarray}$ $

(4.3)

Appending (4.3) into (4.1) and (4.2), the soliton-periodic wave solution of Eq (1.8) as below will be achieved:

$\begin{equation} \Psi _{1} = v_{{0}}+\frac{2a_{{1}}{\mathrm{e}^{a_{{4}}t+a_{{1}}x- \ \ {\frac{ y\left( a_{{3}}a_{{14}}\omega _{{3}}-a_{{4}}a_{{12}}\omega _{{2}}-a_{{4}}a_{{ 13}}\omega _{{3}}\right) }{a_{{14}}\omega _{{2}}} \ \ }+a_{{3}}z+a_{{5}}} \ \ }}{ \mathbf{f}}. \end{equation}$ $

(4.4)

By selecting the suitable values of parameters including

$\begin{eqnarray*} a_{1} & = &1, a_{3} = 1.5, a_{4} = 2, a_{5} = 1.5, a_{8} = 2, a_{9} = 1.5, a_{10} = 1, \\ a_{12} & = &2, a_{13} = 2.5, a_{14} = 1, a_{15} = 3.2, \omega _{2} = 1.5, \omega _{3} = 1.2, \end{eqnarray*}$ $

the graphical display of soliton-periodic wave solution is offered in Figure 1 such as 3D plot and density plot.

Figure 1. The soliton-periodic solution (4.4) at (f1, f2) $ x = -2, y = -2 $, (f3, f4) $ x = 0, y = 0 $, and (f5, f6) $ x = 2, y = 2 $.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

Case II:

$\begin{equation} \mathbf{f} = {\mathrm{e}^{a_{{4}}t+a_{{1}}x+ya_{{2}}- \ \ {\frac { \left( {a_{{1}}} \ \ ^{3}a_{{\ 14}}-a_{{4}}a_{{13}}\omega_{{2}} \right) z}{a_{{14}}\omega_{{2}}} \ \ } +a_{ {5}}} \ \ }+\cosh \left( a_{{9}}t+ya_{{7}}+ \ \ {\frac {a_{{9}}a_{{13}}z}{a_{{14 } }}} \ \ +a_{{10}} \right) +\cos \left( ta_{{14}}+ya_{{12}}+za_{{13}}+a_{{\ 15}} \right). \end{equation}$ $

(4.5)

Plugging (4.5) into (4.1) and (4.2), obtain a soliton-periodic wave solution of Eq (1.8) as below case:

$\begin{equation} \Psi_2 = v_{{0}}+\frac{2a_{{1}}{\mathrm{e}^{a_{{4}}t+a_{{1}}x+ya_{{2}}- \ \ {\frac { \left( {a_{{1}}} ^ {3}a_{{14}}-a_{{4}}a_{{13}}\omega_{{2}} \right) z}{a_{{14} }\omega_{{2} }}} \ \ +a_{{5}}} \ \ } }{\mathbf{f}} . \end{equation}$ $

(4.6)

Case III:

$\begin{equation} \mathbf{f} = {\mathrm{e}^{a_{{4}}t+a_{{1}}x- \ \ {\frac {y \left( a_{{3}}\omega_{{3} }+a_{{4 }}\lambda_{{3}} \right) }{\omega_{{2}}} \ \ }+a_{{3}}z+a_{{5}}} \ \ }+\cosh \left( a_{{9}}t- \ \ {\frac {y \left( a_{{8}}\omega_{{3}}+a_{{9}}\lambda_{ {3}} \right) }{\omega_{{2}}} \ \ }+a_{{8}}z+a_{{10}} \right) +\cos \left( - \ \ {\frac { a_{ {13}}\omega_{{3}}y}{\omega_{{2}}} \ \ }+za_{{13}}+a_{{15}} \right). \end{equation}$ $

(4.7)

Incorporating (4.7) into (4.1) and (4.2), the soliton-periodic wave solution of Eq (1.8) will be gained as below:

$\begin{equation} \Psi_3 = v_{{0}}+\frac{2a_{{1}}{\mathrm{e}^{a_{{4}}t+a_{{1}}x- \ \ {\frac {y \left( a_{{3}}\omega_{{3} }+a_{{4}}\lambda_{{3}} \right) }{\omega_{{2}}} \ \ }+a_{{3} }z+a_{{5}}} \ \ } }{\mathbf{f}} . \end{equation}$ $

(4.8)

Case IV:

$\begin{equation} \mathbf{f} = {\mathrm{e}^{a_{{4}}t- \ \ {\frac {y \left( a_{{3}}a_{{9}}\omega_{{3} }-a_{{4}} a_{{7}}\omega_{{2}}-a_{{4}}a_{{8}}\omega_{{3}} \right) }{a_{{9} }\omega _{{2}}} \ \ }+a_{{3}}z+a_{{5}}} \ \ }+\cosh \left( a_{{9}}t+ya_{{7}}+a_{{8} }z+a_ {{10}} \right) +\cos \left( xa_{{11}}+a_{{15}} \right) . \end{equation}$ $

(4.9)

Plugging (4.9) into (4.1) and (4.2), the soliton-periodic wave solution of Eq (1.8) will be achieved as below:

$\begin{equation} \Psi_4 = v_{{0}}-\frac{2\sin \left( xa_{{11}}+a_{{15}} \right) a_{{11}} }{ \mathbf{f}}. \end{equation}$ $

(4.10)

Case V:

$\begin{equation} \mathbf{f} = {\mathrm{e}^{a_{{4}}t+ya_{{2}}+ \ \ {\frac {a_{{4}}a_{{8}}z}{a_{{9}}} \ \ } +a_{{5}} }}+\cosh \left( a_{{9}}t+ya_{{7}}+a_{{8}}z+a_{{10}} \right) +\cos \left( xa_{{11}}- \ \ {\frac { \left( {a_{{11}}} ^{2}\omega_{{3}}+\omega_{{\ 1} }\omega_{{2}} \right) a_{{11}}y}{{\omega_{{2}}} ^{2}}} \ \ + \ \ {\frac {{a_{{\ 11}}} \ \ ^{3}z}{\omega_{{2}}} \ \ }+a_{{15}} \right). \end{equation}$ $

(4.11)

Incorporating (4.11) into (4.1) and (4.2), we capture a soliton-periodic wave solution of Eq (1.8) as below:

$\begin{equation} \Psi_5 = v_{{0}}-\frac{2\sin \left( xa_{{11}}- \ \ {\frac { \left( {a_{{11}}} \ \ ^{2}\omega_{{3}}+ \omega_{{1}}\omega_{{2}} \right) a_{{11}}y}{{\omega_{{2}}} \ \ ^{2}}} \ \ +{\ \frac {{a_{{11}}} ^{3}z}{\omega_{{2}}} \ \ }+a_{{15}} \right) a_{{11}} }{ \mathbf{f}}. \end{equation}$ $

(4.12)

Case VI:

$\begin{eqnarray} \mathbf{f} & = &{\mathrm{e}^{a_{{4}}t+ \ \ {\frac{\omega _{{2}}\left( a_{{3}}a_{{9} }-a_{{4}}a_{{8}}\right) x}{a_{{9}}{a_{{11}}} ^{2}}} \ \ -\frac{1}{3}\, \ \ {\frac{ y\left( -2\, \alpha \, a_{{9}}{a_{{11}}} ^{6}\omega _{{2}}+2\, a_{{9}}{a_{{11}}} \ \ ^{6}\omega _{{3}}+3\, \alpha \, {a_{{3}}} ^{2}a_{{9}}{\omega _{{2}}} \ \ ^{3}-3\, \alpha \, a_{{3}}a_{{4}}a_{{8}}{\omega _{{2}}} ^{3}+2\, a_{{9}}{a_{{11}} }^{4}\omega _{{1}}\omega _{{2}}\right) }{{\omega _{{2}}} ^{3}\left( a_{{3}}a_{ {9}}-a_{{4}}a_{{8}}\right) }} \ \ +a_{{3}}z+a_{{5}}} }+ \\ &&\cosh \left( a_{{9}}t-\frac{1}{3} \ \ {\frac{y\Omega }{a_{{4}}{\omega _{{2}}} \ \ ^{3}\left( a_{{3}}a_{{9}}-a_{{4}}a_{{8}}\right) \left( {a_{{9}}} ^{2}{a_{{11}} }^{6}+{\omega _{{2}}} ^{2}\left( a_{{3}}a_{{9}}-a_{{4}}a_{{8}}\right) ^{2}\right) }}+a_{{8}}z+a_{{10}}\right) \\ &&+\cos \left( xa_{{11}}- \ \ {\frac{\alpha {a_{{11}}} ^{3}y}{\omega _{{2}}} \ \ }+{ \frac{{a_{{11}}} ^{3}z}{\omega _{{2}}} \ \ }+a_{{15}}\right) , \end{eqnarray}$ $

(4.13)

$\begin{eqnarray*} \Omega & = &3\, \alpha \, a_{{4}}a_{{8}}{\omega _{{2}}} ^{5}\left( a_{{3}}a_{{9} }-a_{{4}}a_{{8}}\right) ^{3}+\alpha \, {a_{{9}}} ^{2}{a_{{11}}} ^{6}{\omega _{{2 }}} ^{3}\left( a_{{3}}a_{{9}}+2\, a_{{4}}a_{{8}}\right) \left( a_{{3}}a_{{9} }-a_{{4}}a_{{8}}\right) \\ &&-{a_{{9}}} ^{2}{a_{{11}}} ^{4}{\omega _{{2}}} ^{2}\left( a_{{3}}a_{{9}}-a_{{4} }a_{{8}}\right) ^{2}\left( {a_{{11}}} ^{2}\omega _{{3}}+\omega _{{1}}\omega _{ {2}}\right) -{a_{{9}}} ^{2}{a_{{11}}} ^{12}\left( 3\, {a_{{4}}} ^{2}-{a_{{9}}} \ \ ^{2}\right) \left( \alpha \, \omega _{{2}}-\omega _{{3}}\right) . \end{eqnarray*}$ $

Appending (4.13) into (4.1) and (4.2), the soliton-periodic wave solution of Eq (1.8) will be obtained as below:

$\begin{eqnarray} \Psi _{5} & = &v_{{0}}+\frac{2}{\mathbf{f}}\left[ \ \ {\frac{\omega _{{2}}\left( a_{{3}}a_{{9}}-a_{{4}}a_{{8}}\right) }{a_{{9}}{a_{{11}}} ^{2}}{\mathrm{e}^{a_{ {4}}t+ \ \ {\frac{\omega _{{2}}\left( a_{{3}}a_{{9}}-a_{{4}}a_{{8}}\right) x}{a_{{ 9}}{a_{{11}}} ^{2}}} \ \ -\frac{1}{3}\, \ \ {\frac{y\left( -2\, \alpha \, a_{{9}}{a_{{11}} }^{6}\omega _{{2}}+2\, a_{{9}}{a_{{11}}} ^{6}\omega _{{3}}+3\, \alpha \, {a_{{3}} }^{2}a_{{9}}{\omega _{{2}}} ^{3}-3\, \alpha \, a_{{3}}a_{{4}}a_{{8}}{\omega _{{2 }}} ^{3}+2\, a_{{9}}{a_{{11}}} ^{4}\omega _{{1}}\omega _{{2}}\right) }{{\omega _{{2}}} ^{3}\left( a_{{3}}a_{{9}}-a_{{4}}a_{{8}}\right) }}+a_{{3}}z+a_{{5}}} \ \ }} \right. \\ &&\left. +\sin \left( -xa_{{11}}+ \ \ {\frac{\alpha \, {a_{{11}}} ^{3}y}{\omega _{{2 }}} \ \ }- \ \ {\frac{{a_{{11}}} ^{3}z}{\omega _{{2}}} \ \ }-a_{{15}}\right) a_{{11}}\right] . \end{eqnarray}$ $

(4.14)

By selecting suitable values of parameters including

$\begin{eqnarray*} \alpha & = &0.5, a_{3} = 1, a_{4} = 1.5, a_{5} = 2, a_{8} = 2, a_{9} = 1.5, a_{10} = 1, a_{11} = 2, a_{13} = 2.5, a_{14} = 1, \\ a_{15} & = &3.2, \omega _{1} = 1.5, \omega _{2} = 1.2, \omega _{3} = 1.5, \end{eqnarray*}$ $

the graphical display of soliton-periodic wave solution is offered in Figure 2 such as 3D chart and density chart.

Figure 2. The soliton-periodic solution (4.14) at (f1, f2) $ x = -2, y = -2 $, (f3, f4) $ x = 0, y = 0 $, and (f5, f6) $ x = 2, y = 2 $.

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Case VII:

$\begin{equation} \mathbf{f} = {\mathrm{e}^{ \ \ {\frac{\Omega \, a_{{9}}t}{{a_{{11}}} ^{3}}} \ \ +a_{{1}}x- \frac{1}{6}\, \ \ {\frac{y\left( -6\, {a_{{1}}} ^{4}{a_{{11}}} ^{5}\omega _{{3}}-3\, { a_{{1}}} ^{4}{a_{{11}}} ^{3}\omega _{{1}}\omega _{{2}}+2\, {a_{{11}}} ^{7}\omega _{{1}}\omega _{{2}}+6\, \Omega \, a_{{1}}a_{{8}}{a_{{11}}} ^{2}\omega _{{2} }\omega _{{3}}+3\, \Omega \, a_{{1}}a_{{8}}\omega _{{1}}{\omega _{{2}}} \ \ ^{2}\right) }{{a_{{11}}} ^{5}{\omega _{{2}}} ^{2}a_{{1}}} \ \ }+ \ \ {\frac{\left( -{a_{{ 1}}} ^{3}{a_{{11}}} ^{3}+\Omega \, a_{{8}}\omega _{{2}}\right) z}{{a_{{11}}} \ \ ^{3}\omega _{{2}}} \ \ }+a_{{5}}} \ \ }+ \end{equation}$ $

(4.15)

$ \cosh \left( a_{{9}}t+ya_{{7}}+a_{{8}}z+a_{{10}}\right) +\cos \left( xa_{{11} }-\frac{1}{2}\, \ \ {\frac{\left( 2\, {a_{{11}}} ^{2}\omega _{{3}}+\omega _{{1} }\omega _{{2}}\right) a_{{11}}y}{{\omega _{{2}}} ^{2}}} \ \ + \ \ {\frac{{a_{{11}}} ^{3}z }{\omega _{{2}}} \ \ }+a_{{15}}\right) , $

$ \Omega = \sqrt{-{a_{{1}}} ^{6}-2\, {a_{{1}}} ^{4}{a_{{11}}} ^{2}+{a_{{11}}} ^{6}}. $

Incorporating (4.15) into (4.1) and (4.2), the soliton-periodic wave solution of Eq (1.8) will be received as below:

$\begin{eqnarray} \Psi _{5} & = &v_{{0}}+\frac{2}{\mathbf{f}}\left[ a_{{1}}{\mathrm{e}^{ \ \ {\frac{ \Omega \, a_{{9}}t}{{a_{{11}}} ^{3}}} \ \ +a_{{1}}x-\frac{1}{6}\, \ \ {\frac{y\left( -6\, {a_{{1}}} ^{4}{a_{{11}}} ^{5}\omega _{{3}}-3\, {a_{{1}}} ^{4}{a_{{11}}} \ \ ^{3}\omega _{{1}}\omega _{{2}}+2\, {a_{{11}}} ^{7}\omega _{{1}}\omega _{{2} }+6\, \Omega \, a_{{1}}a_{{8}}{a_{{11}}} ^{2}\omega _{{2}}\omega _{{3} }+3\, \Omega \, a_{{1}}a_{{8}}\omega _{{1}}{\omega _{{2}}} ^{2}\right) }{{a_{{11 }}} ^{5}{\omega _{{2}}} ^{2}a_{{1}}} \ \ }+ \ \ {\frac{\left( -{a_{{1}}} ^{3}{a_{{11}}} \ \ ^{3}+\Omega \, a_{{8}}\omega _{{2}}\right) z}{{a_{{11}}} ^{3}\omega _{{2}}} \ \ } +a_{{5}}} \ \ }\right. \\ &&\left. -\sin \left( xa_{{11}}-\frac{1}{2}\, \ \ {\frac{\left( 2\, {a_{{11}}} \ \ ^{2}\omega _{{3}}+\omega _{{1}}\omega _{{2}}\right) a_{{11}}y}{{\omega _{{2}} }^{2}}} \ \ + \ \ {\frac{{a_{{11}}} ^{3}z}{\omega _{{2}}} \ \ }+a_{{15}}\right) a_{{11}} \right] . \end{eqnarray}$ $

(4.16)

By selecting the specific amounts of parameters including

$\begin{eqnarray*} \alpha & = &0.5, a_{1} = 1, a_{4} = a_{9} = \omega _{1} = \omega _{3} = 1.5, , a_{5} = 2, a_{7} = 1.5, a_{8} = 2, \\ a_{10} & = &1, a_{11} = 2, a_{13} = 2.5, a_{14} = 1, a_{15} = 3.2, \omega _{2} = 1.2, \end{eqnarray*}$ $

the graphical display of soliton-periodic wave solution is offered in Figure 3 such as 3D chart, density chart, and 2D chart and below cases:

$ (f3)\ y = 1, 2, 3, \ \ (f6)\ y = 1, 2, 3, \ and\ \ (f9)\ y = -1, -2, -3. $

Figure 3. The soliton-periodic solution (4.16) at (f1, f2) $ z = -2, t = -2 $, (f4, f5) $ z = 0, t = 0 $, and (f7, f8) $ z = 2, t = 2 $.

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5. Novel cross-kink wave solutions

Three function containing exponential, hyperbolic, and triangular periodic waves for Eq (1.8) can be assumed as the following:

$\begin{equation} \mathbf{f} = \exp(\tau_1)+a_{16}\exp(-\tau_1)+\sinh(\tau_2)+\sin( \tau_3)+a_{17}, \ \ \ \tau_1 = \sum\limits_{i = 1}^{4}a_ix_i+a_5, \ \ \ \tau_2 = \sum\limits_{i = 6}^{9}a_ix_{i-5}+a_{10}, \end{equation}$ $

(5.1)

$\begin{equation} \tau_3 = \sum\limits_{i = 11}^{14}a_ix_{i-10}+a_{15}, \ \ (x_1, x_2, x_3, x_4) = (\mathbf{x} , t) = (x, y, z, t), \ \ \ \Psi(\mathbf{x}, t) = v_0+2\ln(\mathbf{f})_{x}, \end{equation}$ $

(5.2)

in which $ a_{i}, i = 1, ..., 17 $ are unfound values. Substituting (5.2) into Eq (1.8) the below consequences will be gained:

Case I:

$\begin{equation} \mathbf{f} = {\mathrm{e}^{a_{{4}}t+a_{{1}}x- \ \ {\frac{\left( a_{{3}}a_{{14} }\omega _{{3}}-a_{{4}}a_{{12}}\omega _{{2}}-a_{{4}}a_{{13}}\omega _{{3} }\right) y}{a_{{14}}\omega _{{2}}} \ \ }+a_{{3}}z+a_{{5}}} \ \ }+\sinh \left( a_{{9}}t- \ \ {\frac{\left( a_{{8}}a_{{14}}\omega _{{3}}-a_{{9}}a_{{12}}\omega _{{2}}-a_{{9 }}a_{{13}}\omega _{{3}}\right) y}{a_{{14}}\omega _{{2}}} \ \ }+a_{{8}}z+a_{{10} }\right) \end{equation}$ $

(5.3)

$ +\sin \left( ta_{{14}}+ya_{{12}}+za_{{13}}+a_{{15}}\right) . $

Substituting (5.3) into (5.1) and (5.2), the cross-kink solution of Eq (1.8) will be gained as the following:

$\begin{equation} \Psi _{1} = v_{{0}}+\frac{2a_{{1}}{\mathrm{e}^{a_{{4}}t+a_{{1}}x- \ \ {\frac{\left( a_{{3}}a_{{14}}\omega _{{3}}-a_{{4}}a_{{12}}\omega _{{2}}-a_{{4}}a_{{13} }\omega _{{3}}\right) y}{a_{{14}}\omega _{{2}}} \ \ }+a_{{3}}z+a_{{5}}} \ \ }}{\mathbf{ f}}. \end{equation}$ $

(5.4)

By selecting the suitable values of parameters including

$\begin{eqnarray*} a_{1} & = &1, a_{3} = 3, a_{4} = 2, a_{5} = 1.5, a_{8} = 1.7, a_{9} = 1.5, a_{10} = 1.5, \\ a_{12} & = &2.5, a_{13} = 1.1, a_{14} = 2.1, a_{15} = 3.2, \omega _{2} = 1, \omega _{3} = 1.5, \end{eqnarray*}$ $

the graphical representation of cross-kink wave solution is offered in Figure 4 such 3D plot and density plot.

Figure 4. The cross-kink wave solution (5.4) at (f1, f2) $ x = 3, y = 2 $, (f3, f4) $ x = 0, y = 2 $, and (f5, f6) $ x = -3, y = 2 $.

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Case II:

$\begin{equation} \mathbf{f} = {\mathrm{e}^{a_{{4}}t+a_{{1}}x+a_{{2}}y- \ \ {\frac{\left( {a_{{1}}} \ \ ^{3}a_{{14}}-a_{{4}}a_{{13}}\omega _{{2}}\right) z}{a_{{14}}\omega _{{2}}} \ \ } +a_{{5}}} \ \ }+\sinh \left( a_{{9}}t+a_{{7}}y+ \ \ {\frac{a_{{9}}a_{{13}}z}{a_{{14}}} \ \ } +a_{{10}}\right) +\sin \left( ta_{{14}}+ya_{{12}}+za_{{13}}+a_{{15}}\right) . \end{equation}$ $

(5.5)

Putting (5.5) into (5.1) and (5.2), the cross-kink solution of Eq (1.8) will be received as the following:

$\begin{equation} \Psi _{2} = v_{{0}}+\frac{2a_{{1}}{\mathrm{e}^{a_{{4}}t+a_{{1}}x+a_{{2}}y-{ \frac{\left( {a_{{1}}} ^{3}a_{{14}}-a_{{4}}a_{{13}}\omega _{{2}}\right) z}{a_{ {14}}\omega _{{2}}} \ \ }+a_{{5}}} \ \ }}{\mathbf{f}}. \end{equation}$ $

(5.6)

By selecting the suitable values of parameters including

the graphical exhibition of cross-kink solution is offered in Figure 5 such as 3D chart and density chart.

Figure 5. The cross-kink wave solution (5.6) at (f1, f2) $ x = 3, y = 2 $, (f3, f4) $ x = 0, y = 2 $, and (f5, f6) $ x = -3, y = 2 $.

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Case III:

$\begin{equation} \mathbf{f} = {\mathrm{e}^{a_{{4}}t+a_{{1}}x- \ \ {\frac { \left( a_{{3}}\omega_{{3} }+a_{{4} }\lambda_{{3}} \right) y}{\omega_{{2}}} \ \ }+a_{{3}}z+a_{{5}}} \ \ }+\sinh \left( a_{{9}}t- \ \ {\frac { \left( a_{{8}}\omega_{{3}}+a_{{9}}\lambda_{{\ 3}} \right) y}{\omega_{{2}}} \ \ }+a_{{8}}z+a_{{10}} \right) +\sin \left( - \ \ {\frac { a_{{13}}\omega_{{3}}y}{\omega_{{2}}} \ \ }+a_{{13}}z+a_{{15}} \right). \end{equation}$ $

(5.7)

Plugging (5.7) into (5.1) and (5.2), the cross-kink solution of Eq (1.8) will be obtained as the following:

$\begin{equation} \Psi_3 = v_{{0}}+\frac{2a_{{1}}{\mathrm{e}^{a_{{4}}t+a_{{1}}x- \ \ {\frac { \left( a_{{3}}\omega_{{3}} +a_{{4}}\lambda_{{3}} \right) y}{\omega_{{2}}} \ \ }+a_{{3} }z+a_{{5}}} \ \ } }{\mathbf{f}} . \end{equation}$ $

(5.8)

Case IV:

$\begin{eqnarray} \mathbf{f} & = &{\mathrm{e}^{- \ \ {\frac{a_{{9}}\left( {a_{{11}}} ^{2}\left( \omega _{{3}}{a_{{1}}} ^{2}-\omega _{{1}}\omega _{{2}}\right) \left( {a_{{1}}} \ \ ^{3}+a_{{3}}\omega _{{2}}\right) -{a_{{1}}} ^{5}\omega _{{1}}\omega _{{2} }\right) t}{{a_{{1}}} ^{2}a_{{7}}{a_{{11}}} ^{2}{\omega _{{2}}} ^{2}}} \ \ +a_{{1}}x- \ \ {\frac{a_{{3}}\left( \omega _{{3}}{a_{{1}}} ^{2}-\omega _{{1}}\omega _{{2} }\right) y}{{a_{{1}}} ^{2}\omega _{{2}}} \ \ }+a_{{3}}z+a_{{5}}} \ \ }+\sin \left( xa_{{ 11}}+a_{{15}}\right) \\ &&+\sinh \left( a_{{9}}t+a_{{7}}y- \ \ {\frac{\left( {a_{{1}}} ^{3}+a_{{3}}\omega _{{2}}\right) {a_{{1}}} ^{2}a_{{7}}{a_{{11}}} ^{2}\omega _{{2}}z}{{a_{{11}}} \ \ ^{2}\left( \omega _{{3}}{a_{{1}}} ^{2}-\omega _{{1}}\omega _{{2}}\right) \left( {a_{{1}}} ^{3}+a_{{3}}\omega _{{2}}\right) -{a_{{1}}} ^{5}\omega _{{1} }\omega _{{2}}} \ \ }+a_{{10}}\right) . \end{eqnarray}$ $

(5.9)

Inserting (5.9) into (5.1) and (5.2), the cross-kink solution of Eq (1.8) will be gained as the following:

$\begin{equation} \Psi _{4} = v_{{0}}+2\frac{a_{{1}}{\mathrm{e}^{- \ \ {\frac{a_{{9}}\left( {a_{{11}}} \ \ ^{2}\left( \omega _{{3}}{a_{{1}}} ^{2}-\omega _{{1}}\omega _{{2}}\right) \left( {a_{{1}}} ^{3}+a_{{3}}\omega _{{2}}\right) -{a_{{1}}} ^{5}\omega _{{1} }\omega _{{2}}\right) t}{{a_{{1}}} ^{2}a_{{7}}{a_{{11}}} ^{2}{\omega _{{2}}} \ \ ^{2}}} \ \ +a_{{1}}x- \ \ {\frac{a_{{3}}\left( \omega _{{3}}{a_{{1}}} ^{2}-\omega _{{1} }\omega _{{2}}\right) y}{{a_{{1}}} ^{2}\omega _{{2}}} \ \ }+a_{{3}}z+a_{{5}}} \ \ } +\cos \left( xa_{{11}}+a_{{15}}\right) a_{{11}}} \ \ {\mathbf{f}}. \end{equation}$ $

(5.10)

Case V:

$\begin{equation} \mathbf{f} = {\mathrm{e}^{a_{{4}}t+a_{{2}}y+ \ \ {\frac{a_{{4}}a_{{8}}z}{a_{{9}}} \ \ } +a_{{5}}} \ \ }+\sinh \left( a_{{9}}t+a_{{7}}y+a_{{8}}z+a_{{10}}\right) +\sin \left( xa_{{11}}- \ \ {\frac{a_{{11}}\left( {a_{{11}}} ^{2}\omega _{{3}}+\omega _{{ 1}}\omega _{{2}}\right) y}{{\omega _{{2}}} ^{2}}} \ \ + \ \ {\frac{{a_{{11}}} ^{3}z}{ \omega _{{2}}} \ \ }+a_{{15}}\right) . \end{equation}$ $

(5.11)

Substituting (5.11) into (5.1) and (5.2), the cross-kink solution of Eq (1.8) will be received as the following:

$\begin{equation} \Psi _{5} = v_{{0}}+\frac{2\cos \left( xa_{{11}}- \ \ {\frac{a_{{11}}\left( {a_{{11} }}^{2}\omega _{{3}}+\omega _{{1}}\omega _{{2}}\right) y}{{\omega _{{2}}} ^{2}} }+ \ \ {\frac{{a_{{11}}} ^{3}z}{\omega _{{2}}} \ \ }+a_{{15}}\right) a_{{11}}} \ \ {\mathbf{f }}. \end{equation}$ $

(5.12)

By selecting the suitable values of parameters including

the graphical exhibition of cross-kink solution is offered in Figure 6 such as 3D chart and density chart.

Figure 6. The cross-kink wave solution (5.6) at (f1, f2) $ x = 3, y = 2 $, (f3, f4) $ x = 0, y = 2 $, and (f5, f6) $ x = -3, y = 2 $.

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Case VI:

$\begin{eqnarray} \mathbf{f} & = &{\mathrm{e}^{ \ \ {\frac{\Omega \, a_{{9}}t}{{a_{{11}}} ^{3}}} \ \ +a_{{1} }x-\frac{1}{12} \ \ {\frac{\left( 3\, \Omega \, a_{{1}}a_{{8}}\omega _{{2}}\left( 4\, {a_{{11}}} ^{2}\omega _{{3}}+3\, \omega _{{1}}\omega _{{2}}\right) -12\, {a_{ {1}}} ^{4}{a_{{11}}} ^{5}\omega _{{3}}-{a_{{11}}} ^{3}\omega _{{1}}\omega _{{2} }\left( 9\, {a_{{1}}} ^{4}-2\, {a_{{11}}} ^{2}{a_{{1}}} ^{2}-2\, {a_{{11}}} \ \ ^{4}\right) \right) y}{{a_{{11}}} ^{5}{\omega _{{2}}} ^{2}a_{{1}}} \ \ } + \ \ {\frac{ \left( -{a_{{1}}} ^{3}{a_{{11}}} ^{3}+\Omega \, a_{{8}}\omega _{{2}}\right) z}{ \omega _{{2}}{a_{{11}}} ^{3}}} \ \ +a_{{5}}} \ \ } \\ &&\sinh \left( a_{{9}}t+a_7y+a_{{8}}z+a_{{10}}\right) +\sin \left( xa_{{ 11}} \! - \! \frac{1}{12} \ \ {\frac{a_{11}\left( 12{a_{{11}}} ^{2}\omega _{{3} } \! + \! 7\, \omega _1\omega _2\right) y}{{\omega _{{2}}} ^{2}}} \ \ + \ \ {\frac{a_{11}^3z}\omega _2} \! + \! a_{15}\right), \end{eqnarray}$ $

(5.13)

$ \Omega = \sqrt{-3\, {a_{{1}}} ^{6}-4\, {a_{{1}}} ^{4}{a_{{11}}} ^{2}+{a_{{11}}} ^{6} }. $

Putting (5.13) into (5.1) and (5.2), the cross-kink solution of Eq (1.8) will be concluded as the following:

$\begin{eqnarray} \Psi _{5} & = &v_{{0}}+\frac{2}{\mathbf{f}}\left[ a_{{1}}{\mathrm{e}^{ \ \ {\frac{ \Omega \, a_{{9}}t}{{a_{{11}}} ^{3}}} \ \ +a_{{1}}x-\frac{1}{12} \ \ {\frac{\left( 3\, \Omega \, a_{{1}}a_{{8}}\omega _{{2}}\left( 4\, {a_{{11}}} ^{2}\omega _{{3} }+3\, \omega _{{1}}\omega _{{2}}\right) -12\, {a_{{1}}} ^{4}{a_{{11}}} \ \ ^{5}\omega _{{3}}-{a_{{11}}} ^{3}\omega _{{1}}\omega _{{2}}\left( 9\, {a_{{1}}} \ \ ^{4}-2\, {a_{{11}}} ^{2}{a_{{1}}} ^{2}-2\, {a_{{11}}} ^{4}\right) \right) y}{{a_{{ 11}}} ^{5}{\omega _{{2}}} ^{2}a_{{1}}} \ \ }+ \ \ {\frac{\left( -{a_{{1}}} ^{3}{a_{{11}}} \ \ ^{3}+\Omega \, a_{{8}}\omega _{{2}}\right) z}{\omega _{{2}}{a_{{11}}} ^{3}}} \ \ +a_{{5}}} \ \ }\right. \\ &&+\left. \cos \left( xa_{{11}}-\frac{1}{12} \ \ {\frac{a_{{11}}\left( 12\, {a_{{11} }}^{2}\omega _{{3}}+7\, \omega _{{1}}\omega _{{2}}\right) y}{{\omega _{{2}}} \ \ ^{2}}} \ \ + \ \ {\frac{{a_{{11}}} ^{3}z}{\omega _{{2}}} \ \ }+a_{{15}}\right) a_{{11}} \right] . \end{eqnarray}$ $

(5.14)

By selecting suitable values of parameters including

$\begin{eqnarray*} \alpha & = &0.5, a_{3} = 1, a_{4} = a_{9} = \omega _{1} = \omega _{3} = 1.5, a_{5} = 2, a_{8} = 2, \\ a_{10} & = &1, a_{11} = 2, a_{13} = 2.5, a_{14} = 1, a_{15} = 3.2, \omega _{2} = 1.2, \end{eqnarray*}$ $

the graphical representation of cross-kink solution is offered in Figure 7 such as 3D chart and density chart.

Figure 7. The cross-kink wave solution (5.14) at (f1, f2) $ x = -2, y = -2 $, (f3, f4) $ x = 0, y = 0 $, and (f5, f6) $ x = 2, y = 2 $.

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Case VII:

$\begin{eqnarray} \mathbf{f} & = &{\mathrm{e}^{ \ \ {\frac{\Omega a_{{9}}t}{{a_{{11}}} ^{3}}} \ \ +a_{{1} }x-\frac{1}{6}{\ \frac{y\left( -6{a_{{1}}} ^{4}{a_{{11}}} ^{5}\omega _{{3} }-3\, {a_{{1}}} ^{4}{a_{{11}}} ^{3}\omega _{{1}}\omega _{{2}}+2\, {a_{{11}}} \ \ ^{7}\omega _{{1}}\omega _{{2}}+6\, \Omega a_{{1}}a_{{8}}{a_{{11}}} \ \ ^{2}\omega _{{2}}\omega _{{3}}+3\, \Omega \, a_{{1}}a_{{8}}\omega _{{1}}{\ \omega _{{2}}} ^{2}\right) }{{a_{{11}}} ^{5}{\omega _{{2}}} ^{2}a_{{1}}} \ \ }+{\ \frac{\left( -{a_{{1}}} ^{3}{a_{{11}}} ^{3}+\Omega a_{{8}}\omega _{{2} }\right) z}{{a_{{11}}} ^{3}\omega _{{2}}} \ \ }+a_{{5}}} \ \ }+ \\ &&\cosh \left( a_{{9}}t+ya_{{7}}+a_{{8}}z+a_{{10}}\right) + \cos \left( xa_{{\ 11}}-\frac{1}{2} \ \ {\frac{\left( 2{a_{{11}}} ^{2}\omega _{{3}}+\omega _{{1} }\omega _{{2}}\right) a_{{11}}y}{{\omega _{{2}}} ^{2}}} \ \ + \ \ {\frac{{a_{{11}}} ^{3}z }{\omega _{{2}}} \ \ }+a_{{15}}\right), \end{eqnarray}$ $

(5.15)

$ \Omega = \sqrt{-{a_{{1}}} ^{6}-2\, {a_{{1}}} ^{4}{a_{{11}}} ^{2}+{a_{{11}}} ^{6}}. $

Inserting (5.15) into (5.1) and (5.2), the cross-kink solution of Eq (1.8) will be gained as the following:

(5.16)

By selecting suitable values of parameters including

$ \alpha = 0.5, a_1 = 1, a_5 = 1.5, a_8 = 2, a_9 = 0.5, a_{10} = 1.5, a_{15} = 3.2, \omega_1 = 1.5, \omega_2 = 1.2, \omega_3 = 1.5, $

the graphical representation of cross-kink solution is offered in Figure 8 such as 3D chart and density chart.

Figure 8. The lump-periodic solution (5.16) at (f1, f2) $ z = -2 $, (f4, f5) $ z = 0 $, and (f7, f8) $ z = 2 $.

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6. Novel solitary wave solutions

Three function containing exponential, hyperbolic, and triangular periodic waves for Eq (1.8) can be assumed as the following:

$\begin{equation} \textbf{f} = \exp (\tau _{1})+a_{16}\exp (-\tau _{1})+\tanh (\tau _{2})+\tan (\tau _{3})+a_{17}, \ \ \ \tau _{1} = \sum\limits_{i = 1}^{4}a_{i}x_{i}+a_{5}, \ \ \ \tau _{2} = \sum\limits_{i = 6}^{9}a_{i}x_{i-5}+a_{10}, \ \ \ \end{equation}$ $

(6.1)

(6.2)

in which $ a_{i}, i = 1, ..., 17 $ are unfound values. Substituting (6.2) into Eq (1.8) the below consequences will be gained:

Case I:

$\begin{equation} \textbf{f} = {\mathrm{e}^{a_{{4}}t+a_{{1}}x+a_{{2}}y- \ \ {\frac{\left( {a_{{1}}} \ \ ^{3}+a_{{4}}\lambda _{{2}}\right) z}{\omega _{{2}}} \ \ }+a_{{5}}} \ \ }+\tanh \left( ya_{{7}}+a_{{10}}\right) +\tan \left( ya_{{12}}+a_{{15}}\right) +a_{{17}}. \end{equation}$ $

(6.3)

Substituting (6.3) into (6.1) and (6.2), we can capture a solitary wave solution of Eq (1.8) as the following:

$\begin{equation} \Psi _{1} = v_{{0}}+\frac{2\, a_{{1}}{\mathrm{e}^{a_{{4}}t+a_{{1}}x+a_{{2}}y-{ \frac{\left( {a_{{1}}} ^{3}+a_{{4}}\lambda _{{2}}\right) z}{\omega _{{2}}} \ \ } +a_{{5}}} \ \ }}{\mathbf{f}}. \end{equation}$ $

(6.4)

Case II:

$\begin{equation} \textbf{f} = {\mathrm{e}^{a_{{1}}x+a_{{2}}y- \ \ {\frac{{a_{{1}}} ^{3}z}{\omega _{{2} }}} \ \ +a_{{5}}} \ \ }+\tanh \left( ya_{{7}}+a_{{10}}\right) +\tan \left( ya_{{12} }+a_{{15}}\right) +a_{{17}}. \end{equation}$ $

(6.5)

Inserting (6.5) into (6.1) and (6.2), we can capture a solitary wave solution of Eq (1.8) as below:

$\begin{equation} \Psi _{2} = v_{{0}}+\frac{2\, a_{{1}}{\mathrm{e}^{a_{{1}}x+a_{{2}}y- \ \ {\frac{{a_{{ 1}}} ^{3}z}{\omega _{{2}}} \ \ }+a_{{5}}} \ \ }}{\mathbf{f}}. \end{equation}$ $

(6.6)

Case III:

$\begin{equation} \textbf{f} = {\mathrm{e}^{a_{{4}}t+a_{{1}}x+a_{{2}}y- \ \ {\frac{\left( {a_{{1}}} \ \ ^{3}\omega _{{3}}+a_{{4}}\lambda _{{3}}\omega _{{2}}\right) z}{\omega _{{2} }\omega _{{3}}} \ \ }+a_{{5}}} \ \ }+\tanh \left( ta_{{9}}+ya_{{7}}- \ \ {\frac{za_{{9} }\lambda _{{3}}} \ \ {\omega _{{3}}} \ \ }+a_{{10}}\right) +\tan \left( ya_{{12}}+a_{{ 15}}\right) +a_{{17}}. \end{equation}$ $

(6.7)

Putting (6.7) into (6.1) and (6.2), the solitary wave solution of Eq (1.8) can be indicated as below:

$\begin{equation} \Psi _{3} = v_{{0}}+\frac{2\, a_{{1}}{\mathrm{e}^{a_{{4}}t+a_{{1}}x+a_{{2}}y-{ \frac{\left( {a_{{1}}} ^{3}\omega _{{3}}+a_{{4}}\lambda _{{3}}\omega _{{2} }\right) z}{\omega _{{2}}\omega _{{3}}} \ \ }+a_{{5}}} \ \ }}{\mathbf{f}}. \end{equation}$ $

(6.8)

Case IV:

$\begin{equation} \textbf{f} = {\mathrm{e}^{a_{{4}}t+a_{{1}}x+a_{{2}}y+za_{{3}}+a_{{5}}} \ \ }-\tanh \left( \ \ {\frac{ya_{{8}}\omega _{{3}}} \ \ {\omega _{{2}}} \ \ }-za_{{8}}-a_{{10} }\right) -\tan \left( \ \ {\frac{ya_{{13}}\omega _{{3}}} \ \ {\omega _{{2}}} \ \ }-a_{{13} }z-a_{{15}}\right) +a_{{17}}. \end{equation}$ $

(6.9)

Putting (6.9) into (6.1) and (6.2), the solitary wave of Eq (1.8) can be stated as the following:

$\begin{equation} \Psi _{4} = v_{{0}}+\frac{2\, a_{{1}}{\mathrm{e}^{a_{{4}}t+a_{{1}}x+a_{{2} }y+za_{{3}}+a_{{5}}} \ \ }}{\mathbf{f}}. \end{equation}$ $

(6.10)

By selecting the suitable values of parameters including

$\begin{eqnarray*} a_{1} & = &1, a_{2} = 1.5, a_{3} = 2, a_{4} = 2, a_{5} = 1.5, a_{8} = 2, a_{9} = 1.5, a_{10} = 1.5, \\ a_{13} & = &2, a_{13} = 1.1, a_{15} = 3.2, a_{17} = 2, \omega _{2} = -1.5, \end{eqnarray*}$ $

$ \omega _{3} = 1.2, \lambda _{2} = 1, \lambda _{3} = 1.5, x = -2, t = 2, $

with the following components

$\begin{eqnarray*} \alpha & = & \ \ {\frac{{a_{{1}}} ^{3}\omega _{{3}}-a_{{1}}\omega _{{1}}\omega _{{2} }-a_{{2}}{\omega _{{2}}} ^{2}-a_{{3}}\omega _{{2}}\omega _{{3}}+a_{{4} }\lambda _{{2}}\omega _{{3}}-a_{{4}}\lambda _{{3}}\omega _{{2}}} \ \ {\omega _{{2} }{a_{{1}}} ^{3}}} \ \ , \ \ \\ \lambda _{{1}} & = &- \ \ {\frac{{a_{{1}}} ^{3}a_{{2}}\omega _{{2}}+{a_{{1}}} ^{3}a_{{ 3}}\omega _{{3}}+a_{{2}}a_{{4}}\lambda _{{2}}\omega _{{2}}+a_{{3}}a_{{4} }\lambda _{{2}}\omega _{{3}}} \ \ {a_{{1}}a_{{4}}\omega _{{2}}} }, \end{eqnarray*}$ $

the graphical representation of rational solitary solution is offered in Figure 9 such as 3D chart and density chart.

Figure 9. The rational solitary wave solution (6.10) at (f1) $ z = 0 $, (f2) $ z = 1 $, and (f3) $ z = 3 $.

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Case V:

$\begin{equation} \ f = {\mathrm{e}^{a_{{1}}x- \ \ {\frac{a_{{3}}\omega _{{3}}y}{\omega _{{2}}} \ \ }+za_{{3}}+a_{{5}}} \ \ }-\tanh \left( \ \ {\frac{ya_{{8}}\omega _{{3}}} \ \ {\omega _{{2}} }}-za_{{8}}-a_{{10}}\right) -\tan \left( \ \ {\frac{ya_{{13}}\omega _{{3}}} \ \ { \omega _{{2}}} \ \ }-a_{{13}}z-a_{{15}}\right) +a_{{17}}. \end{equation}$ $

(6.11)

Incorporating (6.11) into (6.1) and (6.2), the solitary solution of Eq (1.8) will be gained as below:

$\begin{equation} \Psi _{5} = v_{{0}}+\frac{2\, a_{{1}}{\mathrm{e}^{a_{{1}}x- \ \ {\frac{a_{{3}}\omega _{{3}}y}{\omega _{{2}}} \ \ }+za_{{3}}+a_{{5}}} \ \ }}{\mathbf{f}}, \ \ \alpha = \ \ {\frac{{ a_{{1}}} ^{2}\omega _{{3}}-\omega _{{1}}\omega _{{2}}} \ \ {{a_{{1}}} ^{2}\omega _{{ 2}}} \ \ }. \end{equation}$ $

(6.12)

Case VI:

$\begin{equation} \mathbf{f} = {\mathrm{e}^{a_{{4}}t+a_{{1}}x- \ \ {\frac{\left( a_{{3}}\omega _{{3} }+a_{{4}}\lambda _{{3}}\right) y}{\omega _{{2}}} \ \ }+za_{{3}}+a_{{5}}} \ \ }+\tanh \left( ta_{{9}}- \ \ {\frac{y\left( a_{{8}}\omega _{{3}}+a_{{9}}\lambda _{{3} }\right) }{\omega _{{2}}} \ \ }+za_{{8}}+a_{{10}}\right) -\tan \left( {\ \frac{ ya_{{13}}\omega _{{3}}} \ \ {\omega _{{2}}} \ \ }-a_{{13}}z-a_{{15}}\right) +a_{{17}}. \end{equation}$ $

(6.13)

Appending (6.13) into (6.1) and (6.2), the solitary solution of Eq (1.8) can be written as the following:

$\begin{equation} \Psi _{6} = v_{{0}}+\frac{2\, a_{{1}}{\mathrm{e}^{a_{{4}}t+a_{{1}}x- \ \ {\frac{ \left( a_{{3}}\omega _{{\ 3}}+a_{{4}}\lambda _{{3}}\right) y}{\omega _{{2}}} \ \ } +za_{{3}}+a_{{5}}} \ \ }}{\mathbf{f}}, \ \ \alpha = \ \ {\frac{{a_{{1}}} ^{2}\omega _{{3} }-\omega _{{1}}\omega _{{2}}} \ \ {{a_{{1}}} ^{2}\omega _{{2}}} \ \ }. \end{equation}$ $

(6.14)

Case VII:

$\begin{equation} \mathbf{f} = {\mathrm{e}^{a_{{4}}t+a_{{1}}x- \ \ {\frac{a_{{3}}\omega _{{3}}y}{ \omega _{{2}}} \ \ }+za_{{3}}+a_{{5}}} \ \ }+\tanh \left( ta_{{9}}- \ \ {\frac{ya_{{8} }\omega _{{3}}} \ \ {\omega _{{2}}} \ \ }+za_{{8}}+a_{{10}}\right) -\tan \left( \ \ {\frac{ ya_{{13}}\omega _{{3}}} \ \ {\omega _{{2}}} \ \ }-a_{{13}}z-a_{{15}}\right) +a_{{17}}. \end{equation}$ $

(6.15)

Appending (6.15) into (6.1) and (6.2), the solitary solution of Eq (1.8) will be obtained as below:

$\begin{equation} \Psi _{7} = v_{{0}}+\frac{2\, a_{{1}}{\mathrm{e}^{a_{{4}}t+a_{{1}}x- \ \ {\frac{a_{{3 }}\omega _{{3}}y}{\omega _{{2}}} \ \ }+za_{{3}}+a_{{5}}} \ \ }}{\mathbf{f}}, \ \ \alpha = \ \ {\frac{{a_{{1}}} ^{2}\omega _{{3}}-\omega _{{1}}\omega _{{2}}} \ \ {{a_{{1}}} \ \ ^{2}\omega _{{2}}} }, \ \ \lambda _{{2}} = \ \ {\frac{\lambda _{{3}}\omega _{{2}}} \ \ { \omega _{{3}}} \ \ }. \end{equation}$ $

(6.16)

By choosing the specific amounts of parameters including

$\begin{eqnarray*} a_{1} & = &1, a_{2} = 1.5, a_{3} = 2, a_{4} = 2, a_{5} = 1.5, a_{8} = 2, a_{9} = 1.3, a_{10} = 1.5, \\ a_{13} & = &2, a_{13} = 2, a_{15} = 3.2, a_{17} = 2, \omega _{2} = -1.5, \\ \omega _{3} & = &1.2, \lambda _{2} = 1, \lambda _{3} = 1.5, x = -2, t = 2, \end{eqnarray*}$ $

the graphical representation of rational solitary solution is offered in Figure 10 such as 3D chart and density chart.

Figure 10. The rational solitary wave solution (6.16) at (f1) $ z = 0 $, (f2) $ z = 1 $, and (f3) $ z = 3 $.

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Case VIII:

$\begin{equation} \mathbf{f} = {\mathrm{e}^{a_{{4}}t+a_{{1}}x+a_{{2}}y- \ \ {\frac { \left( {a_{{1}}} \ \ ^{3}a_{{\ 14}}-a_{{4}}a_{{13}}\omega_{{2}} \right) z}{a_{{14}}\omega_{{2}}} \ \ } +a_{ {5}}} \ \ }+\tanh \left( ta_{{9}}+ya_{{7}}+ \ \ {\frac {za_{{9}}a_{{13}}} \ \ {a_{{14 } }}} \ \ +a_{{10}} \right) +\tan \left( ta_{{14}}+ya_{{12}}+a_{{13}}z+a_{{\ 15}} \right) +a_{{17}} . \end{equation}$ $

(6.17)

Incorporating (6.17) into (6.1) and (6.2), the solitary solution of Eq (1.8) will be received as below:

$\begin{equation} \Psi_8 = v_{{0}}+\frac{2\, a_{{1}}{\mathrm{e}^{a_{{4}}t+a_{{1}}x+a_{{2}}y-{ \frac { \left( {a_{{1} }}^{3}a_{{14}}-a_{{4}}a_{{13}}\omega_{{2}} \right) z}{ a_{{14}}\omega_{ {2}}} \ \ }+a_{{5}}} \ \ } }{\mathbf{f}}, \ \ \alpha = \ \ {\frac {{a_{{1}}} \ \ ^{2}\omega_{{3}}-\omega_{{1}}\omega_{{2}}} \ \ {{a_ {{1}}} ^{2}\omega_{{2}}} }, \ \ \lambda_{{2}} = - \ \ {\frac {a_{{13}}\omega_{{2}}} \ \ {a_{{14}}} }, \ \ \lambda_{{3}} = -{ \frac {a_{{13}}\omega_{{3}}} \ \ {a_{{14}}} \ \ }. \end{equation}$ $

(6.18)

Case IX:

$\begin{eqnarray} \mathbf{f} & = &{\mathrm{e}^{a_{{4}}t+a_{{1}}x- \ \ {\frac{\left( a_{{3}}a_{{14} }\omega _{{3}}-a_{{4}}a_{{12}}\omega _{{2}}-a_{{4}}a_{{13}}\omega _{{3} }\right) y}{a_{{14}}\omega _{{2}}} \ \ }+a_{{3}}z+a_{{5}}} \ \ } \end{eqnarray}$ $

(6.19)

$\begin{eqnarray} &&+\tanh \left( ta_{{9}}- \ \ {\frac{y\left( a_{{8}}a_{{14}}\omega _{{3}}-a_{{9}}a_{{12}}\omega _{{2}}-a_{{ \ 9}}a_{{13}}\omega _{{3}}\right) }{a_{{14}}\omega _{{2}}} \ \ }+za_{{8}}+a_{{\ 10 }}\right) \end{eqnarray}$ $

(6.20)

$\begin{eqnarray} &&+\tan \left( ta_{{14}}+ya_{{12}}+za_{{13}}+a_{{15}}\right) +a_{{17}}. \end{eqnarray}$ $

(6.21)

Appending (6.21) into (6.1) and (6.2), the solitary solution of Eq (1.8) can be reached as below:

$\begin{equation} \Psi _{9} = v_{{0}}+\frac{2a_{{1}}{\mathrm{e}^{a_{{4}}t+a_{{1}}x- \ \ {\frac{\left( a_{{3}}a_{{14}}\omega _{{3}}-a_{{4}}a_{{12}}\omega _{{2}}-a_{{4}}a_{{13} }\omega _{{3}}\right) y}{a_{{14}}\omega _{{2}}} \ \ }+a_{{3}}z+a_{{5}}} \ \ }}{\mathbf{ f}}, \ \alpha = \ \ {\frac{{a_{{1}}} ^{2}\omega _{{3}}-\omega _{{1}}\omega _{{2}}} \ \ {{ a_{{1}}} ^{2}\omega _{{2}}} }, \ \end{equation}$ $

(6.22)

$ \lambda _{{1}} = - \ \ {\frac{{a_{{1}}} ^{2}\left( a_{{12}}\omega _{{2}}+a_{{\ 13} }\omega _{{3}}\right) }{a_{{14}}\omega _{{2}}} }, \ \lambda _{{3}} = - \ \ {\frac{a_{{ 12}}\omega _{{2}}+a_{{13}}\omega _{{3}}} \ \ {a_{{\ 14}}} \ \ }. $

Case X:

$\begin{equation} \mathbf{f} = {\mathrm{e}^{a_{{4}}t+a_{{1}}x- \ \ {\frac {a_{{3}}\omega_{{3}}y}{ \omega_{{2}} }}+a_{{3}}z+a_{{5}}} \ \ }+\tanh \left( - \ \ {\frac {ya_{{8}}\omega_{{3}} }{ \omega_{{2}}} \ \ }+za_{{8}}+a_{{10}} \right) +\tan \left( ta_{{14}}-{\ \frac { ya_{{13}}\omega_{{3}}} \ \ {\omega_{{2}}} \ \ }+za_{{13}}+a_{{15}} \right) +a_{{17}}. \end{equation}$ $

(6.23)

Inserting (6.21) into (6.1) and (6.2), the solitary solution of Eq (1.8) will be gained as below form:

$\begin{equation} \Psi_{10} = v_{{0}}+\frac{2\, a_{{1}}{\mathrm{e}^{a_{{4}}t+a_{{1}}x- \ \ {\frac {a_{{ 3}}\omega_{{3}}y}{ \omega_{{2}}} \ \ }+a_{{3}}z+a_{{5}}} \ \ } }{\mathbf{f}}, \ \alpha = { \frac {{a_{{1}}} ^{2}\omega_{{3}}-\omega_{{1}}\omega_{{2}}} \ \ {{a_ {{1}}} \ \ ^{2}\omega_{{2}}} \ \ } , \ \lambda_{{2}} = \ \ {\frac {\lambda_{{3}}\omega_{{2}}} \ \ { \omega_{{3}}} \ \ }. \end{equation}$ $

(6.24)

By choosing the specific amounts of parameters including

$\begin{eqnarray*} a_{1} & = &1, a_{3} = 1.5, a_{4} = 2, a_{5} = 1.5, a_{7} = 2, a_{8} = 2, a_{9} = 2.1, \\ a_{10} & = &1.5, a_{13} = 2, a_{13} = 2, a_{14} = 2.5, a_{15} = 3.2, \\ a_{17} & = &2, \omega _{2} = -1.5, \omega _{3} = 1.2, \lambda _{3} = 1.5, x = -2, t = 2, \end{eqnarray*}$ $

the graphical representation of rational solitary solution is offered in Figure 11 such as 3D chart and density chart.

Figure 11. The rational solitary wave solution (6.24) at (f1) $ z = -2 $, (f2) $ z = 0 $, and (f3) $ z = 2 $.

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Case XI:

$\begin{equation} \mathbf{f} = {\mathrm{e}^{a_{{4}}t+a_{{1}}x+a_{{2}}y- \ \ {\frac{\left( {a_{{1}}} \ \ ^{3}a_{{\ 14}}-a_{{4}}a_{{13}}\omega _{{2}}\right) z}{a_{{14}}\omega _{{2}}} \ \ } +a_{{5}}} \ \ }+\tanh \left( \ \ {\frac{ta_{{14}}a_{{8}}} \ \ {a_{{13}}} \ \ }+ya_{{7}}+za_{{8} }+a_{{10}}\right) +\tan \left( ta_{{14}}+za_{{13}}+a_{{15}}\right) +a_{{17}}. \end{equation}$ $

(6.25)

Inserting (6.25) into (6.1) and (6.2), the solitary solution of Eq (1.8) can be stated as below case:

$\begin{equation} \Psi _{11} = v_{{0}}+\frac{2a_{{1}}{\mathrm{e}^{a_{{4}}t+a_{{1}}x+a_{{2}}y-{ \frac{\left( {a_{{1}}} ^{3}a_{{14}}-a_{{4}}a_{{13}}\omega _{{2}}\right) z}{a_{ {14}}\omega _{{2}}} \ \ }+a_{{5}}} \ \ }}{\mathbf{f}}, \ \alpha = - \ \ {\frac{{a_{{1}}} \ \ ^{3}a_{{2}}+a_{{1}}a_{{3}}\omega _{{1}}+a_{{2}}a_{{3}}\omega _{{2}}+{a_{{3}}} \ \ ^{2}\omega _{{3}}} \ \ {{a_{{1}}} ^{3}a_{{3}}} }, \end{equation}$ $

(6.26)

$\begin{eqnarray*} \lambda _{{1}} & = & \ \ {\frac{{a_{{1}}} ^{3}a_{{2}}a_{{12}}a_{{13}}-{a_{{1}}} \ \ ^{3}a_{{3}}{a_{{12}}} ^{2}+a_{{2}}a_{{3}}a_{{12}}a_{{13}}\omega _{{2}}+a_{{2} }a_{{3}}{a_{{13}}} ^{2}\omega _{{3}}+a_{{2}}a_{{3}}a_{{13}}a_{{14}}\lambda _{{ 3}}} \ \ {a_{{3}}a_{{12}}a_{{1}}a_{{14}}} \ \ } \\ &&+\frac{-{a_{{3}}} ^{2}{a_{{12}}} ^{2}\omega _{{2}}-{a_{{3}}} ^{2}a_{{12}}a_{{ 13}}\omega _{{3}}-{a_{{3}}} ^{2}a_{{12}}a_{{14}}\lambda _{{3}}} \ \ {a_{{3}}a_{{12} }a_{{1}}a_{{14}}} \ \ , \end{eqnarray*}$ $

$ \lambda _{{2}} = - \ \ {\frac{a_{{13}}\left( a_{{12}}\omega _{{2}}+a_{{13}}\omega _{ {3}}+a_{{14}}\lambda _{{3}}\right) }{a_{{12}}a_{{14}}} \ \ }. $

Case XII:

$\begin{equation} \mathbf{f} = {\mathrm{e}^{a_{{4}}t+a_{{1}}x- \ \ {\frac{a_{{3}}\omega _{{3}}y}{ \omega _{{2}}} \ \ }+a_{{3}}z+a_{{5}}} \ \ }+\tanh \left( ta_{{9}}+ya_{{7}}- \ \ {\frac{za_{ {7}}\omega _{{2}}} \ \ {\omega _{{3}}} \ \ }+a_{{10}}\right) +\tan \left( ta_{{14}}-{\ \frac{ya_{{13}}\omega _{{3}}} \ \ {\omega _{{2}}} \ \ }+za_{{13}}+a_{{15}}\right) +a_{{ 17}}. \end{equation}$ $

(6.27)

Inserting (6.27) into (6.1) and (6.2), the solitary solution of Eq (1.8) will be gained as below form:

$\begin{equation} \Psi _{12} = v_{{0}}+\frac{2a_{{1}}{\mathrm{e}^{a_{{4}}t+a_{{1}}x- \ \ {\frac{a_{{3} }\omega _{{3}}y}{\omega _{{2}}} \ \ }+a_{{3}}z+a_{{5}}} \ \ }}{\mathbf{f}}, \ \alpha = -{ \frac{{a_{{1}}} ^{3}a_{{2}}+a_{{1}}a_{{3}}\omega _{{1}}+a_{{2}}a_{{3}}\omega _{{2}}+{a_{{3}}} ^{2}\omega _{{3}}} \ \ {{a_{{1}}} ^{3}a_{{3}}} }, \end{equation}$ $

(6.28)

$ \lambda _{{2}} = - \ \ {\frac{a_{{13}}\left( a_{{12}}\omega _{{2}}+a_{{13}}\omega _{ {3}}+a_{{14}}\lambda _{{3}}\right) }{a_{{12}}a_{{14}}} \ \ }. $

7. Stability analysis of Eq (1.8)

In the current section, we will analyze the continuous modulational instability of the nonlinear generalized KP equation. In addition, the feasibility of the localized waves in the present system is certified by linear stability analysis. First, we search the perturbed solution for the giving Eq (1.8) of the form

$\begin{equation} \Psi(x, y, z, t) = \zeta+\delta\ \Theta, \end{equation}$ $

(7.1)

where $ \Theta = \Theta(x, y, z, t) $ and $ \zeta $ is a steady state solution. Inserting (7.1) into Eq (1.8), become

$\begin{equation} \delta\, \ \ {\frac {\partial ^{4}}{\partial {x}^{3}\partial y}}\Theta +\alpha\, \delta\, \ \ {\frac {\partial ^{4}}{\partial {x}^{3} \partial z}}\Theta +3\, {\delta}^{2} \left( \ \ {\frac { \partial ^{2}}{\partial {x}^{2}}} \ \ \Theta \right) {\ \frac {\partial }{\partial y}}\Theta + 3\, {\delta}^{2 } \left( { \frac {\partial }{\partial x}}\Theta \right) \ \ {\frac {\partial ^{2}}{\partial x\partial y}}\Theta +3\, \alpha\, {\delta}^{2} \left( \ \ {\frac {\partial ^{2}}{ \partial {x}^{2}}} \ \ \Theta \right) \ \ {\frac {\partial } {\partial z}}\Theta + \end{equation}$ $

(7.2)

$ 3\, \alpha\, {\delta}^{2} \left( \ \ {\frac {\partial }{\partial x}}\Theta \right) {\ \frac {\partial ^{2}}{\partial x\partial z}}\Theta + \lambda_{{1}}\delta\, \ \ {\frac {\partial ^{2}}{\partial t\partial x}}\Theta +\lambda_{{2}}\delta\, { \frac {\partial ^{2}}{ \partial t\partial y}}\Theta + \lambda_{{3}}\delta\, { \ \frac {\partial ^{2}}{\partial t\partial z}}\Theta + \omega_{{1}}\delta\, { \frac {\partial ^{2}}{\partial x\partial z}}\Theta +\omega_{{2}}\delta\, { \frac {\partial ^{2}}{ \partial y\partial z}}\Theta +\omega_{{3}}\delta\, {\ \frac {\partial ^{2}}{\partial {z}^{2}}} \ \ \Theta = 0, $

by linerization Eq (7.2), one gets

$\begin{equation} \delta \ \ {\frac {\partial ^{4}}{\partial {x}^{3}\partial y}}\Theta +\alpha\delta \ \ {\frac {\partial ^{4}}{\partial {x}^{3} \partial z}}\Theta +\lambda_{{1} }\delta \ \ {\frac { \partial ^{2}}{\partial t\partial x}}\Theta + \lambda _{{2} }\delta \ \ {\frac {\partial ^{2}}{\partial t\partial y}}\Theta +\lambda_{{3} }\delta \ \ {\frac {\partial ^{2}}{\partial t \partial z}}\Theta +\omega_{{1} }\delta \ \ {\frac { \partial ^{2}}{\partial x\partial z}}\Theta +\omega_ {{2} }\delta \ \ {\frac {\partial ^{2}}{\partial y\partial z}}\Theta +\omega_{{3} }\delta \ \ {\frac {\partial ^{2}}{\partial {z}^ {2}}} \ \ \Theta = 0. \end{equation}$ $

(7.3)

Theorem 7.1. Assume that the solution of Eq (7.3) has the following case as

$\begin{equation} \Theta(x, y, z, t) = \rho_1\ e^{i(Mx+Ny+Pz+Bt)}, \end{equation}$ $

(7.4)

in which $ M, N, P $ are the normalized wave numbers, by plugging (7.4) into Eq (7.3), separation the coefficients of $ e^{i(Mx+Ny+Pz+Wt)} $ one gets

$\begin{equation} B(M, N, P) = \ \ {\frac {{M}^{3}P\alpha+{M}^{3}N-MP\omega_{{1}}-NP\omega_{{2}}-{P} ^{2} \omega_{{3}}} \ \ {M\lambda_{{1}}+N\lambda_{{2}}+P\lambda_{{3}}} \ \ }. \end{equation}$ $

(7.5)

Proof. By putting (7.4) into (7.3), becomes

$\begin{equation} \delta\, \ \ {\frac {\partial ^{4}}{\partial {x}^{3}\partial y}}\overline{\Theta} +\alpha\, \delta\, \ \ {\frac {\partial ^{4}}{\partial {x}^{3} \partial z}} \overline{\Theta} +\lambda_{{1}}\delta\, \ \ {\frac { \partial ^{2}}{\partial t\partial x}}\overline{\Theta} + \lambda _{{2}}\delta\, \ \ {\frac {\partial ^{2} }{\partial t\partial y}}\overline{\Phi} +\lambda_{{3}}\delta\, \ \ {\frac { \partial ^{2}}{\partial t \partial z}}\overline{\Theta} +\omega_{{1}}\delta\, \ \ {\frac { \partial ^{2}}{\partial x\partial z}}\overline{\Theta} +\omega_ {{2} }\delta\, \ \ {\frac {\partial ^{2}}{\partial y\partial z}}\overline{\Theta} +\omega_{{3}}\delta\, \ \ {\frac {\partial ^{2}}{\partial {z}^ {2}}} \ \ \overline{ \Theta} \end{equation}$ $

(7.6)

$ = {\mathrm{e}^{i \left( Mx+Ny+Pz+Bt \right) }}\delta\, \rho_{{1}} \left( {M} ^{3}P\alpha+{M}^{3}N-MP\omega_{{1}}-MB\lambda_{{1}}-NP\omega_{{2}}-NB \lambda_{{2}}-{P}^{2}\omega_{{3}}-PB\lambda_{{3}} \right), $

in which $ \overline{\Theta} = \Theta(x, y, z, t) $. By solving and simplifying we can determine the function of $ B(M, N, P) $ as the following

$\begin{equation} B(M, N, P) = \ \ {\frac {{M}^{3}P\alpha+{M}^{3}N-MP\omega_{{1}}-NP\omega_{{2}}-{P} ^{2} \omega_{{3}}} \ \ {M\lambda_{{1}}+N\lambda_{{2}}+P\lambda_{{3}}} \ \ }. \end{equation}$ $

(7.7)

Accordingly, the considered solution was obtained. Thereupon the proof is perfect.

It is easy to notice that modulation stability occurs when $ M\lambda_{{1} }+N\lambda_{{2}}+P\lambda_{{3}}\neq0 $. So, the modulation stability achieve spectrum $ \Upsilon(B) $ will be as below form:

$\begin{equation} \Upsilon(B) = \ \ {\frac {{M}^{3}P\alpha+{M}^{3}N-MP\omega_{{1}}-NP\omega_{{2}}-{P} ^{2} \omega_{{3}}} \ \ {M\lambda_{{1}}+N\lambda_{{2}}+P\lambda_{{3}}} \ \ }. \end{equation}$ $

(7.8)

In Figures 12-14 can be discovered that while the sign of $ B(M, N, P) $ is positive for all quantity of $ M $. Furthermore, in Figure 12 can be observed if the $ B(M, N, P) $ is positive or negative for some quantities of $ M $. Finally, in Figure 13 and 14 can be perceived that while the sign of $ B(M, N, P) $ is positive for all quantity of $ M $.

Figure 12. The graphic representation $ \Upsilon(B) $ for the wave number $ M $ via considering the diverse quantities $ \lambda_1 = 1, \lambda_2 = 1.5, \lambda_3 = 2, \omega_1 = 2.2, \omega_2 = -2, \omega_3 = 3, \alpha = 0.5 $.

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Figure 13. The graphic representation $ \Upsilon(B) $ for the wave number $ M $ via considering the diverse quantities $ \lambda_1 = 1, \lambda_2 = 1.5, \lambda_3 = 2, \omega_1 = 2.2, \omega_2 = -2, \omega_3 = 3, \alpha = 0.5 $.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

Figure 14. The graphic representation $ \Upsilon(B) $ for the wave number $ M $ via considering the diverse quantities $ \lambda_1 = 1, \lambda_2 = 1.5, \lambda_3 = 2, \omega_1 = 2.2, \omega_2 = -2, \omega_3 = 3, \alpha = 0.5 $.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

8. Usage of SIVP for Eq (1.8)

Via employing the wave alteration $ \xi = k(x+ay+bz-ct) $ in Eq (1.8) once can gain to the below ODE as

$\begin{equation} k^2(\alpha b+a)\Psi^{\prime \prime \prime \prime }+6k(\alpha b+a)\Psi^{\prime }\Psi^{\prime \prime }+(ab\omega_{{2}}-ac\lambda_{{2}}+{b} ^{2}\omega_{{3}}-bc\lambda_{{3}}+b \omega_{{1}}-c\lambda_{{1}} )\Psi^{\prime \prime } = 0, \end{equation}$ $

(8.1)

in which $ \Psi = \Psi(\xi) $ and $ \Psi^{\prime } = \frac{d\Psi}{d \xi} $. According to the SIVP ^[16,17] and by multiplying Eq (8.1) with $ \Psi^{\prime } $ and integrating once respect to $ \xi $, the following stationary integral will be arises

$\begin{equation} J = \int_{0}^{\infty}\left[A_1\left(\Psi^{\prime }\Psi^{\prime \prime \prime }- \frac{1}{2}(\Psi^{\prime \prime 2}\right)+\frac{1}{3}A_2(\Psi^{\prime 3}+ \frac{1}{2}A_3(\Psi^{\prime 2}\right]d\xi, \end{equation}$ $

(8.2)

in which

$ A_1 = k^2(\alpha b+a), \ \ \ A_2 = 6k(\alpha b+a), \ \ \ A_3 = ab\omega_{{2} }-ac\lambda_{{2}}+{b}^{2}\omega_{{3}}-bc\lambda_{{3}}+b \omega_{{1} }-c\lambda_{{1}}. $

8.1. Case I

We utilize the solitary wave function as the following

$\begin{equation} u(\xi ) = \delta \ sech(\mu \xi ). \end{equation}$ $

(8.3)

Hence, the stationary integral transforms to

$\begin{eqnarray} J & = &\frac{1}{30}{k}^{2}{\delta }^{2}\mu \, -21\, \alpha \, b{k}^{2}{\mu } ^{2}-21\, a{k}^{2}{\mu }^{2}-8\, \alpha \, b\delta \, k\mu -8\, a\delta \, k\mu +5\, ab\omega _{{2}} \\ &&-5\, ac\lambda _{{2}}+5\, {b}^{2}\omega _{{3}}-5\, bc\lambda _{{\ 3} }+5\, b\omega _{{1}}-5\, c\lambda _{{1}}). \end{eqnarray}$ $

(8.4)

Based on the SIVP and using derivative $ J $ respect to $ A $ and $ B $, one get

$\begin{eqnarray} \frac{\partial J}{\partial A} & = &\frac{1}{15}{k}^{2}\delta \, \mu \, -21\, \alpha \, b{k}^{2}{\mu }^{2}-21\, a{k}^{2}{\mu }^{2}-8\, \alpha \, b\delta \, k\mu -8\, a\delta \, k\mu +5\, ab\omega _{{2}}-5\, ac\lambda _{{2}} \\ &&+5\, {b}^{2}\omega _{{3}}-5\, bc\lambda _{{3}}+5\, b\omega _{{1}}-5\, c\lambda _{{1}})+\frac{1}{30}{k}^{2}{\delta }^{2}\mu \, \left( -8\, \alpha \, bk\mu -8\, ak\mu \right) = 0, \end{eqnarray}$ $

(8.5)

and

$\begin{eqnarray} \frac{\partial J}{\partial B} & = &\frac{1}{30}{k}^{2}{\delta }^{2}-21\, \alpha \, b{k}^{2}{\mu }^{2}-21\, a{\ k}^{2}{\mu }^{2}-8\, \alpha \, b\delta \, k\mu -8\, a\delta \, k\mu +5\, ab\omega _{{2}}-5\, ac\lambda _{{2}}+5\, {b}^{2}\omega _{{3}} \\ &&-5\, bc\lambda _{{3}}+5\, b\omega _{{1}}-5\, c\lambda _{{1}})+\frac{1}{30}{k} ^{2}{\delta }^{2}\mu \, \left( -42\, \alpha \, b{k}^{2}\mu -42\, a{k}^{2}\mu -8\, \alpha \, b\delta \, k-8\, a\delta \, k\right) = 0. \end{eqnarray}$ $

(8.6)

Solve the Eqs (8.5) and (8.6), become

$\begin{equation} \delta = \pm \frac{21}{2} \ \ {\frac{ab\omega _{{2}}-ac\lambda _{{2}}+{b} ^{2}\omega _{{3}}-bc\lambda _{{3}}+b\omega _{{1}}-c\lambda _{{1}}} \ \ {\sqrt{ -\left( 21\, \alpha \, b+21\, a\right) \left( ab\omega _{{2}}-ac\lambda _{{2}}+{ b}^{2}\omega _{{3}}-bc\lambda _{{3}}+b\omega _{{1}}-c\lambda _{{1}}\right) }} }, \ \ \ \end{equation}$ $

(8.7)

$ \mu = \pm \frac{1}{21} \ \ {\frac{\sqrt{-\left( 21\, \alpha \, b+21\, a\right) \left( ab\omega _{{2}}-ac\lambda _{{2}}+{b}^{2}\omega _{{3}}-bc\lambda _{{3} }+b\omega _{{1}}-c\lambda _{{1}}\right) }}{\left( \alpha \, b+a\right) k}}. $

The condition can be obtained as below

$\begin{equation} \left( \alpha \, b+a\right) \left( ab\omega _{{2}}-ac\lambda _{{2}}+{b} ^{2}\omega _{{3}}-bc\lambda _{{3}}+b\omega _{{1}}-c\lambda _{{1}}\right) < 0. \end{equation}$ $

(8.8)

Finally, the solitary solution received by utilizing of SIVP can be reached as

$\begin{equation} \Psi (x, y, z, t) = \delta \ \mathrm{sech}\left[ k\mu (x+ay+bz-ct)\right] . \end{equation}$ $

(8.9)

8.2. Case II

We utilize the bright wave function as the following

$\begin{equation} u(\xi ) = \delta \ \mathrm{sech}^{2}(\mu \xi ). \end{equation}$ $

(8.10)

Hence, the stationary integral transforms to

$\begin{eqnarray} J & = &- \ \ {\frac{2\, {\delta }^{2}\mu (120\, \alpha \, b{k}^{2}{\mu }^{2}+120\, a{k} ^{2}{\mu }^{2}+35\, \alpha \, b\delta \, k\mu +35\, a\delta \, k\mu -14\, ab\omega _{{2}}} \ \ {105}} \\ &&+\frac{14\, ac\lambda _{{2}}-14\, {b}^{2}\omega _{{3}}+14\, bc\lambda _{{3} }-14\, b\omega _{{1}}+14\, c\lambda _{{1}})}{105}. \end{eqnarray}$ $

(8.11)

Based on the SIVP and using derivative $ J $ respect to $ A $ and $ B $, one get

$\begin{eqnarray} \frac{\partial J}{\partial A} & = &- \ \ {\frac{4\, \delta \, \mu (120\, \alpha \, b{k} ^{2}{\mu }^{2}+120\, a{k}^{2}{\mu }^{2}+35\, \alpha \, b\delta \, k\mu +35\, a\delta \, k\mu -14\, ab\omega _{{2}}+14\, ac\lambda _{{2}}} \ \ {105}} \\ &&+\frac{-14\, {b}^{2}\omega _{{3}}+14\, bc\lambda _{{3}}-14\, b\omega _{{1} }+14\, c\lambda _{{1}})-2\, {\delta }^{2}\mu \, \left( 35\, \alpha \, bk\mu +35\, ak\mu \right) }{105} = 0. \end{eqnarray}$ $

(8.12)

and

$\begin{eqnarray} \frac{\partial J}{\partial B} & = &- \ \ {\frac{2\, {\delta }^{2}(120\, \alpha \, b{k} ^{2}{\mu }^{2}+120\, a{\ k}^{2}{\mu }^{2}+35\, \alpha \, b\delta \, k\mu +35\, a\delta \, k\mu -14\, ab\omega _{{2}}+14\, ac\lambda _{{2}}-14\, {b} ^{2}\omega _{{3}}} \ \ {105}} \\ &&+\frac{+14\, bc\lambda _{{3}}-14\, b\omega _{{1}}+14\, c\lambda _{{1}})-2\, { \delta }^{2}\mu \, \left( 240\, \alpha \, b{k}^{2}\mu +240\, a{k}^{2}\mu +35\, \alpha \, b\delta \, k+35\, a\delta \, k\right) }{105} = 0. \end{eqnarray}$ $

(8.13)

Solve the Eqs (8.12) and (8.13), become

$\begin{equation} \delta = \pm \frac{48}{5} \ \ {\frac{ab\omega _{{2}}-ac\lambda _{{2}}+{b} ^{2}\omega _{{3}}-bc\lambda _{{3}}+b\omega _{{1}}-c\lambda _{{1}}} \ \ {\sqrt{ -\left( 21\, \alpha \, b+21\, a\right) \left( ab\omega _{{2}}-ac\lambda _{{2}}+{ b}^{2}\omega _{{3}}-bc\lambda _{{3}}+b\omega _{{1}}-c\lambda _{{1}}\right) }} }, \ \ \ \end{equation}$ $

(8.14)

$ \mu = \pm \frac{1}{30} \ \ {\frac{\sqrt{-\left( 21\, \alpha \, b+21\, a\right) \left( ab\omega _{{2}}-ac\lambda _{{2}}+{b}^{2}\omega _{{3}}-bc\lambda _{{3} }+b\omega _{{1}}-c\lambda _{{1}}\right) }}{\left( \alpha \, b+a\right) k}}. $

The condition of definition of the above relations can be expressed as

$\begin{equation} \left( \alpha \, b+a\right) \left( ab\omega _{{2}}-ac\lambda _{{2}}+{b} ^{2}\omega _{{3}}-bc\lambda _{{3}}+b\omega _{{1}}-c\lambda _{{1}}\right) < 0. \end{equation}$ $

(8.15)

Finally, the solitary solution gained by utilizing of SIVP will be as

$\begin{equation} \Psi (x, y, z, t) = \delta \ \mathrm{sech}^{2}\left[ k\mu (x+ay+bz-ct)\right] . \end{equation}$ $

(8.16)

8.3. Case III

Assume the dark soliton wave solution be as the below case as

$\begin{equation} u(\xi ) = \delta \ \tanh ^{2}(\mu \xi ). \end{equation}$ $

(8.17)

Hence, the stationary integral transforms to

$\begin{eqnarray} J & = & \ \ {\frac{2\, {\delta }^{2}\mu (-120\, \alpha \, b{k}^{2}{\mu }^{2}-120\, a{k} ^{2}{\mu }^{2}+35\, \alpha \, b\delta \, k\mu +35\, a\delta \, k\mu +14\, ab\omega _{{2}}} \ \ {105}} \\ &&+\frac{-14\, ac\lambda _{{2}}+14\, {b}^{2}\omega _{{3}}-14\, bc\lambda _{{3} }+14\, b\omega _{{1}}-14\, c\lambda _{{1}})}{105}. \end{eqnarray}$ $

(8.18)

Based on the SIVP and using derivative $ J $ respect to $ A $ and $ B $, one get

$\begin{eqnarray} \frac{\partial J}{\partial \delta } & = & \ \ {\frac{4\, \delta \, \mu (-120\, \alpha \, b{k}^{2}{\mu }^{2}-120\, a{k}^{2}{\mu }^{2}+35\, \alpha \, b\delta \, k\mu +35\, a\delta \, k\mu +14\, ab\omega _{{2}}-14\, ac\lambda _{{2}}} \ \ {105}} \\ &&+\frac{+14\, {b}^{2}\omega _{{3}}-14\, bc\lambda _{{3}}+14\, b\omega _{{1} }-14\, c\lambda _{{1}})+2\, {\delta }^{2}\mu \, \left( 35\, \alpha \, bk\mu +35\, ak\mu \right) }{105} = 0, \end{eqnarray}$ $

(8.19)

and

$\begin{eqnarray} \frac{\partial J}{\partial \mu } & = & \ \ {\frac{2\, {\delta }^{2}(-120\, \alpha \, b{k }^{2}{\mu }^{2}-120\, a{\ k}^{2}{\mu }^{2}+35\, \alpha \, b\delta \, k\mu +35\, a\delta \, k\mu +14\, ab\omega _{{2}}-14\, ac\lambda _{{2}}+}{105}} \\ &&+\frac{14\, {b}^{2}\omega _{{3}}-14\, bc\lambda _{{3}}+14\, b\omega _{{1} }-14\, c\lambda _{{1}})+2\, {\delta }^{2}\mu \, \left( -240\, \alpha \, b{k} ^{2}\mu -240\, a{k}^{2}\mu +35\, \alpha \, b\delta \, k+35\, a\delta \, k\right) }{ 105} = 0. \end{eqnarray}$ $

(8.20)

Solve the Eqs (8.19) and (8.20), one get

$\begin{equation} \delta = \mp \frac{48}{5} \ \ {\frac{ab\omega _{{2}}-ac\lambda _{{2}}+{b} ^{2}\omega _{{3}}-bc\lambda _{{3}}+b\omega _{{1}}-c\lambda _{{1}}} \ \ {\sqrt{ -\left( 21\, \alpha \, b+21\, a\right) \left( ab\omega _{{2}}-ac\lambda _{{2}}+{ b}^{2}\omega _{{3}}-bc\lambda _{{3}}+b\omega _{{1}}-c\lambda _{{1}}\right) }} }, \ \ \ \end{equation}$ $

(8.21)

The condition of definition of the above relations can be presented the following form

$\begin{equation} \left( \alpha \, b+a\right) \left( ab\omega _{{2}}-ac\lambda _{{2}}+{b} ^{2}\omega _{{3}}-bc\lambda _{{3}}+b\omega _{{1}}-c\lambda _{{1}}\right) < 0. \end{equation}$ $

(8.22)

Finally, the dark solution acquired by utilizing of SIVP will be as

$\begin{equation} \Psi (x, y, z, t) = \delta \ \mathrm{tanh}^{2}\left[ k\mu (x+ay+bz-ct)\right] . \end{equation}$ $

(8.23)

8.4. Case IV

Let the singular soliton wave solution be as the below case as

$\begin{equation} u(\xi ) = \delta \ csch^{2}(\mu \xi ). \end{equation}$ $

(8.24)

Then, the stationary integral transforms to

$\begin{eqnarray} J & = &- \ \ {\frac{2\, {\delta }^{2}\mu (-120\, \alpha \, b{k}^{2}{\mu }^{2}-120\, a{k }^{2}{\mu }^{2}-70\, \alpha \, b\delta \, k\mu -70\, a\delta \, k\mu +14\, ab\omega _{{2}}} \ \ {105}} \\ &&+\frac{-14\, ac\lambda _{{2}}+14\, {b}^{2}\omega _{{3}}-14\, bc\lambda _{{3} }+14\, b\omega _{{1}}-14\, c\lambda _{{1}})}{105}. \end{eqnarray}$ $

(8.25)

Based on the SIVP and using derivative $ J $ respect to $ A $ and $ B $, become

$\begin{eqnarray} \frac{\partial J}{\partial \delta } & = &- \ \ {\frac{4\, \delta \, \mu (-120\, \alpha \, b{k}^{2}{\mu }^{2}-120\, a{k}^{2}{\mu }^{2}-70\, \alpha \, b\delta \, k\mu -70\, a\delta \, k\mu +14\, ab\omega _{{2}}-14\, ac\lambda _{{2} }}{105}} \\ &&+\frac{+14\, {b}^{2}\omega _{{3}}-14\, bc\lambda _{{3}}+14\, b\omega _{{1} }-14\, c\lambda _{{1}})-2\, {\delta }^{2}\mu \, \left( -70\, \alpha \, bk\mu -70\, ak\mu \right) }{105} = 0 \end{eqnarray}$ $

(8.26)

and

$\begin{eqnarray} \frac{\partial J}{\partial \mu } & = &- \ \ {\frac{2\, {\delta }^{2}(-120\, \alpha \, b{ k}^{2}{\mu }^{2}-120\, a{k}^{2}{\mu }^{2}-70\, \alpha \, b\delta \, k\mu -70\, a\delta \, k\mu +14\, ab\omega _{{2}}-14\, ac\lambda _{{2}}+14\, {b} ^{2}\omega _{{3}}} \ \ {105}} \\ &&+\frac{-14\, bc\lambda _{{3}}+14\, b\omega _{{1}}-14\, c\lambda _{{1}})-2\, { \delta }^{2}\mu \, \left( -240\, \alpha \, b{k}^{2}\mu -240\, a{k}^{2}\mu -70\, \alpha \, b\delta \, k-70\, a\delta \, k\right) }{105} = 0. \end{eqnarray}$ $

(8.27)

Solve the Eqs (8.26) and (8.27), one get

$\begin{equation} \delta = \pm \frac{24}{5} \ \ {\frac{ab\omega _{{2}}-ac\lambda _{{2}}+{b} ^{2}\omega _{{3}}-bc\lambda _{{3}}+b\omega _{{1}}-c\lambda _{{1}}} \ \ {\sqrt{ -\left( 21\, \alpha \, b+21\, a\right) \left( ab\omega _{{2}}-ac\lambda _{{2}}+{ b}^{2}\omega _{{3}}-bc\lambda _{{3}}+b\omega _{{1}}-c\lambda _{{1}}\right) }} }, \ \ \ \end{equation}$ $

(8.28)

The condition of definition of the above relations can be presented as the below form as

$\begin{equation} \left( \alpha \, b+a\right) \left( ab\omega _{{2}}-ac\lambda _{{2}}+{b} ^{2}\omega _{{3}}-bc\lambda _{{3}}+b\omega _{{1}}-c\lambda _{{1}}\right) < 0. \end{equation}$ $

(8.29)

Finally, the singular solution acquired by utilizing of SIVP will be as

$\begin{equation} \Psi (x, y, z, t) = \delta \ \mathrm{csch}^{2}\left[ k\mu (x+ay+bz-ct)\right] . \end{equation}$ $

(8.30)

9. Conclusion

In this article, the MEFM employed for searching the MSSs for the gKP equation, which contains 1-wave, 2-wave, and 3-wave solutions. The periodic wave, cross-kink, and solitary wave solutions have been obtained. In continuing, the modulation instability applied to discuss the stability of earned solutions. It is quite visible that these novel schemes have plenty of family solutions containing rational exponential, hyperbolic, and periodic functions with selecting particular parameters. Also, the semi-inverse variational principle will be used for the gKP equation. Four major cases containing the solitary, bright, dark and singular wave solutions were studied from four different ansatzes.

By means of symbolic computation, these analytical solutions and corresponding rogue waves are obtained. Via various curve plots, density plot and three-dimensional plots, dynamical characteristics of these rouge waves are exhibited. Because of the strong nonlinear characteristic of Hirota bilinear method, the test function constructed by the Hirota operator, which can be regarded as the test function constructed by considered model. The results are beneficial to the study of the plasma, optics, acoustics, fluid dynamics and fluid mechanics. All computations in this paper have been employed quickly with the help of the Maple 18. Moreover, the method applied in this paper provides an effective tool to obtain exact solutions of nonlinear system and can in common use for other NLEEs.

Acknowledgments

This work is supported by the Education and scientific research project for young and middle-aged teachers of Fujian Province (No. JAT.190666-No.JAT200469)

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.

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