Research article Special Issues

Thermodynamic analysis of methanation of palm empty fruit bunch (PEFB) pyrolysis oil with and without in situ CO2 sorption

  • Received: 14 June 2015 Accepted: 08 November 2015 Published: 13 November 2015
  • Thermodynamic equilibrium analysis for conversion of palm empty fruit bunch (PEFB) bio-oil to methane using low-temperature steam reforming (LTSR) process was conducted by assuming either isothermal or adiabatic condition, with and without sorption enhancement (SE-LTSR), with CaO(S) or Ca(OH)2(S) as CO2 sorbent. Temperatures of 300-800 K, molar steam to carbon (S/C) ratios of 0.3-7.0, pressures of 1-30 atm and molar calcium to carbon ratios (Ca:C) of 0.3-1.0 were simulated. For reasons of process simplicity, the best conditions for CH4 production were observed for the adiabatic LTSR process without sorption at S/C between 2.5 and 3 (compared to the stoichiometric S/C of 0.375), inlet temperature above 450 K, resulting in reformer temperature of 582 K, where close to the theoretical maximum CH4 yield of 38 wt % of the simulated dry PEFB oil was obtained, resulting in a reformate consisting of 44.5 vol % CH4, 42.7 vol % CO2 and 12.7 vol % H2 and requiring only moderate heating mainly to partially preheat the reactants. Temperatures and S/C below these resulted in high risk of carbon by-product.

    Citation: Hafizah Abdul Halim Yun, Valerie Dupont. Thermodynamic analysis of methanation of palm empty fruit bunch (PEFB) pyrolysis oil with and without in situ CO2 sorption[J]. AIMS Energy, 2015, 3(4): 774-797. doi: 10.3934/energy.2015.4.774

    Related Papers:

  • Thermodynamic equilibrium analysis for conversion of palm empty fruit bunch (PEFB) bio-oil to methane using low-temperature steam reforming (LTSR) process was conducted by assuming either isothermal or adiabatic condition, with and without sorption enhancement (SE-LTSR), with CaO(S) or Ca(OH)2(S) as CO2 sorbent. Temperatures of 300-800 K, molar steam to carbon (S/C) ratios of 0.3-7.0, pressures of 1-30 atm and molar calcium to carbon ratios (Ca:C) of 0.3-1.0 were simulated. For reasons of process simplicity, the best conditions for CH4 production were observed for the adiabatic LTSR process without sorption at S/C between 2.5 and 3 (compared to the stoichiometric S/C of 0.375), inlet temperature above 450 K, resulting in reformer temperature of 582 K, where close to the theoretical maximum CH4 yield of 38 wt % of the simulated dry PEFB oil was obtained, resulting in a reformate consisting of 44.5 vol % CH4, 42.7 vol % CO2 and 12.7 vol % H2 and requiring only moderate heating mainly to partially preheat the reactants. Temperatures and S/C below these resulted in high risk of carbon by-product.


    加载中
    [1] Balat M (2008) Mechanisms of thermochemical biomass conversion processes. Part 1: Reactions of pyrolysis. Energ source part a 30: 620-635. doi: 10.1080/15567030600817258
    [2] Sulaiman F, Abdullah N (2011) Optimum conditions for maximizing pyrolysis liquids of oil palm empty fruit bunches. Energy 36: 2352-2359. doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2010.12.067
    [3] Mohan D, Pittman CU, Steele PH (2006) Pyrolysis of wood/biomass for bio-oil: A critical review. Energ fuel 20: 848-889. doi: 10.1021/ef0502397
    [4] Bridgewater AV (2012) Review of fast pyrolysis of biomass and product upgrading. Biomass bioenerg 38: 68-94. doi: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.01.048
    [5] Zhang R, Cummer K, Suby A, et al. (2005) Biomass-derived hydrogen from an air-blown gasifier. Fuel process technol 86: 861-874. doi: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2004.09.001
    [6] Sulaiman F, Abdullah N, Gerhauser H, et al. (2011) Review: An outlook of Malaysian energy, oil palm industry and its utilization of wastes as useful resources. Biomass bioenerg 35: 3775-3786.
    [7] Badger PC, Fransham P (2006) Use of mobile fast pyrolysis plants to densify biomass and reduce biomass handling costs-a preliminary assessment. Biomass bioenerg 20: 321-325.
    [8] Czernik S, Bridgewater AV (2004) Overview of applications of biomass fast pyrolysis oil. Energ fuel 18: 590-598. doi: 10.1021/ef034067u
    [9] Kopyscinski J, Schildhauer TJ, Biollaz SMA (2010) Production of synthetic natural gas (SNG) from coal and dry biomass: A technology review from 1950 to 2009. Fuel 89: 1763-1783. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2010.01.027
    [10] National Renewable Energy Laboratory (US). Energy analysis biogas potential in the United States. Colorado (US): U.S. Department of Energy (US); 2013. 4 p. (NREL publication; no. NREL/FS-6A20-60178).
    [11] AEBIOM European Biomass Association. A biogas road map for Europe. Belgium: Renewable Energy House, Rue d’Arlon, Brussels; 2009 October. Available from: http://www.aebiom.org/IMG/pdf/Brochure_BiogasRoadmap_WEB.pdf.
    [12] Kelleher Environmental. Benefits to the economy, environment and energy. Canada: The Biogas Association; 2013 November. Available from: http://www.biogasassociation.ca/bioExp/images/uploads/documents/2013/resources/Canadian_Biogas_Study_Summary.pdf.
    [13] BP. BP Statistical Review of World Energy June 2015. UK: Heriot-Watt University; 2015 June. Available from: http://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp-country/de_de/PDFs/brochures/bp-statistical-review-of-world-energy-2015-full-report.pdf
    [14] Suruhanjaya Tenaga (Energy Commission). National Energy Balance 2013. Malaysia: Energy Commission, Putrajaya; 2014 March. Available from: http://meih.st.gov.my/documents/10620/167a0433-510c-4a4e-81cd-fb178dcb156f
    [15] Beer T, Grant T, Brown R. Life-cycle emissions analysis of alternative fuels for heavy vehicles. Australia: Australian Greenhouse Office; 2000. 148p. (CSIRO Atmospheric Research report; no. C/0411/1.1/F2).
    [16] Van der Meijden CM, Veringa H, Vreugdenhill BJ, et al. (2009) Production of bio-methane from woody biomass. Available from: http://www.ecn.nl/docs/library/report/2009/m09086.pdf.
    [17] Xie H, Yu Q, Wei M, et al. (2015) Hydrogen production from steam reforming of simulated bio-oil over Ce-Ni/Co catalyst with in continuous CO2 capture. Int j hydrogen energ 40: 1420-1428. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.11.137
    [18] Md Zin R, Lea-Langton A, Dupont V, et al. (2012) High hydrogen yield and purity from palm empty fruit bunch and pine pyrolysis oils. Int j hydrogen energ 37: 10627-10638. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.04.064
    [19] Remon J, Broust F, Volle G, et al. (2015) Hydrogen production from pine and poplar bio-oils by catalytic steam reforming. Influence of the bio-oil composition on the process. Int j hydrogen energ 40: 5593-5608.
    [20] Xie H, Yu Q, Wang K, et al. (2014) Thermodynamic analysis of hydrogen production from model compounds of bio-oil through steam reforming. Environ prog sustain energy 33: 1008-1016. doi: 10.1002/ep.11846
    [21] Department of Energy and Climate Change. Digest of United Kingdom Energy Statistics 2014. London: The National Archives; 2014. Available from: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/338750/DUKES_2014_printed.pdf
    [22] Oh TH, Pang SH, Chua SC (2010) Energy policy and alternative energy in Malaysia: Issues and challenges for sustainable growth. Renew sust energ rev 14: 1241-1252. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2009.12.003
    [23] Hosseini SE, Abdul Wahid M (2013) Feasibility study of biogas production and utilization as a source of renewable energy in Malaysia. Renew sust energ rev 19: 454-462. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2012.11.008
    [24] Subramaniam V, Ngan MA, May CY, et al. (2008) Environmental performance of the milling process of Malaysian palm oil using the life cycle assessment approach. American j environ sci 4: 310-315. doi: 10.3844/ajessp.2008.310.315
    [25] Prasertsan S, Prasertsan P (1996) Biomass residues from palm oil mills in Thailand: An overview on quantity and potential usage. Biomass bioenerg 11: 387-395. doi: 10.1016/S0961-9534(96)00034-7
    [26] Van der Meijden CM, Veringa HJ, Rabou LPLM (2010) The production of synthetic natural gas (SNG): A comparison of three wood gasification systems for energy balance and overall efficiency. Biomass bioenerg 32: 302-311
    [27] Ni M, Leung DYC, Leung MKH, et al. (2006) An overview of hydrogen production from biomass. Fuel process technol 87: 461-472. doi: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2005.11.003
    [28] Bridgewater AV (2012) Review of fast pyrolysis of biomass and product upgrading. Biomass bioenerg 38: 68-94. doi: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.01.048
    [29] Sukiran MA, Chin CM, Abu Bakar NK (2009) Bio-oils from pyrolysis of oil palm empty fruit bunches. American j appl sci 6: 869-875. doi: 10.3844/ajassp.2009.869.875
    [30] Abdullah N, Sulaiman F, Gerhauser H (2011) Characterisation of oil palm empty fruit bunches for fuel application. J phys sci 22: 1-24.
    [31] Abdullah N, Gerhauser H, Bridgwater AV (2007) Bio-oil from fast pyrolysis of oil palm empty fruit bunches. J phys sci 18: 57-74.
    [32] Gu H, Song G, Xiao J, et al. (2013) Thermodynamic analysis of the biomass-to-synthetic natural gas using chemical looping technology with CaO sorbent. Energ fuel 27: 4695-4704. doi: 10.1021/ef4007593
    [33] Zeleznik FJ, Gordon S. An analytical investigation of three general methods of calculating chemical-equilibrium compositions. Ohio (US): National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US); 1960. 37p. (NASA publication; no. NASA TN D-43).
    [34] Gordon S, McBride BJ. Computer program for calculation of complex chemical equilibrium compositions and applications: I. Analysis. Ohio (US): National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US); 1994. 58p. (NASA publication; no. NASA RP-1311).
    [35] Dupont V, Twigg MV, Rollinson AN, et al. (2013) Thermodynamics of hydrogen production from urea by steam reforming with and without in situ carbon dioxide sorption. Int j hydrogen energ 38: 10260-10269. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.06.062
    [36] Wang Q, Luo J, Zhong Z, et al. (2011) CO2 capture by solid adsorbents and their applications: current status and new trends. Energ environ sci 4: 42-55. doi: 10.1039/C0EE00064G
    [37] Blamey J, Manovic V, Anthony EJ, et al. (2015) On steam hydration of CaO-based sorbent cycled for CO2 capture. Fuel 150: 269-277. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2015.02.026
  • Reader Comments
  • © 2015 the Author(s), licensee AIMS Press. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)
通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
  • 1. 

    沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

  1. 本站搜索
  2. 百度学术搜索
  3. 万方数据库搜索
  4. CNKI搜索

Metrics

Article views(5142) PDF downloads(1065) Cited by(5)

Article outline

Figures and Tables

Figures(9)  /  Tables(7)

Other Articles By Authors

/

DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
Return
Return

Catalog