Review Topical Sections

Implementing the EcoDesign Directive in distribution transformers: First impacts review

  • Received: 13 September 2016 Accepted: 08 January 2017 Published: 13 January 2017
  • Since the commission of the Ecodesign Directive 2005/32/EC and the review of the Directive in 2009, there has been radical change on a multitude of aspects across the grid of electrical products. Because of their high volume sales, significant environmental impact and high potential for improvement, distribution transformers were set as a priority for the Ecodesign Working Period 2009–2011. As of July 2015, the requirements of the Directive affect every unit placed into market. This study addresses the impact that the Ecodesign Directive had on the distribution transformer industry financially, environmentally, and technologically. Data has been collected from various authoritative sources in order to give an inclusive picture of the current situation, and how it may improve by the measures presented. We need to ascertain both the importance of the existing difficulties and the validity of the actions and regulations in effect so far. The purpose of this paper will be considered fulfilled if the reader can clearly understand the current state of the distribution transformer industry, the problems that the Ecodesign Directive attempts to overcome, the methods of solving said problems, and the effects that those solutions can have in the near future.

    Citation: Constantinos Charalampopoulos, Constantinos S. Psomopoulos, George Ch. Ioannidis, Stavors D. Kaminaris. Implementing the EcoDesign Directive in distribution transformers: First impacts review[J]. AIMS Energy, 2017, 5(1): 113-124. doi: 10.3934/energy.2017.1.113

    Related Papers:

  • Since the commission of the Ecodesign Directive 2005/32/EC and the review of the Directive in 2009, there has been radical change on a multitude of aspects across the grid of electrical products. Because of their high volume sales, significant environmental impact and high potential for improvement, distribution transformers were set as a priority for the Ecodesign Working Period 2009–2011. As of July 2015, the requirements of the Directive affect every unit placed into market. This study addresses the impact that the Ecodesign Directive had on the distribution transformer industry financially, environmentally, and technologically. Data has been collected from various authoritative sources in order to give an inclusive picture of the current situation, and how it may improve by the measures presented. We need to ascertain both the importance of the existing difficulties and the validity of the actions and regulations in effect so far. The purpose of this paper will be considered fulfilled if the reader can clearly understand the current state of the distribution transformer industry, the problems that the Ecodesign Directive attempts to overcome, the methods of solving said problems, and the effects that those solutions can have in the near future.


    加载中
    [1] SEEDT (2009) Selecting Energy Efficient Distribution Transformers A Guide for Achieving Least-Cost Solutions, Technical Report.
    [2] Amoiralis EI, Tsili MA, Georgilakis PS, et al. (2007) Energy Efficient Transformer Selection Implementing Life Cycle Costs and Environmental Externalities, paper presented at Electrical Power Quality and Utilisation, EPQU 2007, 9th International Conference.
    [3] The Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, second report “Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability”, 31 March 2014.
    [4] EU. Directive 2009/28/EC on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources and amending and subsequently repealing directives 2001/77/ec and 2003/30/ec. Official Journal of the European Union, 2009.
    [5] LOT 2: Distribution and power transformers Tasks 1–7, Final Report, 2010/ETE/R/106, January 2011
    [6] Belmans R, Declercq J, De Keulenaer H, et al. (2005) The Potential for Global Energy Savings from High Efficiency Distribution Transformers, Leonardo Energy. Available from: http://www.leonardo-energy.org/white-paper/global-energy-savings-potential-high-efficiency-distribution-transformers
    [7] Vaishya RK, Vaishya S, Bajpai SK (2013) Efficiency Improvements in Transformers by Adoption of New Magnetic Material. Int J Emerg Technol Adv Eng 3.
    [8] Grand View Research Inc (2014) Power Transformers Market Analysis By Product (100 MVA to 500 MVA, 501 MVA to 800 MVA, 801 MVA to 1200 MVA) And Segment Forecasts To 2020. Available from: http://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/power-transformers-market.
    [9] Markets and Markets (2013) Transformer Oil Market by Types (Mineral Oil - Naphthenic & Paraffinic, Silicone, and Bio-based), Applications (Small & Large Transformers, Utility) & Geography - Global Industry Trends & Forecast to 2018. Available from: http://www.marketsandmarkets.com/PressReleases/transformer-oil.asp.
    [10] Global Industries Analysis, Inc. The Global Distribution Transformers Market: Trends, Drivers & Projections. November 2014.
    [11] Markets and Markets (2015) Smart Transformers Market by Type (Power, Distribution, Specialty, and Instrument), Application (Smart Grid, Traction Locomotive, Electric Vehicle Charging, and Others) & by Region - Global Trends & Forecast to 2020. Available from: http://www.marketsandmarkets.com/Market-Reports/smart-transformers-market-15362928.html.
    [12] Kefalas TD, Kladas AG (2012) Reduction of Power Grid Losses by Using Energy Efficient Distribution Transformers. Mater Sci Forum 721:269-274. doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.721.269
    [13] Takasuga T, Senthilkumar K, Matsumura T, et al. (2006) Isotope dilution analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in transformer oil and global commercial PCB formulations by high resolution gas chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry. Chemosphere 62: 469-484. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.04.034
    [14] Hasegawa Ryusuke, Daichi Azuma (2008) Impacts of amorphous metal based transformers on energy efficiency and environment. J Magn Magn Mater 320: 2451-2456. doi: 10.1016/j.jmmm.2008.04.052
    [15] Carlen M, Xu D, Clausen J, et al. (2010) Ultra High Efficiency Distribution Transformers. Paper presented at Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition, 2010 IEEE PES, New Orleans, LA, USA.
    [16] Patil KS (2016) Evaluation Study of Performance Analysis & Characteristics of Amorphous Core Transformer for Electrical Distribution System. Int J Sci Res Sci Eng Technol 2.
    [17] Akiyoshi S, Terada H, Nagata T, et al. (2009) Development of distribution transformer based on new amorphous metal, paper presented at the 20th International Conference on Electricity Distribution, CIRED, 8-11 June 2009, Prague.
    [18] Mohan M, Kumar P (2012) Distribution Transformer with Amorphous-CRGO Core: An effort to reduce the cost of Amorphous Core Distribution Transformers. J Eng Appl Sci 7: 680.
    [19] Pawel Rozga (2013) Properties of new Environmentally Friendly Biodegradable Insulating Fluids for Power Transformers. Paper presented at 1st Annual International Interdisciplinary Conference, AIIC 2013, 24-26 April, Azores, Portugal.
    [20] Impact Assessment accompanying the document Draft Commission Regulation implementing Directive 2009/125/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to small, medium and large power transformers, European Commission, Brussels 2014.
    [21] Establishment of the Working Plan 2012-2014 under the Ecodesign Directive, European Commission, Brussels, 7 Dec 2012.
  • Reader Comments
  • © 2017 the Author(s), licensee AIMS Press. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)
通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
  • 1. 

    沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

  1. 本站搜索
  2. 百度学术搜索
  3. 万方数据库搜索
  4. CNKI搜索

Metrics

Article views(5244) PDF downloads(1131) Cited by(1)

Article outline

Figures and Tables

Figures(3)  /  Tables(1)

/

DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
Return
Return

Catalog