Research article Special Issues

A tool for calculating energy audits in water pressurized networks

  • Received: 30 November 2018 Accepted: 01 April 2019 Published: 17 April 2019
  • This paper presents a matlab-based educational software (UAenergy) developed to compute the energy audit of a water pressurized network. This analysis allows accounting for all the energy involved in the water distribution stage in the urban water cycle, showing that the energy balance is maintained —the energy input to the pressurized network is equal to the energy output plus the energy dissipated through friction. This energy audit requires a previous water balance and the hydraulic model of the network, both of which are necessary to know the energy flows through the system’s boundaries. Obtained results show the energetic effect of every element (pipelines, pumps, valves, etc.) in the water distribution and also the influence of water losses in a leaky network. This software can be used for students and practitioners in the water sector, and it is possible to identify the improvement actions that will make the system more efficient.

    Citation: M.A. Pardo, A.Riquelme1, J. Melgarejo. A tool for calculating energy audits in water pressurized networks[J]. AIMS Environmental Science, 2019, 6(2): 94-108. doi: 10.3934/environsci.2019.2.94

    Related Papers:

  • This paper presents a matlab-based educational software (UAenergy) developed to compute the energy audit of a water pressurized network. This analysis allows accounting for all the energy involved in the water distribution stage in the urban water cycle, showing that the energy balance is maintained —the energy input to the pressurized network is equal to the energy output plus the energy dissipated through friction. This energy audit requires a previous water balance and the hydraulic model of the network, both of which are necessary to know the energy flows through the system’s boundaries. Obtained results show the energetic effect of every element (pipelines, pumps, valves, etc.) in the water distribution and also the influence of water losses in a leaky network. This software can be used for students and practitioners in the water sector, and it is possible to identify the improvement actions that will make the system more efficient.


    加载中


    [1] Al-Ghamdi, A.S.(2011). Leakage–pressure relationship and leakage detection in intermittentwater distribution systems. J Water Supply ResTec. 60: 178–183.
    [2] Almandoz J, Cabrera E, ArreguiF, et al. (2005). Leakage Assessment through Water Distribution Network Simulation. J Water Res Pl-ASCE. 131:458–466. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2005)131:6(458)
    [3] Bernardete C and António AC. (2018). Energy Recovery in Water Networks: Numerical DecisionSupport Tool for Optimal Site and Selection of Micro Turbines. J Water Res Pl-ASCE. 144: 04018004. Planningand Management
    [4] Bijl DL, Bogaart PW, Kram T,et al. (2016). Long-term water demand for electricity, industry and households. EnvironSci Policy. 55: 75–86.
    [5] Cabrera E, Gómez E, Cabrera JrE, et al. (2014). Energy assessment of pressurized water systems. J Water Res Pl-ASCE. 141: 4014095.
    [6] Cabrera E, Pardo MA, CobachoR, et al. (2010). Energy audit of water networks. J Water Res Pl-ASCE. 136:669-677. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000077
    [7] Cantos JO, Rosique AC, delBusto IC, et al. (2018). RESILIENCIA EN EL CICLO URBANO DEL AGUA. EXTREMOS PLUVIOMÉTRICOS Y ADAPTACIÓN ALCAMBIO CLIMÁTICO EN EL ÁMBITO MEDITERRÁNEO.
    [8] Cobacho R, Arregui F, SorianoJ, et al. (2014). Including leakage in network models: an application tocalibrate leak valves in EPANET. J Water Supply Res Tec. 64: 130–138.
    [9] Comission CE. (2005). California'sWater – Energy Relationship.
    [10] Dall'O G. (2011). GREENENERGY AUDIT-Manuale operativo per la diagnosi energetica e ambientale degliedifici. Edizioni Ambiente.
    [11] EEO (1994). Introduction toEnergy Efficiency in Museums, Galleries, Libraries and Churches..
    [12] Colombo AF, Karney BW. (2002) Energyand costs of leaky pipes: Toward comprehensive picture. J Water Res Pl-ASCE. 128: 441-450 doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2002)128:6(441)
    [13] Fernández García I, Creaco E,Rodríguez Díaz JA, et al. (2016). Rehabilitating pressurized irrigationnetworks for an increased energy efficiency. Agr WaterManage. 164: 212–222.
    [14] Francesco Berardi (2018). Hydraulic anlysis and optimization of theirrigation network of the university of Alicante. Politecnico dibari i facoltà di ingegneria, Dicatech.
    [15] Germanopoulos G. and Jowitt PW.(1989). LEAKAGE REDUCTION BY EXCESS PRESSURE MINIMIZATION IN A WATER SUPPLYNETWORK. P I Civil Eng 87: 195–214.
    [16] Greyvenstein B and van Zyl JE. (2007).An experimental investigation into the pressure - leakage relationship of somefailed water pipes. J Water Supply Res Tec. 56: 117–124. doi: 10.2166/aqua.2007.065
    [17] Hardy L, Garrido A and Juana L.(2012). Evaluation of Spain's Water-Energy Nexus. Int J Water Resour D. 28: 151–170.
    [18] Hernández E, Pardo MA, CabreraE, et al. (2010). Energy assessment of water networks: A casestudy. Water Distrib Syst Anal. 2010: 1168-1179.
    [19] IEAIE (2016). Water EnergyNexus; Excerpt from the World Energy Outlook.
    [20] Larsen MAD and Drews M. (2019).Water use in electricity generation for water-energy nexus analyses: TheEuropean case. Sci Total Environ. 651: 2044–2058. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.045
    [21] Lenzi C, Bragalli C, BolognesiA, et al. (2013). From energy balance to energy efficiency indicators includingwater losses. Water Sci and Technol. 13: 889–895.
    [22] Mamade A, Loureiro D, Alegre H,et al. (2017). A comprehensive and well tested energy balance for water supplysystems. Urban Water J. 14: 853–861. doi: 10.1080/1573062X.2017.1279189
    [23] Murgui M, Cabrera E, Pardo MA,et al. (2009). Estimacióndel consumo de energía ligado al uso del agua en la ciudad de Valencia. Jornadasde Ingeniería del Agua. Madrid.
    [24] Pardo M and Riquelme A. (2019). A software for considering leakage in waterpressurized networks. Comput Appl Eng Educ.2019: 1–13.
    [25] Pardo MA, Manzano J, Cabrera E,et al. (2013). Energy audit of irrigation networks. Biosyst Eng. 115: 89-101. doi: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2013.02.005
    [26] Pardo MA and Valdes-Abellan J. (2019).Pipe replacement by age only, how misleading could it be? Water Supp. 19:846–854. doi: 10.2166/ws.2018.131
    [27] Pelli T and Hitz HU. (2000).Energy indicators and savings in water supply. JAm Water Works Ass.92: 55–62.
    [28] Pérez-Sánchez M, Sánchez-RomeroF, Ramos H, et al. (2016). Modeling irrigation networks for the quantificationof potential energy recovering: A case study. Water. 8: 234.
    [29] Picazo PM, Juárez J andGarcía-Márquez D. (2018). Energy consumption optimization in irrigationnetworks supplied by a standalone direct pumping photovoltaic system. Sustain. 10: 4203.
    [30] Farmani R, Walters GA, SavicDA. (2005). Trade-off between Total Cost and Reliability for Anytown WaterDistribution Network. JWater Res Pl-ASCE. 131: 161–171. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2005)131:3(161)
    [31] Rossman LA. (2000). EPANET2: users manual.
    [32] Telci I and Aral M. (2018).Optimal Energy Recovery from Water Distribution Systems Using Smart OperationScheduling. Water. 10: 1464.
    [33] Valdes­Abellan J, Pardo MA,Tenza­Abril AJ. (2017). Observed precipitation trend changes in thewestern Mediterranean region. Int J Climatol.37: 1285-1296.
    [34] Walski T. (2016). EnergyBalance for a Water Distribution System. World Environ and Water Resour Con 2016: 426–435.
    [35] Walski TM, Brill Jr ED, GesslerJ, et al. (1987). Battle of the network models: Epilogue. J Water Res Pl-ASCE. 113:191–203. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(1987)113:2(191)
  • Reader Comments
  • © 2019 the Author(s), licensee AIMS Press. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)
通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
  • 1. 

    沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

  1. 本站搜索
  2. 百度学术搜索
  3. 万方数据库搜索
  4. CNKI搜索

Metrics

Article views(4159) PDF downloads(1220) Cited by(0)

Article outline

Figures and Tables

Figures(5)  /  Tables(4)

Other Articles By Authors

/

DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
Return
Return

Catalog