Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in an imperfect production process under breakdown consideration

Bijoy Kumar Shaw; Isha Sangal; Biswajit Sarkar; Bijoy Kumar Shaw; Isha Sangal; Biswajit Sarkar

doi:10.3934/environsci.2022038

AIMS Environmental Science

2022, Volume 9, Issue 5: 658-691. doi: 10.3934/environsci.2022038

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Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in an imperfect production process under breakdown consideration

1.
Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan 304022, India
2.
Keranitola Shree Shree Mohanananda Vidyamandir (H.S.), Midnapore, Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal 721101, India
3.
Department of Industrial Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Sinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea
4.
Center for Transdisciplinary Research (CFTR), Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, 162, Poonamallee High Road, Velappanchavadi, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600077, India

Received: 07 May 2022 Revised: 27 June 2022 Accepted: 26 July 2022 Published: 09 October 2022

A long-run manufacturing system can experience machine breakdown at any time for various reasons such as unskilled labor or outdated machinery technology. In an integrated green inventory model, the produced green products cannot all be perfect throughout a cycle, particularly when machines malfunction. Therefore, an inspection policy is introduced to clean the production process from unusable defect products, the correctness of which depends on the discussion of the inspected errors. The perfect products detected via the inspection process are delivered to the retailer as well as the market. To transport green products, it is essential to control the capacity of the containers and the quantities of green products transported per batch. In this study, the greenhouse gas equivalence factor of CO$ _2 $ emissions is calculated for all green products' manufacturing and transportation mediums. These types of energies are used in the manufacturing process: electricity, natural gas, and coal. Whereas within transportation, four transportation modes are considered: railways, roadways, airways, and waterways. The retailer can agree to transport their inventories to the customers' house according to their requirement by requiring a third-party local agency via outsourcing criteria. The model solves the problem of CO$ _2 $ emissions through production and transportation within the machine breakdown.
- random machine breakdown,
- maintenance policy,
- transportation mode,
- energy consumption,
- greenhouse gas,
- carbon emissions
Citation: Bijoy Kumar Shaw, Isha Sangal, Biswajit Sarkar. Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in an imperfect production process under breakdown consideration[J]. AIMS Environmental Science, 2022, 9(5): 658-691. doi: 10.3934/environsci.2022038

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Abstract

A long-run manufacturing system can experience machine breakdown at any time for various reasons such as unskilled labor or outdated machinery technology. In an integrated green inventory model, the produced green products cannot all be perfect throughout a cycle, particularly when machines malfunction. Therefore, an inspection policy is introduced to clean the production process from unusable defect products, the correctness of which depends on the discussion of the inspected errors. The perfect products detected via the inspection process are delivered to the retailer as well as the market. To transport green products, it is essential to control the capacity of the containers and the quantities of green products transported per batch. In this study, the greenhouse gas equivalence factor of CO$ _2 $ emissions is calculated for all green products' manufacturing and transportation mediums. These types of energies are used in the manufacturing process: electricity, natural gas, and coal. Whereas within transportation, four transportation modes are considered: railways, roadways, airways, and waterways. The retailer can agree to transport their inventories to the customers' house according to their requirement by requiring a third-party local agency via outsourcing criteria. The model solves the problem of CO$ _2 $ emissions through production and transportation within the machine breakdown.

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