Research article Special Issues

Additive manufacturing of specific ankle-foot orthoses for persons after stroke: A preliminary study based on gait analysis data

  • Received: 30 April 2019 Accepted: 03 September 2019 Published: 09 September 2019
  • The aim of present study is to investigate the feasibility of patient-specific ankle-foot orthoses fabricated using additive manufacturing (AM) techniques. Then, clinical performance of the AFOs manufactured using material PA12 was evaluated in stroke survivors based on gait analysis data. The ankle and foot were scanned by EinScan-Pro 3D scanner. The software Geomagic Studio was used for modifying the AFO model. After processing the original AFO model into the final required model, material PA12 were used to fabricate the AFOs by Multi Jet Fusion (MJF) technique. Finally, gait analysis of 12 stroke patients was conducted to compare the effects with and without AFO. It took 2 hours from processing the initial AFO model to the completion of final model, and the printing time was 8 hours. The printing thickness of the AFO was 1.2 mm. With respect to the temporal-spatial parameters, the velocity and stride length in the gait with AFO increased significantly as compared to the gait without AFO (P = 0.001, P = 0.002). The cadence increased, double limb support phase decreased, and the step length difference decreased in the gait with AFO; however, the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.117, P = 0.075, P = 0.051).This study confirmed the feasibility of patient-specific AFO fabricated by AM techniques, and demonstrated the process of modifying AFO models successfully. The specific ankle-foot orthoses fabricated by material PA12 have a significant effect on the improvement of velocity and stride length in people with stroke.

    Citation: Zhen Liu, Pande Zhang, Ming Yan, Yimin Xie, Guangzhi Huang. Additive manufacturing of specific ankle-foot orthoses for persons after stroke: A preliminary study based on gait analysis data[J]. Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering, 2019, 16(6): 8134-8143. doi: 10.3934/mbe.2019410

    Related Papers:

  • The aim of present study is to investigate the feasibility of patient-specific ankle-foot orthoses fabricated using additive manufacturing (AM) techniques. Then, clinical performance of the AFOs manufactured using material PA12 was evaluated in stroke survivors based on gait analysis data. The ankle and foot were scanned by EinScan-Pro 3D scanner. The software Geomagic Studio was used for modifying the AFO model. After processing the original AFO model into the final required model, material PA12 were used to fabricate the AFOs by Multi Jet Fusion (MJF) technique. Finally, gait analysis of 12 stroke patients was conducted to compare the effects with and without AFO. It took 2 hours from processing the initial AFO model to the completion of final model, and the printing time was 8 hours. The printing thickness of the AFO was 1.2 mm. With respect to the temporal-spatial parameters, the velocity and stride length in the gait with AFO increased significantly as compared to the gait without AFO (P = 0.001, P = 0.002). The cadence increased, double limb support phase decreased, and the step length difference decreased in the gait with AFO; however, the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.117, P = 0.075, P = 0.051).This study confirmed the feasibility of patient-specific AFO fabricated by AM techniques, and demonstrated the process of modifying AFO models successfully. The specific ankle-foot orthoses fabricated by material PA12 have a significant effect on the improvement of velocity and stride length in people with stroke.


    加载中


    [1] E. Cakar, O. Durmus, L. Tekin, et al., The ankle-foot orthosis improves balance and reduces fall risk of chronic spastic hemiparetic patients, Eur. J. Phy. Rehab. Med., 46 (2010), 363-368.
    [2] S. F. Tyson, E. Sadeghi-Demneh and C. J. Nester, A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of an ankle-foot orthosis on gait biomechanics after stroke, Clin. Rehabil., 27 (2013), 879-891.
    [3] V. Bouchalová, E. Houben, D. Tancsik, et al., The influence of an ankle-foot orthosis on the spatiotemporal gait parameters and functional balance in chronic stroke patients, J. Phys. Ther. Sci., 28 (2016), 1621-1628.
    [4] S. Telfer, J. Pallari, J. Munguia, et al., Embracing additive manufacture: Implications for foot and ankle orthosis design, BMC Musculoskelet Disord., 13 (2012), 84.
    [5] S. Milusheva, D. Tochev, L. Stefanova, et al., Virtual models and prototype of individual ankle foot orthosis. in ISB XXth Congress—ASB29th Annual Meeting, 2005, Cleveland, Ohio.
    [6] A. S. Salles and D. E. Gyi, An evaluation of personalised insoles developed using additive manufacturing, J. Sports Sci., 31 (2013), 442-450.
    [7] C. E. Dombroski, M. E. Balsdon and A. Froats, The use of a low cost 3D scanning and printing tool in the manufacture of custom-made foot orthoses: A preliminary study, BMC Res. Notes, 7 (2014), 443.
    [8] C. Lunsford, G. Grindle, B. Salatin, et al., Innovations with 3-Dimensional printing in physical medicine and rehabilitation: A review of the literature, PMR, 8 (2016), 1201-1212.
    [9] E. Wojciechowski, A.Y. Chang, D. Balassone, et al., Feasibility of designing, manufacturing and delivering 3D printed ankle-foot orthoses: A systematic review, J. Foot Ankle Res., 12 (2019), 11.
    [10] G. B. Kim, S. Lee, H. Kim, et al., Three-dimensional printing: Basic principles and applications in medicine and radiology, Korean J. Radiol, 17 (2016), 182-197.
    [11] M. C. Faustini, R. R. Neptune, R. H. Crawford et al., Manufacture of passive dynamic ankle-foot orthoses using selective laser sintering. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., 55 (2008), 784-790.
    [12] E. S. Schrank and S. J. Stanhope, Dimensional accuracy of ankle-foot orthoses constructed by rapid customization and manufacturing framework, J. Rehabil. Res. Dev., 48 (2011), 31-42.
    [13] C. Mavroidis, R. G. Ranky, M.L. Sivak, et al., Patient specific ankle-foot orthoses using rapid prototyping, J. Neuroeng. Rehabil., 8 (2011),1.
    [14] E. S. Schrank, L. Hitch, K. Wallace, et al., Assessment of a virtual functional prototyping process for rapid manufacture of passive-dynamic ankle-foot orthoses, J. Biomech. Eng., 135 (2013), 101011-101017.
    [15] V. Creylman, L. Muraru, J. Pallari, et al., Gait assessment during the initial fitting of customized selective laser sintering ankle foot orthoses insubjects with drop foot, Prosthet. Orthot. Int., 37 (2013), 132-138.
    [16] R. K. Chen, Y. Jin, J. Wensman, et al., Additive manufacturing of custom orthoses and prostheses-A review, Addit. Manufact., 12 (2016), 77-89.
    [17] G. N. Levy, R. Schindel and J. P. Kruth, Rapid manufacturing and rapid tooling with layer manufacture (LM) technologies, state of the art and future perspectives, CIRP-Ann-Manuf Techn., 52 (2003), 589-609.
    [18] HP Inc.: Products-PA12 [www8.hp.com/us/en/printers/3d-printers/materials.html].
    [19] K. K. Patterson, W. H. Gage, D. Brooks, et al., Evaluation of gait symmetry after stroke: A comparison of current methods and recommendations for standardization, Gait Posture., 31 (2010), 241-246.
    [20] M. Drużbicki, A. Guzik, G. Przysada, et al., Changes in gait symmetry after training on a treadmill with biofeedback in chronic stroke patients: A 6-month follow-up from a randomized controlled trial, Med. Sci. Monit., 22 (2016), 4859-4868.
    [21] P. Tack, J. Victor, P. Gemmel, et al., 3D-printing techniques in a medical setting: A systematic literature review, Biomed. Eng. Online, 15 (2016), 115.
    [22] C. L. Ventola, Medical applications for 3D printing: Current and projected uses, 39 (2014), 704-711.
  • Reader Comments
  • © 2019 the Author(s), licensee AIMS Press. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)
通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
  • 1. 

    沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

  1. 本站搜索
  2. 百度学术搜索
  3. 万方数据库搜索
  4. CNKI搜索

Metrics

Article views(6317) PDF downloads(974) Cited by(20)

Article outline

Figures and Tables

Figures(3)  /  Tables(2)

/

DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
Return
Return

Catalog