The paper examines the concept of place branding in rural areas, highlighting its significance in increasing reputation, attracting investment, improving competitiveness, and fostering a sense of pride and belonging among local populations. This article provides a literature review of rural branding, examining the trends of the main topics, analyses, and methodological approaches used in investigating place branding. The analysis is based on 45 articles from the Scopus and Web of Science databases, organized into seven main topics: tourism, rural identity, rural and regional development, sustainability, food and gastronomy, stakeholders' involvement, and landscape. Additionally, the study integrates a conceptual framework that outlines the interplay between these themes, emphasizing the theoretical grounding of rural place branding. The findings indicate a positive trend in the number of articles published on rural place branding, a predominance of qualitative research methods, and a strong focus on theoretical framework analysis. The study also highlights the role of sustainability in rural place branding, demonstrating how the synergy of cultural heritage preservation, stakeholder collaboration, and landscape branding significantly enhances the local economy, fosters community pride, and promotes regional agri-food products and gastronomy. These elements contribute to the sustainable growth of rural regions while reinforcing their unique identity within competitive global markets.
Citation: Fuad Jafarli, Maurizio Canavari. Place branding in rural areas: A literature review[J]. AIMS Agriculture and Food, 2025, 10(1): 129-152. doi: 10.3934/agrfood.2025007
The paper examines the concept of place branding in rural areas, highlighting its significance in increasing reputation, attracting investment, improving competitiveness, and fostering a sense of pride and belonging among local populations. This article provides a literature review of rural branding, examining the trends of the main topics, analyses, and methodological approaches used in investigating place branding. The analysis is based on 45 articles from the Scopus and Web of Science databases, organized into seven main topics: tourism, rural identity, rural and regional development, sustainability, food and gastronomy, stakeholders' involvement, and landscape. Additionally, the study integrates a conceptual framework that outlines the interplay between these themes, emphasizing the theoretical grounding of rural place branding. The findings indicate a positive trend in the number of articles published on rural place branding, a predominance of qualitative research methods, and a strong focus on theoretical framework analysis. The study also highlights the role of sustainability in rural place branding, demonstrating how the synergy of cultural heritage preservation, stakeholder collaboration, and landscape branding significantly enhances the local economy, fosters community pride, and promotes regional agri-food products and gastronomy. These elements contribute to the sustainable growth of rural regions while reinforcing their unique identity within competitive global markets.
| [1] |
Kumar N, Panda RK (2019) Place branding and place marketing: a contemporary analysis of the literature and usage of terminology. Int Rev Publ Nonprofit Mark 16: 255–292. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12208-019-00230-6 doi: 10.1007/s12208-019-00230-6
|
| [2] |
Swain S, Jebarajakirthy C, Sharma BK, et al. (2024) Place branding: A systematic literature review and future research agenda. J Travel Res 63: 535–564. https://doi.org/10.1177/00472875231168620 doi: 10.1177/00472875231168620
|
| [3] |
Mohamed B (2019) Exploring place branding: State of the art and future research directions. China-USA Bus Rev 18: 23–33. https://doi.org/10.17265/1537-1514/2019.02.003 doi: 10.17265/1537-1514/2019.02.003
|
| [4] |
Vela J de SE (2013) Fundamentos conceptuales y teóricos para marcas de territorio. Boletín de la Asociación de Geógrafos españoles. https://doi.org/10.21138/bage.1575 doi: 10.21138/bage.1575
|
| [5] |
Anholt S (2008) Place branding: Is it marketing, or isn't it? Place Branding Publ Diplomacy 4: 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.pb.6000088 doi: 10.1057/palgrave.pb.6000088
|
| [6] | Eraydın Z (2014) The global image of the city: Impacts of place branding on the image of Ankara. A thesis submitted to the graduate school of natural and applied sciences of Middle East Technical University. |
| [7] |
Horlings LG (2012) Place branding by building coalitions; lessons from rural–urban regions in the Netherlands. Place Branding Publ Diplomacy 8: 295–309. https://doi.org/10.1057/pb.2012.21 doi: 10.1057/pb.2012.21
|
| [8] |
Inkinen T, Heikkonen M, Makkonen T, et al. (2024) Multilayered spatial categories in tourism marketing and branding. J Destination Mark Manage 31: 100867. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2024.100867 doi: 10.1016/j.jdmm.2024.100867
|
| [9] |
Zhang S, Sun Y, Yu X, et al. (2023) Geographical indication, agricultural products export and urban–rural income gap. Agriculture 13: 378. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13020378 doi: 10.3390/agriculture13020378
|
| [10] |
Kavaratzis M, Hatch MJ (2013) The dynamics of place brands: An identity-based approach to place branding theory. Marketing Theory 13: 69–86. https://doi.org/10.1177/1470593112467268 doi: 10.1177/1470593112467268
|
| [11] |
Oguztimur S, Akturan U (2016) Synthesis of city branding literature (1988–2014) as a research domain. Int J Tourism Res 18: 357–372. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2054 doi: 10.1002/jtr.2054
|
| [12] |
Lucarelli A, Olof Berg P (2011) City branding: a state‐of‐the‐art review of the research domain. J Place Manage Dev 4: 9–27. https://doi.org/10.1108/17538331111117133 doi: 10.1108/17538331111117133
|
| [13] |
Gulisova B, Horbel C, Bjørnshave Noe E (2023) Rural place branding processes: actor engagement in service ecosystems. J Place Manage Dev 16: 415–439. https://doi.org/10.1108/jpmd-11-2022-0105 doi: 10.1108/jpmd-11-2022-0105
|
| [14] | OECD (2024) The new rural paradigm. In OECD Rural Policy Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264023918-en |
| [15] |
Liu Y, Li Y (2017) Revitalize the world's countryside. Nature 548: 275–277. https://doi.org/10.1038/548275a doi: 10.1038/548275a
|
| [16] |
Shen J, Chou R-J (2022) Rural revitalization of Xiamei: The development experiences of integrating tea tourism with ancient village preservation. J Rural Stud 90: 42–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2022.01.006 doi: 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2022.01.006
|
| [17] |
Vuorinen M, Vos M (2013) Challenges in joint place branding in rural regions. Place Branding Publ Diplomacy 9: 154–163. https://doi.org/10.1057/pb.2013.18 doi: 10.1057/pb.2013.18
|
| [18] |
Mittilä T, Lepistö T (2013) The role of artists in place branding: A case study. Place Branding Publ Diplomacy 9: 143–153. https://doi.org/10.1057/pb.2013.15 doi: 10.1057/pb.2013.15
|
| [19] |
Gulisova B (2021) Rural place branding processes: A meta-synthesis. Place Branding Publ Diplomacy 17: 368–381. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41254-020-00187-y doi: 10.1057/s41254-020-00187-y
|
| [20] |
Rinaldi C (2017) Food and gastronomy for sustainable place development: A multidisciplinary analysis of different theoretical approaches. Sustainability 9: 1748. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9101748 doi: 10.3390/su9101748
|
| [21] |
Rovira M, Garay L, Górriz-Mifsud E, et al. (2022) Territorial marketing based on non-wood Forest products (NWFPs) to enhance sustainable tourism in rural areas: A literature review. Forests 13: 1231. https://doi.org/10.3390/f13081231 doi: 10.3390/f13081231
|
| [22] |
Andersson I (2014) Placing place branding: an analysis of an emerging research field in human geography. Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish J Geo 114: 143–155. https://doi.org/10.1080/00167223.2014.895954 doi: 10.1080/00167223.2014.895954
|
| [23] |
Zenker S (2024) Size does matter: City branding versus small city, town, and rural place branding. Place Branding Publ Diplomacy 20: 40–43. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41254-024-00379-w doi: 10.1057/s41254-024-00379-w
|
| [24] |
Ramezi M, Yeganeh M, Bemanian M (2022) The role of place branding in promoting social capital in urban areas (case study: Ahvaz, Iran). Front Built Environ 8: 889139. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbuil.2022.889139 doi: 10.3389/fbuil.2022.889139
|
| [25] |
Clark J, Rice G (2020) Revitalising rural Scotland: Loch Fyne, branding and belonging. J Place Manage Dev 13: 18–29. https://doi.org/10.1108/jpmd-06-2019-0044 doi: 10.1108/jpmd-06-2019-0044
|
| [26] |
Tobias S, Wahl PM (2013) Can place branding support landscape conservation in city-regions? A case study from Switzerland. Land Use Policy 30: 266–275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2012.03.021 doi: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2012.03.021
|
| [27] |
Alsayel A, Fransen J, de Jong M (2023) City branding in a multi-level governance context: comparing branding performance across five institutional models for urban development in Saudi Arabia. J Place Manage Development 16: 267–290. https://doi.org/10.1108/jpmd-07-2022-0061 doi: 10.1108/jpmd-07-2022-0061
|
| [28] |
Moilanen T, Rainisto SK (2009) How to brand nations, cities and destinations. A planning book for place branding. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230584594 doi: 10.1057/9780230584594
|
| [29] |
Mbah M, Franz A (2021) Revitalization and branding of rural communities in Cameroon using a circular approach for sustainable development—A proposal for the Batibo Municipality. Sustainability 13: 6908. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13126908 doi: 10.3390/su13126908
|
| [30] |
Logar E (2022) Place branding as an approach to the development of rural areas: A case study of the brand» Babica in Dedek «from the Škofja Loka Hills, Slovenia. Acta geographica Slovenica 62: 120–133. https://doi.org/10.3986/ags.10883 doi: 10.3986/ags.10883
|
| [31] | Kavaratzis M, Braun E, Zenker S (2010) My city—my brand: The role of residents in place branding. In: 50th European Regional Science Association Congress, Jönköping, 19–23. |
| [32] |
Braun E, Kavaratzis M, Zenker S (2013) My city–my brand: The different roles of residents in place branding. J Place Manage Dev 6: 18–28. https://doi.org/10.1108/17538331311306087 doi: 10.1108/17538331311306087
|
| [33] |
Aasetre J, Carlsson E, Haugum M (2020) Developing local community: Municipal policies oriented towards place branding. Scand J Publ Adm 24: 43–63. https://doi.org/10.58235/sjpa.v24i2.8617 doi: 10.58235/sjpa.v24i2.8617
|
| [34] |
Gulisova B, Horbel C, Noe E (2021) Rural place branding from a multi-level perspective: A Danish example. Place Branding Publ Diplomacy 17: 231–248. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41254-021-00204-8 doi: 10.1057/s41254-021-00204-8
|
| [35] |
Chen M, Long Y (2024) Empowering Rural Revitalization: Unleashing the Potential of E-commerce for Sustainable Industrial Integration. J Knowl Econ 15: 18813–18831. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-024-01813-3 doi: 10.1007/s13132-024-01813-3
|
| [36] |
Manoharan AP, Hohensinn L, Wu HC (2024) Public branding in the digital age: An empirical investigation of US cities. Int J Publ Adm 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2024.2311385 doi: 10.1080/01900692.2024.2311385
|
| [37] |
Lee AH, Wall G, Kovacs JF (2015) Creative food clusters and rural development through place branding: Culinary tourism initiatives in Stratford and Muskoka, Ontario, Canada. J Rural Stud 39: 133–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2015.05.001 doi: 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2015.05.001
|
| [38] |
Snyder H (2019) Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines. J Bus Res 104: 333–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.07.039 doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.07.039
|
| [39] | PRISMA (2024) Available from: http://www.prisma-statement.org/. |
| [40] |
Moher D, Shamseer L, Clarke M, et al. (2015) Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement. Syst Rev 4: 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/2046-4053-4-1 doi: 10.1186/2046-4053-4-1
|
| [41] |
Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al. (2021) The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. J Clin Epidemiol 134: 103–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2021.02.003 doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2021.02.003
|
| [42] | Briner RB, Denyer D (2012) Chapter 7—Systematic review and evidence synthesis as a practice and scholarship tool. In: The Oxford Handbook of Evidence-Based Management, 112–129. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199763986.013.0007 |
| [43] | Chadegani AA, Salehi H, Yunus MM, et al. (2013) A comparison between two main academic literature collections: Web of Science and Scopus databases. arXiv preprint arXiv: 13050377. 9: 18–26. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v9n5p18 |
| [44] |
Singh VK, Singh P, Karmakar M, et al. (2021) The journal coverage of Web of Science, Scopus and Dimensions: A comparative analysis. Scientometrics 126: 5113–5142. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-021-03948-5 doi: 10.1007/s11192-021-03948-5
|
| [45] |
Carrión-Mero P, Montalván-Burbano N, Paz-Salas N, et al. (2020) Volcanic geomorphology: a review of worldwide research. Geosciences 10: 347. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10090347 doi: 10.3390/geosciences10090347
|
| [46] |
Bornmann L, Haunschild R, Hug SE (2018) Visualizing the context of citations referencing papers published by Eugene Garfield: A new type of keyword co-occurrence analysis. Scientometrics 114: 427–437. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-017-2591-8 doi: 10.1007/s11192-017-2591-8
|
| [47] | Araújo T, Abreu A, Louçã F (2023) The evolution of Complexity co-occurring keywords: bibliometric analysis and network approach. arXiv preprint arXiv: 230800992. Advances in Complex Systems27: NO. 04n05. https://doi.org/10.1142/s0219525924500061 |
| [48] | VOSviewer (2024) Visualizing Scientific Landscapes. Available from: https://www.vosviewer.com/. |
| [49] |
Hagen L, Keller TE, Yerden X, et al. (2019) Open data visualizations and analytics as tools for policy-making. Gov Inf Q 36: 101387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2019.06.004 doi: 10.1016/j.giq.2019.06.004
|
| [50] |
Moral-Muñoz JA, Herrera-Viedma E, Santisteban-Espejo A, et al. (2020) Software tools for conducting bibliometric analysis in science: An up-to-date review. Profesional de la Información 29: e290103. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2020.ene.03 doi: 10.3145/epi.2020.ene.03
|
| [51] |
Bukar UA, Sayeed MS, Razak SFA, et al. (2023) A method for analyzing text using VOSviewer. MethodsX 11: 102339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2023.102339 doi: 10.1016/j.mex.2023.102339
|
| [52] |
Xu Z, Ge Z, Wang X, et al. (2021) Bibliometric analysis of technology adoption literature published from 1997 to 2020. Technol Forecast Soc Change 170: 120896. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.120896 doi: 10.1016/j.techfore.2021.120896
|
| [53] |
Sang S (2021) Reconstructing the place branding model from the perspective of Peircean semiotics. Ann Tourism Res 89: 103209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2021.103209 doi: 10.1016/j.annals.2021.103209
|
| [54] |
Senyao S, Ha S (2022) How social media influences resident participation in rural tourism development: A case study of Tunda in Tibet. J Tourism Cultural Change 20: 386–405. https://doi.org/10.1080/14766825.2020.1849244 doi: 10.1080/14766825.2020.1849244
|
| [55] |
Vegnuti R (2020) Cinque Terre, Italy-a case of place branding: From opportunity to problem for tourism. Worldwide Hospitality Tourism Themes 12: 471–483. https://doi.org/10.1108/whatt-05-2020-0032 doi: 10.1108/whatt-05-2020-0032
|
| [56] |
Jarratt D, Phelan C, Wain J, et al. (2019) Developing a sense of place toolkit: Identifying destination uniqueness. Tourism Hospitality Res 19: 408–421. https://doi.org/10.1177/1467358418768678 doi: 10.1177/1467358418768678
|
| [57] |
Jones T, Nagata S, Nakajima M, et al. (2009) Prefectural branding in Japan–Tourism, national parks and the Shinshu brand. Place Branding Publ Diplomacy 5: 192–201. https://doi.org/10.1057/pb.2009.13 doi: 10.1057/pb.2009.13
|
| [58] | Lee AH, Wall G, Kovacs J, et al. (2016) Food clusters and creative tourism development: A conceptual framework. The J Rural Community Dev 11: 72–88. |
| [59] |
Ducros HB (2017) Confronting sustainable development in two rural heritage valorization models. J Sustainable Tourism 25: 327–343. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2016.1206552 doi: 10.1080/09669582.2016.1206552
|
| [60] |
Zhao M, Lu H, Liang J, et al. (2021) Evaluating green resource branding using user-generated content data: The case study of a greenway in eastern Guangzhou, China. Urban Forest Urban Greening 66: 127395. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2021.127395 doi: 10.1016/j.ufug.2021.127395
|
| [61] |
Cleave E, Arku G (2015) Community branding and brand images in Ontario, Canada. Place Branding Publ Diplomacy 11: 65–82. https://doi.org/10.1057/pb.2014.5 doi: 10.1057/pb.2014.5
|
| [62] |
Botschen G, Promberger K, Bernhart J (2017) Brand-driven identity development of places. J Place Manage Dev 10: 152–172. https://doi.org/10.1108/jpmd-07-2016-0051 doi: 10.1108/jpmd-07-2016-0051
|
| [63] |
McManus P, Connell J (2014) Putting places on the map? Marketing rural and regional Australia. J Destination Market Manage 3: 105–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2014.01.001 doi: 10.1016/j.jdmm.2014.01.001
|
| [64] |
Jansson D (2012) Branding Åland, branding Ålanders: Reflections on place identity and globalization in a Nordic archipelago. Place Branding Publ Diplomacy 8: 119–132. https://doi.org/10.1057/pb.2012.3 doi: 10.1057/pb.2012.3
|
| [65] |
Basile G, Cavallo A (2020) Rural identity, authenticity, and sustainability in Italian inner areas. Sustainability 12: 1272. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12031272 doi: 10.3390/su12031272
|
| [66] | Ilieș G, Ilieș M (2015) Identity based geo-and tourism branding strategies derived from rural Maramureș land (Romania). GeoJ Tourism Geosites 8: 179–186. |
| [67] | Kavoura A, Bitsani E (2013) E-branding of rural tourism in Carinthia, Austria. Tourism: An Int Interdisciplinary J 61: 289–312. |
| [68] |
Mettepenningen E, Vandermeulen V, Van Huylenbroeck G, et al. (2012) Exploring synergies between place branding and agricultural landscape management as a rural development practice. Soc Ruralis 52: 432–452. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9523.2012.00575.x doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9523.2012.00575.x
|
| [69] |
Lopes C, Leitão J, Rengifo-Gallego J (2022) Place-branded foods with responsible and sustainable management: A la carte serving in regional restaurants. Sustainability 14: 6615. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14116615 doi: 10.3390/su14116615
|
| [70] |
Donner M, Horlings L, Fort F, et al. (2017) Place branding, embeddedness and endogenous rural development: Four European cases. Place Branding Publ Diplomacy 13: 273–292. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41254-016-0049-z doi: 10.1057/s41254-016-0049-z
|
| [71] |
Moreno-Fernandez S, Castelo-Branco SE-S (2022) Celtic music festivals in Portugal: Europeanisation, Urban Regeneration, and Regional Development. Yearb Tradit Music 54: 99–118. https://doi.org/10.1017/ytm.2022.29 doi: 10.1017/ytm.2022.29
|
| [72] |
Domínguez García MD, Horlings L, Swagemakers P, et al. (2013) Place branding and endogenous rural development. Departure points for developing an inner brand of the River Minho estuary. Place Branding Publ Diplomacy 9: 124–140. https://doi.org/10.1057/pb.2013.10 doi: 10.1057/pb.2013.10
|
| [73] |
Kuhlman T, Farrington J (2010) What is sustainability? Sustainability 2: 3436–3448. https://doi.org/10.3390/su2113436 doi: 10.3390/su2113436
|
| [74] |
Strezov V, Evans A, Evans TJ (2017) Assessment of the economic, social and environmental dimensions of the indicators for sustainable development. Sustainable Dev 25: 242–253. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.1649 doi: 10.1002/sd.1649
|
| [75] |
Rogers DS, Duraiappah AK, Antons DC, et al. (2012) A vision for human well-being: transition to social sustainability. Curr Opin Environ Sustainability 4: 61–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2012.01.013 doi: 10.1016/j.cosust.2012.01.013
|
| [76] |
Barile S, Quattrociocchi B, Calabrese M, et al. (2018) Sustainability and the viable systems approach: opportunities and issues for the governance of the territory. Sustainability 10: 790. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10030790 doi: 10.3390/su10030790
|
| [77] |
Gulisova B, Horbel C, Noe E (2021) Place branding and sustainable rural communities: qualitative evidence from rural areas in Denmark. J Strategic Mark 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/0965254x.2021.2006274 doi: 10.1080/0965254x.2021.2006274
|
| [78] |
Ryan MM, Mizerski K (2010) Place branding for sustainable futures: A case study. Place Branding Publ Diplomacy 6: 49–57. https://doi.org/10.1057/pb.2010.2 doi: 10.1057/pb.2010.2
|
| [79] |
Blichfeldt BS, Halkier H (2014) Mussels, tourism and community development: a case study of place branding through food festivals in rural North Jutland, Denmark. Eur Plann Stud 22: 1587–1603. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2013.784594 doi: 10.1080/09654313.2013.784594
|
| [80] |
Muñiz-Martinez N, Florek M (2023) Food-based place branding as holistic place ecosystems: The case of Basque Gastronomic Ecosystem. Place Branding Publ Diplomacy 19: 155–166. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41254-021-00222-6 doi: 10.1057/s41254-021-00222-6
|
| [81] |
Bowen R, Bennett S (2020) Selling places: a community-based model for promoting local food. The case of Rhondda Cynon Taf. J Place Manage Dev 13: 215–228. https://doi.org/10.1108/jpmd-10-2018-0081 doi: 10.1108/jpmd-10-2018-0081
|
| [82] |
Ruban DA, Ermolaev VA (2021) Readiness of food producers to reflect regions in their names and trademarks: a perspective for regional branding with sunflower oil. Helia 44: 89–100. https://doi.org/10.1515/helia-2020-0026 doi: 10.1515/helia-2020-0026
|
| [83] |
Bisani S, Daye M, Mortimer K (2022) Multi-stakeholder perspective on the role of universities in place branding. J Place Manage Dev 15: 112–129. https://doi.org/10.1108/jpmd-05-2020-0039 doi: 10.1108/jpmd-05-2020-0039
|
| [84] | Wachter M, Wytrzens K (2016) The impact of a local thematic focus on community building activities in rural villages. Erschienen im Jahrbuch der osterreichischen Gesellschaft fur Agrarokonomie. |
| [85] |
Muñiz Martínez N (2016) Towards a network place branding through multiple stakeholders and based on cultural identities: The case of "The Coffee Cultural Landscape" in Colombia. J Place Manage Dev 9: 73–90. https://doi.org/10.1108/jpmd-11-2015-0052 doi: 10.1108/jpmd-11-2015-0052
|
| [86] | Cavicchi A, Rinaldi C, Corsi M (2013) Higher education institutions as managers of wicked problems: place branding and rural development in Marche Region, Italy. Int Food Agribus Manage Rev 16: 51–68. |
| [87] |
de San Eugenio-Vela J, Barniol-Carcasona M (2015) The relationship between rural branding and local development. A case study in the Catalonia's countryside: Territoris Serens (El Lluçanès). J Rural Stud 37: 108–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2015.01.001 doi: 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2015.01.001
|
| [88] | Mabillard V, Pasquier M, Vuignier R (2024) Place branding and marketing from a policy perspective: Building effective strategies for places. Taylor Francis, London: Routledge, 352. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003286189 |
Figures(6) / Tables(5)
Fuad Jafarli, Maurizio Canavari. Place branding in rural areas: A literature review[J]. AIMS Agriculture and Food, 2025, 10(1): 129-152. doi: 10.3934/agrfood.2025007
DownLoad: