Regulation of gene expression in <i>Nicotiana tabacum</i> seedlings by the MKASAA peptide through DNA methylation via the RdDM pathway

Larisa I. Fedoreyeva; Tatiana A. Dilovarova; Boris F. Vanyushin; Inna A. Chaban; Neonila V. Kononenko; Larisa I. Fedoreyeva; Tatiana A. Dilovarova; Boris F. Vanyushin; Inna A. Chaban; Neonila V. Kononenko

doi:10.3934/biophy.2022011

AIMS Biophysics

2022, Volume 9, Issue 2: 113-129. doi: 10.3934/biophy.2022011

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Regulation of gene expression in Nicotiana tabacum seedlings by the MKASAA peptide through DNA methylation via the RdDM pathway

1.
All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology RAS, 127550 Moscow, Timiryazevskaya 42, Russia
2.
A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Leninskie Gory1, Building 40, Russia

Received: 15 April 2022 Revised: 31 May 2022 Accepted: 06 June 2022 Published: 10 June 2022

DNA methylation is involved in the protection of the genome, the regulation of gene expression, splicing, and is associated with a serious reprogramming of plant development. Using fluorescence microscopy, it was shown that the MKASAA peptide penetrates through the root system of Nicotiana tabacum tobacco, mainly into the cap, meristem, and elongation zones. In the cell, the peptide is localized mainly on the nuclei. In tobacco seedlings grown in the presence of the peptide at a concentration of 10^–7 M, an increase in the expression of DNA methyltransferases, especially DRM2, which methylates previously unmethylated DNA sites, is observed. In the presence of the peptide in the roots and leaves of tobacco, the level of global DNA methylation increases. An increase in DNA methylation occurs via the RdDM pathway. Presumably, the peptide binds to siRNAs, forming giant particles that remodulate chromatin and facilitate the entry of DNA methyltransferases. An increase in the level of DNA methylation is accompanied by silencing of the genes of the GRF, KNOX, and EXP families. Suppression of gene expression of these families is accompanied by significant morphological changes in tobacco seedlings. Thus, the short exogenous MKASAA peptide is involved in global morphological and genetic changes in tobacco seedlings.
- peptide MKASAA,
- DNA methylation,
- RdDM,
- RNA-peptide interaction
Citation: Larisa I. Fedoreyeva, Tatiana A. Dilovarova, Boris F. Vanyushin, Inna A. Chaban, Neonila V. Kononenko. Regulation of gene expression in Nicotiana tabacum seedlings by the MKASAA peptide through DNA methylation via the RdDM pathway[J]. AIMS Biophysics, 2022, 9(2): 113-129. doi: 10.3934/biophy.2022011

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Abstract

DNA methylation is involved in the protection of the genome, the regulation of gene expression, splicing, and is associated with a serious reprogramming of plant development. Using fluorescence microscopy, it was shown that the MKASAA peptide penetrates through the root system of Nicotiana tabacum tobacco, mainly into the cap, meristem, and elongation zones. In the cell, the peptide is localized mainly on the nuclei. In tobacco seedlings grown in the presence of the peptide at a concentration of 10^–7 M, an increase in the expression of DNA methyltransferases, especially DRM2, which methylates previously unmethylated DNA sites, is observed. In the presence of the peptide in the roots and leaves of tobacco, the level of global DNA methylation increases. An increase in DNA methylation occurs via the RdDM pathway. Presumably, the peptide binds to siRNAs, forming giant particles that remodulate chromatin and facilitate the entry of DNA methyltransferases. An increase in the level of DNA methylation is accompanied by silencing of the genes of the GRF, KNOX, and EXP families. Suppression of gene expression of these families is accompanied by significant morphological changes in tobacco seedlings. Thus, the short exogenous MKASAA peptide is involved in global morphological and genetic changes in tobacco seedlings.

Acknowledgments

The reported study was supported by assignment 22-26-00270 of the Russian Science Foundation.

Conflict of interest

All authors declare no conflicts of interest in this paper.

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