Impact of cattle on joint dynamics and disease burden of Japanese encephalitis and leptospirosis

Mondal Hasan Zahid; Christopher M. Kribs; Mondal Hasan Zahid; Christopher M. Kribs

doi:10.3934/mbe.2021153

Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering

2021, Volume 18, Issue 4: 3046-3072. doi: 10.3934/mbe.2021153

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Research article

Impact of cattle on joint dynamics and disease burden of Japanese encephalitis and leptospirosis

Mondal Hasan Zahid ,
Christopher M. Kribs ^,

Department of Mathematics, University of Texas at Arlington, Box 19408, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

Academic Editor: Azmy S. Ackleh

Received: 25 January 2021 Accepted: 29 March 2021 Published: 02 April 2021

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a mosquito-borne neglected tropical disease. JE is mostly found in rural areas where people usually keep cattle at home for their needs. Cattle in households reduce JE virus infections since they distract vectors and act as a dead-end host for the virus. However, the presence of cattle introduces risk of leptospirosis infections in humans. Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease that spreads through direct or indirect contact of urine of the infected cattle. Thus, cattle have both positive and negative impacts on human disease burden. This study uses a mathematical model to study the joint dynamics of these two diseases in the presence of cattle and to identify the net impact of cattle on the annual disease burden in JE-prevalent areas. Analysis indicates that the presence of cattle helps to reduce the overall disease burden in JE-prevalent areas. However, this reduction is dominated by the vector's feeding pattern. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the joint dynamics of JE and leptospirosis.
- multiple pathogens,
- vector-borne disease,
- mosquitoes,
- dynamical systems,
- pigs
Citation: Mondal Hasan Zahid, Christopher M. Kribs. Impact of cattle on joint dynamics and disease burden of Japanese encephalitis and leptospirosis[J]. Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering, 2021, 18(4): 3046-3072. doi: 10.3934/mbe.2021153

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Abstract

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a mosquito-borne neglected tropical disease. JE is mostly found in rural areas where people usually keep cattle at home for their needs. Cattle in households reduce JE virus infections since they distract vectors and act as a dead-end host for the virus. However, the presence of cattle introduces risk of leptospirosis infections in humans. Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease that spreads through direct or indirect contact of urine of the infected cattle. Thus, cattle have both positive and negative impacts on human disease burden. This study uses a mathematical model to study the joint dynamics of these two diseases in the presence of cattle and to identify the net impact of cattle on the annual disease burden in JE-prevalent areas. Analysis indicates that the presence of cattle helps to reduce the overall disease burden in JE-prevalent areas. However, this reduction is dominated by the vector's feeding pattern. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the joint dynamics of JE and leptospirosis.

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