Sphingosine-1-phosphate transport and its role in immunology

Vera Reitsema; Hjalmar Bouma; Jan Willem Kok; Vera Reitsema; Hjalmar Bouma; Jan Willem Kok

doi:10.3934/molsci.2014.4.183

AIMS Molecular Science

2014, Volume 1, Issue 4: 183-201. doi: 10.3934/molsci.2014.4.183

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Sphingosine-1-phosphate transport and its role in immunology

1.
Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands;
2.
Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands;
3.
Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands

Received: 25 July 2014 Accepted: 02 December 2014 Published: 10 December 2014

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a sphingolipid metabolite with many important functions in cellular and systemic physiology, including the immune system. As it cannot traverse the membrane, it is exported from cells by transporters. Several members of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family, ABCA1, ABCC1, ABCG2 and potentially ABCA7 have been identified as S1P transporters. In addition spinster 2 (SPNS2), a protein from the major facilitator superfamily (MFS), was identified as a S1P transporter. Here we review the current knowledge on S1P transport and discuss how this process creates S1P gradients in the body that are important in various functions of the immune system.
- ABC transporter,
- SPNS2, S1P,
- immunology,
- leukocyte
Citation: Vera Reitsema, Hjalmar Bouma, Jan Willem Kok. Sphingosine-1-phosphate transport and its role in immunology[J]. AIMS Molecular Science, 2014, 1(4): 183-201. doi: 10.3934/molsci.2014.4.183

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Abstract

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a sphingolipid metabolite with many important functions in cellular and systemic physiology, including the immune system. As it cannot traverse the membrane, it is exported from cells by transporters. Several members of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family, ABCA1, ABCC1, ABCG2 and potentially ABCA7 have been identified as S1P transporters. In addition spinster 2 (SPNS2), a protein from the major facilitator superfamily (MFS), was identified as a S1P transporter. Here we review the current knowledge on S1P transport and discuss how this process creates S1P gradients in the body that are important in various functions of the immune system.

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