Gastric cancer (GC) remains a significant global health challenge, ranking as the fifth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite declining incidence rates in certain regions, such as the United States, mortality remains high, particularly in Eastern Asia. In this review, we explore innovative immunotherapeutic strategies for GC, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, CAR-T cell therapy, and therapeutic vaccines. The role of the tumor microenvironment (TME), immune cell interactions, tumor acidity, and microbial flora in shaping therapeutic responses is discussed. Emerging epidemiological trends, such as the rise of cardia gastric cancer and shifts in traditional risk factor profiles, underscore the need for targeted prevention strategies. While immunotherapy offers promising opportunities, challenges like therapeutic resistance and personalization of treatment persist. We aimed to highlight advancements in GC immunotherapy to promote research and improve patient outcomes.
Citation: Mujibullah Sheikh, Pranita S. Jirvankar. Innovative immunotherapeutic strategies for gastric cancer: A comprehensive review[J]. AIMS Allergy and Immunology, 2025, 9(1): 27-55. doi: 10.3934/Allergy.2025003
Gastric cancer (GC) remains a significant global health challenge, ranking as the fifth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite declining incidence rates in certain regions, such as the United States, mortality remains high, particularly in Eastern Asia. In this review, we explore innovative immunotherapeutic strategies for GC, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, CAR-T cell therapy, and therapeutic vaccines. The role of the tumor microenvironment (TME), immune cell interactions, tumor acidity, and microbial flora in shaping therapeutic responses is discussed. Emerging epidemiological trends, such as the rise of cardia gastric cancer and shifts in traditional risk factor profiles, underscore the need for targeted prevention strategies. While immunotherapy offers promising opportunities, challenges like therapeutic resistance and personalization of treatment persist. We aimed to highlight advancements in GC immunotherapy to promote research and improve patient outcomes.
Gastric cancer
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors
Mortality-to-incidence ratio
Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts
Immune checkpoint inhibitors
Tumor microenvironment
Tumor-associated macrophages
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells
Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor
programmed cell death protein 1
programmed cell death ligand 1
Triple-negative breast cancer
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Renal cell carcinoma
Endometrial cancer
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Figures(7) / Tables(2)
Mujibullah Sheikh, Pranita S. Jirvankar. Innovative immunotherapeutic strategies for gastric cancer: A comprehensive review[J]. AIMS Allergy and Immunology, 2025, 9(1): 27-55. doi: 10.3934/Allergy.2025003
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