Analysis of precipitation and dissolution of the microalloying elements by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS)

Piyada Suwanpinij; Audtaporn Worabut; Ratchadaporn Supruangnet; Hans Henning Dickert; Piyada Suwanpinij; Audtaporn Worabut; Ratchadaporn Supruangnet; Hans Henning Dickert

doi:10.3934/matersci.2017.4.856

AIMS Materials Science

2017, Volume 4, Issue 4: 856-866. doi: 10.3934/matersci.2017.4.856

Previous Article Next Article

Research article Topical Sections

Analysis of precipitation and dissolution of the microalloying elements by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS)

1.
The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok, Thailand
2.
Synchrotron Light Research Institute (SLRI), Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
3.
Section of Product Assurance and Process Technology at Georgsmarienhütte GmbH, Georgsmarienhütte, Germany

Received: 30 April 2017 Accepted: 17 July 2017 Published: 31 July 2017

The dissolution of the microalloying elements in high strength low alloy steels is a cause of longer slab reheating time before hot forming processes compared with those for carbon steels. This is to ensure that all the necessary microalloying elements are dissolved and available for the precipitation hardening during and after the hot forming processes. In order to decrease the enormous amount of the reheating energy, which is the only heat required in the hot forming process, this works selects a high strength low alloy steel containing vanadium and analyses the dissolution kinetics by means of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The XAS scans for other elements, i.e., titanium and nitrogen have been carried out and discussed for the possibility of the technique to investigate precipitates in microalloyed steels.
Vanadium shows rapid dissolution kinetics that as soon as a lower reheating temperature of 1200 °C is reached, most of it is dissolved into the solid solution. This is opposite to titanium whose most fraction is still in TiN after long reheating time at higher temperature in accordance with the application of TiN for the grain boundary pinning during reheating. X-rays absorption near edge structure (XANES) analysis of nitrogen shows different form of spectra before and after the reheating process. This indicates that the change in the coordination around the central nitrogen atoms takes place during the reheating interval.
- X-ray absorption spectroscopy,
- dissolution,
- vanadium,
- titanium,
- nitrogen,
- microalloyed steel
Citation: Piyada Suwanpinij, Audtaporn Worabut, Ratchadaporn Supruangnet, Hans Henning Dickert. Analysis of precipitation and dissolution of the microalloying elements by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS)[J]. AIMS Materials Science, 2017, 4(4): 856-866. doi: 10.3934/matersci.2017.4.856

Related Papers:

Abstract

The dissolution of the microalloying elements in high strength low alloy steels is a cause of longer slab reheating time before hot forming processes compared with those for carbon steels. This is to ensure that all the necessary microalloying elements are dissolved and available for the precipitation hardening during and after the hot forming processes. In order to decrease the enormous amount of the reheating energy, which is the only heat required in the hot forming process, this works selects a high strength low alloy steel containing vanadium and analyses the dissolution kinetics by means of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The XAS scans for other elements, i.e., titanium and nitrogen have been carried out and discussed for the possibility of the technique to investigate precipitates in microalloyed steels.
Vanadium shows rapid dissolution kinetics that as soon as a lower reheating temperature of 1200 °C is reached, most of it is dissolved into the solid solution. This is opposite to titanium whose most fraction is still in TiN after long reheating time at higher temperature in accordance with the application of TiN for the grain boundary pinning during reheating. X-rays absorption near edge structure (XANES) analysis of nitrogen shows different form of spectra before and after the reheating process. This indicates that the change in the coordination around the central nitrogen atoms takes place during the reheating interval.

References

[1]	Suwanpinij P, Dickert HH (2014) Application of Vanadium Precipitation for Lower Rolling Force and Enhanced Strength of Hot Strip Steels. Arch Mater Sci Eng 70: 39–44.
[2]	Jang JY, Huang JB (2015) Optimization of a slab heating pattern for minimum energy consumption in a walking-beam type reheating furnace. Appl Therm Eng 85: 313–321. doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.04.029
[3]	Jang JH, Lee DE, Kim MY, et al. (2010) Investigation of the slab heating characteristics in a reheating furnace with the formation and growth of scale on the slab surface. Int J Heat Mass Tran 53: 4326–4332. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2010.05.061
[4]	Zhang C, Ishii T, Sugiyama S, et al. (2010) Numerical Modeling of the Thermal Performance of Regenerative Slab Reheat Furnaces. Numer Heat Tr A-Appl 32: 613–631.
[5]	Nagoshi M, Aoyama T, Tanaka Y, et al. (2012) Quantitative Analysis of Nb in Steel Utilizing XRF-yield XAFS Edge Jump. ISIJ Int 53: 2197–2200.
[6]	Nagoshi M, Kawano T, Sato K, et al. (2005) Chemical state analysis of 0.2 mass% Mo in steel by XAFS. Phys Scripta 2005: 480.
[7]	Huffman GP, Huggins FE, Cuddy LJ, et al. (1984) Exafs investigation of microalloyed steel. Scripta Metall 18: 719–724.
[8]	Klysubun W, Sombunchoo P, Deenan W, et al. (2012) Performance and status of beamline BL8 at SLRI for X-ray absorption spectroscopy. J Synchrotron Radiat 19: 930–936. doi: 10.1107/S0909049512040381
[9]	Nakajima H, Tong-on A, Sumano N, et al. (2013) Photoemission Spectroscopy and Photoemission Electron Microscopy Beamline at the Siam Photon Laboratory. J Phys Conf Ser 425: 132020. doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/425/13/132020
[10]	Ravel B, Newville M (2005) ATHENA, ARTEMIS, HEPHAESTUS: data analysis for X-ray absorption spectroscopy using IFEFFIT. J Synchrotron Radiat 12: 537–541. doi: 10.1107/S0909049505012719
[11]	Hong SG, Jun HJ, Kang KB, et al. (2003) Evolution of precipitates in the Nb–Ti–V microalloyed HSLA steels during reheating. Scripta Mater 48: 1201–1206. doi: 10.1016/S1359-6462(02)00567-5
[12]	Eisenhüttenleute VD (1983) Alloyed heat treatable steels, In: Düsseldorf, Ausscheidungsatlas der Stähle, Germany: Stahleisen.
[13]	Baker TN (2009) Processes, microstructure and properties of vanadium microalloyed steels. Mater Sci Technol 25: 1083–1107. doi: 10.1179/174328409X453253
[14]	Suwanpinij P, Dickert HH, Thammajak N, et al. (2016) Quantification of vanadium precipitates in HSLA steel by synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Mater Test 58: 5–11. doi: 10.3139/120.110802
[15]	Leinweber P, Kruse J, Walley FL, et al. (2003) Nitrogen K-edge XANES-an overview of reference compounds used to identify 'unknown' organic nitrogen in environmental samples. J Synchrotron Radiat 14: 500–511.
[16]	Gong P, Palmiere EJ, Rainforth WM, et al. (2015) Dissolution and precipitation behaviour in steels microalloyed with niobium during thermomechanical processing. Acta Mater 97: 392–403. doi: 10.1016/j.actamat.2015.06.057

Reader Comments

Your name:*

Email:*
© 2017 the Author(s), licensee AIMS Press. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)